The influence of digestible energy concentration of the diet on feed intake and rate of gain by beef steers

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-369
Author(s):  
R. Hironaka ◽  
G. C. Kozub
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Different Levels

Eighty Hereford steers were fed diets with different levels of protected tallow. One-half of the steers received all-concentrate diets with 0–20% tallow, and the other half received 50% concentrate and 50% cubed alfalfa hay diets with 0–10% tallow. As the level of protected tallow in the diet increased, daily feed intake declined in both diets, but daily digestible energy (DE) intake declined then increased with the all-concentrate diets but increased then declined with the hay-concentrate diets. Digestible energy required per unit gain was not affected with the all-concentrate diets but increased then declined as the level of protected tallow was increased with the hay-concentrate diets. Carcass measurements were not influenced by the level of protected tallow in the all-concentrate diets. Carcass backfat declined with an increase in level of protected tallow in the hay-concentrate diets. Blood plasma nonesterified fatty acid levels increased as the level of protected tallow in the diet increased. Packed cell volume increased as protected tallow in the diet increased in the steers fed all-concentrate but not in those fed hay-concentrate. Blood glucose level was not affected by level of protected tallow in the diet. Key words: Steers, digestible energy concentration, protected tallow

Effect of glycemia and nonesterified fatty acids on forearm glucose uptake in normal humans

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. E304-E311 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Walker ◽  
G. R. Fulcher ◽  
C. F. Sum ◽  
H. Orskov ◽  
K. G. Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
And Control ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of physiological plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels on insulin-stimulated forearm and whole body glucose uptake and substrate oxidation during euglycemia and hyperglycemia. Seven healthy men received Intralipid and heparin for 210 min in two studies, with saline as control in two further studies. Insulin (0.05 U.kg-1.h-1) was infused from 60 min, and euglycemia was maintained during lipid (EL) and control (EC) studies, and hyperglycemia was maintained in the other studies (HL and HC). Forearm NEFA uptake was comparable in the lipid studies (+61 +/- 10 and +52 +/- 8 nmol.100 ml forearm-1.min-1, EL and HL) and was suppressed in the controls. With Intralipid, forearm glucose uptake decreased during euglycemia but not during hyperglycemia (+3.85 +/- 0.34 vs. +3.34 +/- 0.25 mumol.100 ml forearm-1.min-1, EC vs. EL, P less than 0.02), with comparable changes in whole body glucose uptake. Glucose oxidation and forearm alanine release decreased with Intralipid at both blood glucose levels, with no significant change in the rates of nonoxidative glucose disposal. These observations support the operation of the glucose-fatty acid cycle at physiological plasma NEFA levels at both blood glucose concentrations, but this was associated with a decrease in peripheral insulin sensitivity only during euglycemia.

scholarly journals Prospective Study Comparing the effect of Laparoscopic Mini Gastric Bypass and Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Blood Glucose Level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Obese Patients

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Z Shaker ◽  
M Z Abdelaziz ◽  
M M Abdelaziz ◽  
A H Afify ◽  
A M S Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mini Gastric Bypass ◽  
Obese Patients

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is now a global health priority. The World Health Organization estimates that between 2000 and 2030, the number of diabetic patients will increase by 114%. T2DM and morbid obesity are conditions representing increasing public health threats. They are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and despite lifestyle modifications and medical support, glycemic control remains difficult to achieve in obese diabetic patients. Objective To compare the effect of laproscopic mini gastric bypass and laproscopic sleeve gastrectomy in controlling type 2 DM obese patients. Patients and Methods Our study was conducted on 40 adult morbid obese patients with T2DM. Twenty patient underwent laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass and the other 20 patient underwent sleeve gastrectomy. All of these patients were followed up preoperative and postoperative at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months by measuring BMI, EWL%, Fasting blood glucose level, 2 hours post prandial blood glucose level, HbA1C also postoperative gastrografin study to exclude complications. Results Our study demonstrated the superiority of MGB over SG in controlling T2DM along 1 year of follow up with lower 1 year HBA1C, FBG, 2HPP blood glucose level in bypass group in comparison with SG group. The results of our study regarding mini gastric bypass MGB patient group showed total remission rate (85%), the other 15% of patients achieved improvement of glycemic control, regarding antidiabetic treatment only 3 out of 20 needed postoperative treatment. The results of our study regarding sleeve gastrectomy patient group showed total remission rate (50%) the other 50% of patients achieved improvement of T2DM control, regarding antidiabetic treatment 9 out of 20 needed postoperative treatment. Conclusion late postoperative complications and long-term maintenance of glycemic control need to be determined by further studies on a larger scale of patients and bigger duration of follow up.

Rumen fermentation of fresh herbage

1966 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Williams ◽  
K. R. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

1. On twelve occasions covering a complete seasonal cycle rumen mierobial end-product concentrations were measured in a group of sheep allowed to graze a pasture for 1 hr. Considerable differences were obtained in the rises in total volatile fatty acid and ammonia after feeding, in average rumen protein nitrogen and in free mierobial count.2. Seven samples of fresh herbage wfere fed to groups of sheep in pens at different levels of intake. Increase in feed intake with five of the herbages produced significant increases in rumen ammonia and total volatile fatty acid and with one herbage there was a significant increase in protein nitrogen. Free mierobial count was measured after feeding three herbages and was found to be independent of intake level.

INFLUENCE OF DIETARY VOLATILE FATTY ACID MIXTURES ON PERFORMANCE AND ON FAT COMPOSITION OF GROWING PIGS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. BOWLAND ◽  
B. A. YOUNG ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Bomb Calorimetry ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Gross Energy

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the acceptability, calculated digestible energy, influence on performance, and effect on fatty acid composition of backfat when a mixture of volatile fatty acids (VFA) or of a sodium salt of these fatty acids (Na VFA) was fed to pigs. The weight percent of the VFA mixture was 40 acetic, 40 propionic and 20 butyric acid. Adding 2 to 8% VFA or Na VFA to the diet, without adjustment for digestible energy or total protein, did not influence feed intake or rate of gain. Dietary levels of 10 or 12% VFA or Na VFA depressed daily gain. When 4% VFA or Na VFA was fed from an initial weight of 12 kg, feed intake was not altered in comparison with that of pigs fed a control diet. Rate of gain averaged 0.64 kg per day for pigs fed either VFA or Na VFA, compared with 0.60 kg for control pigs. The digestible energy values of the VFA and Na VFA, based on calculated energy conversion from 38 to 75 kg liveweight, were higher than the gross energy values of the compounds determined by oxygen bomb calorimetry, presumably because of a synergistic action of VFA with other energy sources in the diet. Carcass backfat thickness, area of loin and lean in the ham face were not significantly altered by feeding VFA or Na VFA. When pigs received up to 12% VFA or Na VFA, weight percent oleic acid in the outer backfat was increased (P < 0.05) from 49.9% in the control pigs to between 52.7 and 53.3 percent. There was no influence on backfat composition when 4% VFA or Na VFA was fed continuously.

scholarly journals The effect of feed withdrawal on broiler blood glucose and nonesterified fatty acid levels, postmortem liver pH values, and carcass yield

1999 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG van der Wal ◽  
HG Reimert ◽  
HA Goedhart ◽  
B Engel ◽  
TG Uijttenboogaart
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Feed Withdrawal

scholarly journals The Effects of Feeding Graded Levels of Wheat Offals And Groundnut Shells To Pigs On Their Performance And Carcass Characteristics And Nutrient Utilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
G. M. Babatunde ◽  
B. L. Fetuga ◽  
V. A. Oyenuga ◽  
O. Akpapwunam
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Weaner Pigs

A TOTAL of 70 weaner pigs were used in these studies designed to study the effects of feeding graded levels of wheat offals and groundnut shells in the diets of pigs on their performance characteristics, carcass quality and nutrient utilization abilities. They were all of the Yorkshire and Yorkshire x Landrace crosses, and were reared from about 25 kg to approximately 92 kg liveweight on diets containing 5, 10 and 15% of wheat offals or groundnut shells compared with the control diet which contained neither of these. All the diets were roughly iso nitrogenous, containing about 20% protein.  All pigs on the graded levels of the fibre sources gained more than those on the control diet, consumed more feed and higher digestible energy daily and had inconsistently better feed/gain ratios, but the differences were not significant. Pigs on the ground nut shell diets also gained more weight daily, consumed more feed and digestible energy, but had poorer efficiencies of feed and energy utilization than those on the wheat offals diets, but the differences were also not significant for the three weight categories covered. Generally, feed intake slightly increased, digestible energy intake slightly decreased, while the other response parameters were not consistently affected by the increases in the levels of fibre inclusion. The carcass measurements were not significantly influenced by the levels of fibre inclusion, and there were no definite trends in nearly all the carcass measurements as the fibre levels increased, but there were significant differences due to sources in most of the carcass parameters. Most of the nutrients were significantly depressed in their utilization by the fibre levels and sources.

EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC HUMAN 1,39-CORTICOTROPHIN ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL IN MICE

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-489
Author(s):  
F. A. László ◽  
I. Szijj ◽  
F. Durszt ◽  
K. Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Initial Blood

ABSTRACT The hypoglycaemic action of synthetic human 1,39-corticotrophin was determined in mice and its effectiveness compared with highly purified porcine corticotrophin. Synthetic human 1,39-corticotrophin (0.01 mg = 1.0 IU) and porcine corticotrophin (1.0 IU) induced a transient hypoglycaemia. After the administration of the porcine corticotrophin the decrease in the blood glucose concentration was somewhat more marked and prolonged. Adrenocortical activity was not necessary for the development of hypoglycaemia. In adrenalectomized mice, dexamethasone substitution by increasing the initial blood glucose content, made the effect more pronounced. Pretreatment with corticotrophin reduced the extent of the alloxan-induced transitory hyperglycaemia. On the other hand, it did not influence the high blood glucose values in manifest alloxan diabetic animals. It is possible that corticotrophin induces hypoglycaemia through insulin release. This is an extra-adrenal effect of corticotrophin as it is also observed in adrenalectomized mice.

Feed Intake Patterns and Associated Blood Glucose, Free Fatty Acid and Insulin Changes in Ponies

1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 838-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Ralston ◽  
G. Van den Broek ◽  
C. A. Baile
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Feed Intake
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