scholarly journals Efficacy of chemical castration and effects of age at castration and implant regime on growth rate, testicular measurements and testosterone levels of beef calves

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
B. D. King ◽  
P. S. W. Hunter ◽  
E. D. Janzen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Chemical Castration ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Daily Gain

In 1984–1985 and 1985–1986, groups of 136 and 127 male calves were used to assess the effects of multiple implants (Ralgro or Steeroid), castration time (early or late) and castration method (surgical or chemical) on testicular development and weight gain for 28 d following castration. Ralgro-implanted bull calves had smaller scrotal circumference (P < 0.001) and testicle weight (P < 0.001) than nonimplanted calves at early castration (59 ± 1 d), late castration (157 ± 1 d) and at slaughter (459 ± 3 d). Steeroid had no effect on testicle weight at early castration (40 ± 1 d) but reduced testicle weight (P < 0.001) at late castration (148 ± 1 d). Average daily gain (ADG) during the first 7 d postcastration was less for surgically castrated than chemically castrated calves or bulls following early castration (P < 0.05) but in the 7 d following late castration, bull calves grew faster than surgical castrates (P < 0.05) and surgical castrates grew faster than chemical castrates (P < 0.05). The ADG of calves implanted with Ralgro was greater than that of nonimplanted calves during the 28-d period following early and late castration (P < 0.05) but Steeroid had no effect (P > 0.05) on 28-d postcastration ADG. Chemical castration increased scrotal circumference at 7, 14 and 28 d postcastration (P < 0.001) but by day 56, testicular atrophy was complete in those calves that were successfully castrated. Chem-cast was an effective method of castration in young calves (< 90 kg liveweight), particularly those that had been implanted with Ralgro, but efficacy was reduced (P < 0.05) in older calves (> 150 kg liveweight). Key words: Castration, Chem-cast, Ralgro, Steeroid, testosterone, beef

INFLUENCE OF COW SIZE AND OTHER FACTORS ON WEIGHT GAIN OF BEEF CALVES TO 365 DAYS OF AGE

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. JEFFERY ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
The University ◽  
Daily Gain

A study involving three sets of data from the University of Alberta beef breeding herd (1966–67, 176 cows; 1967–68, 167 cows; 1968–70, 285 cows) was conducted to determine the influence of birth weight of calf (BW), postcalving weight of dam (PCW), and breed effect on calf performance to 365 days of age. The influence of preweaning on postweaning performance was also considered. Calves heavier at birth tended to excel in both preweaning and postweaning growth rate. A 1-kg increase in BW resulted in an increase of 2.86–4.42 kg in calf weight at 365 days of age. For male calves, PCW was negatively associated with calf weight at both 180 and 365 days of age for 1966–67 data; however, for 1967–68 and 1968–70 data, a 10-kg increase in PCW resulted in 0.70- and 0.92-kg increases, respectively, in calf weight at 180 days, and 1.96- and 2.12-kg increases in calf weight at 365 days, respectively. For female calves, a 10-kg increase in PCW resulted in 1.40-, 0.88-, and 0.29-kg increases in calf weight at 180 days of age, and 0.68-, 1.31-, and 0.31-kg increases in calf weight at 365 days of age, respectively, for the three sets of data. Breed difference explained from 22 to 43% of the variance in average daily gain of calf to weaning (ADG) but only 0.2–13.8% of the variance in postweaning average daily gain (PWADG). Male calves with higher ADG to weaning or heavier weaning weights tended to have slightly higher PWADG. A 10-kg advantage in weaning weight for male calves resulted in a 12–14-kg advantage in weight at 365 days of age.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF GROWTH IN THE GOUSES UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE COMBINED PHARMACOPROPHYLACTIC HOMOBIOTICS, PROBIOTICS BASED ON THE RECOMBINANT BASILL AND ENROFLOXACIN STRAIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
G. A. Nozdrin ◽  
N. A. Gotovchikov ◽  
M. S. Yakovleva ◽  
N. S. Yakovleva ◽  
M. B. Lazareva
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Daily Gain

The combined effect of homobiotics, probiotics based on recombinant strains of g. Bacillus, & enrofloxacin on the dynamics of body weight gain in geese was studied. According to the principle of steam-analogs, one control and five experimental groups of 10 goslings in each group were formed. Gosyatam experimental groups used homobiotics vetom 15.1; vetom 13.1 incombination with enrofloxacin followed by replacement with a probiotic preparation Vetom 1.2. The absolute body weight and average daily gain in geese under the influence of the studied drugs increases. The severity of the effect depended on the pharmacological composition of the drugs used. The maximum absolute weight gain was observed when using the drugs according to the scheme: vetom 13.1 at doses of 25–50 mg/kg for 16 days, with further use of a 10% enrofloxacin solution at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg for 5 days and in The experiment period was 1.2 at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days. After the cessation of the use of drugs, the growth rate increased for 30 days when prescribing the drugs according to the scheme: veto 13.1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days and with further introduction of homobiotic veto 1.2 into the bird in a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days. The maximum average daily gain in live weight of geese was observed in the period from the 16th to the 32nd day with the administration scheme: homobiotic vetom 13.1 at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight 1 time per day for 5 consecutive days, then every other day for 16 days, then daily 10 % solution of enrofloxacin at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of body weight for 5 days, then vetom 1.2 at a dose of 25 mg/kg once a day for 16 days in a row. And the maximum average daily gain in the post using period of the drug was observed on the 32nd day of the study according to the scheme: homobiotic veto 15.1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight 1 time per day for 16 days, then daily with vetom 1.2 at the same dose 1 once a day for 16 days. The studied drugs in the applied doses did not have a toxic effect on the physiological state of geese.

AGE DYNAMICS OF THE LIVE WEIGHT OF YOUNG YAKS OF THE ALTAI POPULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
А.И. БАХТУШКИНА ◽  
В.Р. САИТОВ ◽  
М.М. САЛЬНИКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Daily Gain

Проведено изучение интенсивности роста молодняка яков алтайской популяции, характеризующегося энергичным ростом. Динамика роста молодняка яков изучена путем определения их живой массы в разные возрастные периоды: при рождении, в возрасте 7, 12, 18 мес. По результатам взвешиваний определен абсолютный прирост, абсолютный среднесуточный прирост живой массы, относительная скорость роста. В период от рождения до 7-месячного возраста, который совпал с летним периодом пастбищного сезона, живая масса бычков увеличилась на 131,4 кг, а телок — на 120,2 кг. Интенсивность роста составила соответственно 625,7 и 572,4 г, что свидетельствует о достаточно хорошей молочности маток. В зимний период (возраст молодняка — от 7 до 12 мес) интенсивность роста резко снизилась: живая масса бычков и телочек составила всего 161,3 и 143,7 кг, со среднесуточными приростами — 94 и 58 г соответственно. С началом вегетации пастбищных растений приросты молодняка по сравнению с зимним периодом резко увеличились. В возрасте от 12 до 18 мес они были равны: 476 г — у бычков и 439 г — у телочек. Общий прирост живой массы бычков за этот период составил 86 кг, у телочек — 79 кг. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о достаточно хорошем развитии молодняка яков алтайской популяции. The growth rate of young yaks of the Altai population, characterized by vigorous growth, was investigated. The growth dynamics of young yaks was studied by determining their live weight at different age periods – at birth and at the age of 7, 12, 18 months. According to the weighing results, the absolute gain, the absolute average daily gain in live weight, and the relative growth rate were determined. In the period from birth to 7 months of age, which coincided with the summer months of the pasture season, the live weight of bull calves increased by 131.4, and heifers — by 120.2 kg, i.e., the growth rate was 625.7 and 572.4 g, respectively, which characterizes a fairly good milk yield of cows. In the winter period (age from 7 to 12 months), the growth rate decreased sharply: the live weight of calves and calves was only 161.3 kg and 143.7 kg, with average daily gains of 94 and 58g, respectively. Subsequently, with the beginning of the growing season of pasture plants, the weight gain of young animals in comparison with the winter period increased sharply. At the age of 12 to 18 months they were equal: 476 g-for steers and 439 g-for heifers. The total increase in live weight of calves during this period was 86 kg, of heifers — 79 kg. The data obtained indicate a fairly good development of young yaks of the Altai population.

scholarly journals ВЛИЯНИЕ КАЧЕСТВА И УРОВНЯ ПРОТЕИНА В РАЦИОНАХ НА ИНТЕНСИВНОСТЬ РОСТА БЫЧКОВ НА ОТКОРМЕ

2019 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
D.G. Pogosyan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Daily Gain

В статье представлены и обобщены результаты многолетних исследований по изучению влияния качества и уровня протеина в рационах на интенсивность роста бычков. В проведённых исследованиях установлено, что улучшение качества протеина в рационах откармливаемых бычков молочных пород в разные периоды роста за счёт снижения распадаемости протеина в рубце на 2,5-6,9 способствует увеличению среднесуточного прироста живой массы молодняка на 2,5-16,4 . Увеличение уровня протеина в рационах интенсивно откармливаемых бычков голштинской и абердин-ангусской пород в возрасте от 3 до 12 месяцев в 1,5 раза за счёт повышения скармливания концентратов позволяет существенно повысить среднесуточный прирост живой массы молодняка на 47 и 30 соответственно.Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University ,Russia, t. (8412) 62-81-51, e-mail: pogosyan.d.gpgau.ru The article presents and summarizes the results of many years of research on the influence of the quality and the level of protein in diets on the growth rate of bull-calves. The studies found that improving the quality of protein in the diets of fattening bull-calves of dairy breeds at different growth periods due to a decrease in protein disintegration in the rumen by 2.5-6.9 contributed to an increase in the average daily gain in live weight of young animals by 2.5-16.4 . An increase in the protein level in the diets of intensively fed calves of Holstein and Aberdeen Angus breeds aged from 3 to 12 months by 1.5 times due to increased feeding of concentrates significantly increased the average daily gain in live weight of young animals by 47 and 30 , respectively.

EFFECTS OF ZERANOL IMPLANTATION ON GROWTH, FEED CONVERSION, TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIORAL TRAITS OF YOUNG BULLS FED FOR SLAUGHTER

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
A. K. W. TONG ◽  
H. DOORNENBAL ◽  
T. TENNESSEN ◽  
G. H. COULTER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Bull Calves

An experiment was conducted to determine whether implantation with zeranol would reduce the aggressive behavior and probability of producing dark-cutting carcasses that characterize slaughter bulls. Thirty-six bull calves were allocated to each of four treatments – nonimplanted bulls, steers castrated at an average age of 101 d, bulls implanted with 36 mg zeranol at an average of 101, 170, 263 and 319 d of age and bulls implanted on the latter three dates only. The results reported include observations of weight gains, linear measurements, scrotal circumferences, serum testosterone concentrations, feed consumption, feed efficiency ratios and behavioral traits. Bulls exceeded steers in weight gain during a feedlot test and in body length after 140 d on feed, but neither implantation treatment significantly affected the growth of bulls. Feed consumption and conversion efficiency were lower in steers than in bulls, but were not significantly affected by implantation. Scrotal circumference measurements and serum testosterone concentrations suggested that implantation reduced testicle development during the preweaning and early postweaning periods, but that this effect diminished or disappeared during the later postweaning period. Implantation depressed aggressive and sexual activity between days 111 and 155 of the feedlot test. When evaluated at 13–14 mo of age, both implanted groups reacted to preslaughter mixing of nonfamiliar animals with equivalent head bunting to, but less mounting activity than, nonimplanted bulls. At 15–16 mo of age, however, the implanted bulls exhibited more head bunting than nonimplanted bulls, and the early implanted group exhibited fully equivalent mounting activity to nonimplanted bulls. The dark-cutting carcass condition was associated with mounting activity during preslaughter lairage. Key words: Slaughter bull, zeranol, growth, linear measurements, testicular development, behavior

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF PLANE OF NUTRITION AND REARING METHOD ON YANKASA LAMBS: GROWTH RATE, SCROTAL DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
G. N. Akpa ◽  
N. I. Dim ◽  
O. A. Osinowo ◽  
E. O. Oyedipe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rearing Method ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Rearing Methods ◽  
Daily Gain

The study examined the effects of plane of nutrition and rearing method on growth rate, increase in scrotal size; and age, body weight and scrotal circumference at puberty, in Yankasa ram lambs. Thirty-six ram lambs and 18 ewe lambs with mean age and body weight of 1453±17.7 days and 10.1 1±2.6kg respectively were used for the four-month trial. Animalswere randomised in a 3x2 factorial design with plane of nutrition at 3 levels (low, medium and high) and rearing method at 2 levels (males alone and mixture of males and females). Plane of nutrition had bighly significant (P<0.01) effect on average daily gain (ADG). Animals on the low, medium and high planes gained daily  66.8±5.5, 77.8±5.6 and 89.0±5.6 respectively. Effects of plane of nutrition and rearing methods on changes in scrotal circumference were not significant. Age, body weight and scrotal circumference at puberty in the ram lambs averaged 232.5±12.7 days, 18.3±0.4 kg and 22.7±3.1 cm respectively. Body weight at puberty averaged 17.2±1.7, 18.6±0.9 and 19.0±1.4 kg for animals fed low, medium and high planes of nutrition respectively.

An analysis of beef cattle growth records available in south-eastern Australia

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (44) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
WE Mason ◽  
RG Beilharz ◽  
R Carraill
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
New South ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Daily Gain

Records of growth to weaning of 1812 calves from seven herds in Victoria and one herd in New South Wales were analysed. The results of the analysis were : 1. Preweaning growth rate of heifers decreased significantly with age at weaning. That of bulls and steers did not. 2. Age of dam had a large effect in all three sexes. Environmental factors (properties, years) affected bull calves more than heifer calves. There were fewer degrees of freedom at these levels of the analysis for steers. 3. Adjustments for age of dam were calculated and are presented (table 3). 4. Heritability estimates were obtained from dam-progeny regressions and intra-class correlations. The heritability of adjusted preweaning average daily gain was about 0.25. Clearly many more records need to be analysed to provide further estimates of heritability.

scholarly journals The influence of perinatal undernutrition of twin-bearing ewes on milk yields and lamb performance and the effects of postnatal nutrition on live weight gain and carcass composition

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Lawlor ◽  
S. P. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain

1. Studies were conducted to measure the influence of perinatal undernutrition of twin-bearing ewes on ewe milk yields and lamb performance in early lactation. Comparative studies were conducted with lambs to measure the effects of postnatal nutrition on lamb performance and carcass composition. The major objective of this work was to determine the extent of the influence of postnatal nutritional deprivation of lambs.2. From 8 weeks prepartum to 4 weeks postpartum each of forty twin-bearing ewes was given daily 0.30 MJ of ME/kg body-weight (W)0.75. Measurements were made of ewe body-weight changes, milk yields during the first 4 weeks of lactation, and of lamb performance.3. There were three postnatal experiments with lambs of ‘light’ and ‘normal’ birth weights, wcaned from the ewes at 72 h. One hundred and four lambs were used and they were individually reared on separate allowances of lamb milk-substitute for 8 weeks. They were subsequently given a lamb concentrate ration. In Expts 1 and 2 the lamb concentrate was fed ad lib. to ‘slaughter’ live weight. In Expt 3 the concentrate was restricted for 8 weeks post weaning and then fed ad lib. A carcass analysis (bone, muscle, fat content) was conducted on all lambs after slaughter. In the first experiment, half the lambs were slaughtered at 8 weeks of age on being weaned off the milk substitute, and a carcass analysis was carried out.4. The mean net body-weight loss per ewe from commencement of late pregnancy to 28 d post partum was 23.8 kg. The over-all mean daily milk yield was 843 g/d. The mean growth rate of the lambs was 97 g/d during the 4-week measurement of ewe milk yields.5. Live weight gain of lambs subjected to restricted milk-substitute allowance (125 g/dry matter (DM) per d) was low, irrespective of lamb birth weight. The average daily gain over the 8-week postnatal period was 86.5 g/d on restricted milk allowance compared with 244 g/d for those fed ad lib. Conversely, the food intake and growth rate of these lambs were almost identical during feeding on ad lib. concentrates. This clearly reflected a response to compensatory food intake which was independent of either birth weight or postnatal milk allowance. The average daily gain of lambs, before weaning, on the restricted milk allowance was very similar to that of the lambs being suckled by ewes subjected to perinatal undernutrition. The effects of postnatal undernutrition of lambs was particularly reflected in the time required to reach ‘slaughter’ live weight. The period of time varied from 117 d for those on ad lib. food intake to 169 d for lambs on restricted food intake.6. The major effect of postnatal undernutrition on carcass composition was evident in the lambs slaughtered at 8 weeks in Expt 1. The percentage carcass fat was 4.7 for those on the low milk allowance. The carcass composition of all lambs at ‘slaughter’ live weight was similar. It would appear that lambs on a restricted milk intake before weaning deposited more fat during the subsequent period of compensatory food intake.7. It is evident from the present results that postnatal growth retardation in lambs reflects either perinatal undernutrition of twin-bearing ewes, or postnatal undernutrition of the lambs due to inadequate milk availability from the dam.

Additional nutritional considerations for preconditioning beef calves.

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipe Moriel
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Supplemental Feed ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Daily Gain

Calves can be preconditioned using a wide variety of supplemental feed ingredients. However, feed ingredient selection is not the only factor to consider during a preconditioning process. Increasing the protein supply to stressed, preconditioning beef steers led to greater growth performance, and increased immune response to vaccination during a 42-day preconditioning period. Producers should not reduce the frequency of concentrate supplementation during the entire preconditioning period as it might lead to poorer vaccine response and average daily gain (consequently, less calf value at sale). However, a gradual reduction of frequency of supplementation is a supplementation strategy that can overcome these negative effects on growth and immunity, and allows producers to save on feeding and labor costs without producing lighter calves that have weaker immune responses.  

scholarly journals 57 Effects of Diploid and Tetraploid Annual Ryegrass Cultivars on Cattle Performance, Herbage Mass, and Nutritive Value

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
Sarah M Montgomery ◽  
Brandi Karisch ◽  
Jane A Parish ◽  
Jesse Morrison ◽  
Brian Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) can be divided into two cytotypes: diploid (2n = 2x) and tetraploid (2n = 4x). Polyploid versions of a given plant species result in increased seedling vigor, more robust growth and, potentially, greater yield. While most data suggest no difference in yield between diploid and tetraploid cultivars, there is still potential for weight gain advantages thanks to increased non-structural carbohydrates in tetraploid cells. The objectives of this study were to compare weight gain of cattle grazing either diploid or tetraploid cultivars of annual ryegrass. Two diploid annual ryegrass cultivars (Marshall and Tam 90) and two tetraploid cultivars (Jumbo and Nelson) were planted in 0.81-ha pastures, each replicated four times. Four steers (mean initial BW = 214 kg) were randomly assigned to each pasture for an 82-d grazing period. Body weights were recorded starting at d0 then every 28 days throughout the season. Data were analyzed in the GLM procedure of SAS using a significance level of α = 0.05. There were significant differences between cytotypes with respect to seasonal yield with diploids (9547.90 kg/ha) yielding greater than tetraploids (7762.00 kg/ha). As expected, ADF and NDF fractions were significantly less for tetraploids (ADF; 31.39%, NDF; 31.39%) compared to diploids (ADF; 33.75%, NDF; 53.25%). Tetraploids also contained significantly greater crude protein (13.50%) than diploids (12.90%). Cytotype had no effect on final average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.9427). However, final ADG was significantly impacted by cultivar (P = 0.0134). Final ADG for Tam 90 (1.10 kg/d) was greater than Marshall (0.92 kg/d). Cattle grazing Nelson (1.04 kg/d) and Jumbo (0.99 kg/d) did not differ. Results show that regardless of differences in seasonal yield and nutritive value between cytotypes, there were no advantages in ADG for cattle grazing either cytotype.

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