SOURCES OF VARIATION IN BEEF CATTLE WEANING WEIGHT

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. DINKEL ◽  
W. L. TUCKER ◽  
D. M. MARSHALL
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Sources Of Variation

Milk production, body condition, body weight and individual feed records for 196 2-yr-old heifers and their calves were used to evaluate sources of variation in weaning weight and its two major components, total energy consumption for the year and efficiency of energy use, defined as weaning weight divided by total energy for cow and calf. Four breed groups of cows including 29 Hereford, 73 Simmental × Hereford, 68 Angus × Hereford and 26 Tarentaise × Hereford were represented over the 6-yr period. Long-horn bulls sired the calves in all but the first 2 yr when Angus bulls were used. Sources of variation were evaluated by fixed model least squares and multiple regression analyses. The least squares analysis indicated the Hereford and Angus × Hereford differed only in level of condition both at calving and at weaning, with the Angus cross slightly fatter. The Simmental cross was highest in calving condition and equal to the Angus in weaning condition. The Simmental and Tarentaise crosses were similar and significantly different from the other breed groups in milk production and weaning weight of first calves. The Tarentaise cross was different from the other three groups in cow weight at weaning, cow efficiency and condition at weaning. The Tarentaise cross and Hereford group had lowest total cow and calf energy consumption, with Simmental cross highest and Angus cross intermediate. The Simmental cross achieved a high weaning weight through high energy consumption and slightly above average efficiency, while the Tarentaise group utilized high efficiency along with low energy consumption. The breed of dam by sex of calf interaction was significant for cow efficiency which has some implication for efficiency experiments that depend on group feeding. Standard partial regressions indicated that year followed by cow condition at weaning and milk production were leading sources of variation in weaning weight and efficiency. Year and cow weight at weaning were leading sources for total energy consumption. Cow weight at weaning was of least importance in determining weaning weight and efficiency. Key words: Weaning weight, cow efficiency, energy consumption, beef cattle

Application of Legendre Polynomial in Predicting Total Energy Consumption

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 1627-1630
Author(s):  
Hong Qin Zhang ◽  
Lai Bin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Legendre Polynomial ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Least Squares Fitting ◽  
Fitting Method

Based on statistical data of National Statistical Bureau of China, and given the least-squares fitting of Legendre polynomial, the data of total energy consumption from 1978 to 2012 is analyzed by least squares method and Legendre polynomial least squares method respectively. The results showed that Legendre polynomial least squares fitting method is excellent and the data of total energy consumption from 2013 to 2016 is predicted by this method.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT RETROFIT POTENTIAL FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICES IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 03-17
Author(s):  
Gazal Dandia ◽  
◽  
Pratheek Sudhakaran ◽  
Chaitali Basu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
The Cost

Introduction: High energy consumption by buildings is a great threat to the environment and one of the major causes of climate change. With a population of 1.4 billion people and one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, India is extremely vital for the future of global energy markets. The energy demand for construction activities continues to rise and it is responsible for over one-third of global final energy consumption. Currently, buildings in India account for 35% of total energy consumption and the value is growing by 8% annually. Around 11% of total energy consumption are attributed to the commercial sector. Energy-efficient retrofitting of the built environments created in recent decades is a pressing urban challenge. Presently, most energy-efficient retrofit projects focus mainly on the engineering aspects. In this paper, we evaluate various retrofitting options, such as passive architectural interventions, active technological interventions, or a combination of both, to create the optimum result for the selected building. Methods: Based on a literature study and case examples, we identified various energy-efficient retrofit measures, and then examined and evaluated those as applied to the case study of Awas Bhawan (Rajasthan Housing Board Headquarters), Jaipur, India. For the evaluation, we developed a simulation model using EQuest for each energy measure and calculated the resultant energy savings. Then, based on the cost of implementation and the cost of energy saved, we calculated the payback period. Finally, an optimum retrofit solution was formulated with account for the payback period and ease of installation. Results and discussion: The detailed analysis of various energy-efficient retrofit measures as applied to the case study indicates that the most feasible options for retrofit resulting in optimum energy savings with short payback periods include passive architecture measures and equipment upgrades.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Structure of Energy Consumption in Educational Buildings in Poland After Thermal Retrofitting

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Anna Życzyńska ◽  
Zbigniew Suchorab ◽  
Grzegorz Dyś ◽  
Jakub Čurpek ◽  
Miroslav Čekon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Educational Buildings

AbstractThe paper presents the structure and indices of the annual energy consumption in educational buildings subject to comprehensive thermal retrofitting. Seven buildings were analyzed; the energy consumption for heating and ventilation, hot water preparation, and built-in lighting was analyzed in each of them and, in the case of one structure, also cooling. The indices of the usable, final, and primary energy consumption were analyzed. The values calculated were compared to the requirements of the energy standards in force in Poland. The percentage shares of the above-mentioned energy demands of each of the buildings investigated are given in the total energy performance. Within the investigation, we evaluated the shares of the particular building services in the total energy consumption and determined that even after the thermal retrofitting, the energy demands for heating together with lighting are still the most significant compared to the other demands.

Energy savings potential of new aeration system: Full scale trials

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lazić ◽  
V. Larsson ◽  
Å. Nordenborg
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Fine Bubble ◽  
Aeration Control

The objective of this work is to decrease energy consumption of the aeration system at a mid-size conventional wastewater treatment plant in the south of Sweden where aeration consumes 44% of the total energy consumption of the plant. By designing an energy optimised aeration system (with aeration grids, blowers, controlling valves) and then operating it with a new aeration control system (dissolved oxygen cascade control and most open valve logic) one can save energy. The concept has been tested in full scale by comparing two treatment lines: a reference line (consisting of old fine bubble tube diffusers, old lobe blowers, simple DO control) with a test line (consisting of new Sanitaire Silver Series Low Pressure fine bubble diffusers, a new screw blower and the Flygt aeration control system). Energy savings with the new aeration system measured as Aeration Efficiency was 65%. Furthermore, 13% of the total energy consumption of the whole plant, or 21 000 €/year, could be saved when the tested line was operated with the new aeration system.

scholarly journals Energy Recovery Potential in Industrial and Municipal Wastewater Networks Using Micro-Hydropower in Spain

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Aida Mérida García ◽  
Juan Antonio Rodríguez Díaz ◽  
Jorge García Morillo ◽  
Aonghus McNabola
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Recovery Potential

The use of micro-hydropower (MHP) for energy recovery in water distribution networks is becoming increasingly widespread. The incorporation of this technology, which offers low-cost solutions, allows for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions linked to energy consumption. In this work, the MHP energy recovery potential in Spain from all available wastewater discharges, both municipal and private industrial, was assessed, based on discharge licenses. From a total of 16,778 licenses, less than 1% of the sites presented an MHP potential higher than 2 kW, with a total power potential between 3.31 and 3.54 MW. This total was distributed between industry, fish farms and municipal wastewater treatment plants following the proportion 51–54%, 14–13% and 35–33%, respectively. The total energy production estimated reached 29 GWh∙year−1, from which 80% corresponded to sites with power potential over 15 kW. Energy-related industries, not included in previous investigations, amounted to 45% of the total energy potential for Spain, a finding which could greatly influence MHP potential estimates across the world. The estimated energy production represented a potential CO2 emission savings of around 11 thousand tonnes, with a corresponding reduction between M€ 2.11 and M€ 4.24 in the total energy consumption in the country.

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