AN ETHOGRAM OF WHITE LEGHORN-TYPE HENS IN BATTERY CAGES

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. WEBSTER ◽  
J. F. HURNIK
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Behavioral Adaptation ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Behavioral States ◽  
Physical Displacement ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this study was to record the ethogram of White Leghorn-type hens in cages and to note changes in behavior over the course of the laying period. Three hundred and eighty-four hens derived from two male parental stocks were randomly assigned as pairs to the cages of two three-tiered, semi-stairstep batteries. Hens within pairs were of the same stock, and the batteries were in the same room. The laying phase comprised 13 28-d periods and on the first 4 d of periods 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 video recordings were made of eight cages per day. Each cage was observed on 1 d only. The levels of occurrence of a variety of behavioral states were estimated from 60 records of the behavior of each hen obtained over an 8-h interval. Head flicking was the most prevalent of its group of mutually exclusive behavioral states, followed by eating and preening. Cage pecking appeared stereotyped in many hens, but, at a frequency of 5% of observations, was not unusually prevalent. Bobbing was primarily a prelaying behavior indicative of the restlessness prior to oviposition typical of White Leghorn hens in cages. Hens were on their feet for more than 75% of the time of observation. Physical displacement of a hen by its cagemate was commonplace. Eating was negatively correlated with head flicking and preening. Walking and bobbing were positively correlated with physical displacement. Hens became less active with time in cages, possibly due to an age effect or to behavioral adaptation to the cage environment. A second trend in behavior over time may be related to changes in levels of egg production or feed consumption. Key words: Ethogram, behavior, laying hen, battery cage

SUBSTITUTION OF SORGHUM FOR WHEAT IN DIETS FOR LAYING HENS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. GARDINER ◽  
D. J. MAJOR ◽  
S. DUBETZ
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Single Comb

The effects of substituting various levels of sorghum for wheat in diets for laying hens were studied. Egg production, egg weight, feed consumption, body weight and hatchability of eggs from Single Comb White Leghorn hens were not affected by the proportion of sorghum in the diet. Key words: Sorghum, wheat, nutrition, egg production

Effect of Supplementation of Multi Enzymes on Production Performance and Egg Quality Traits in White Leghorn Layers

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pandian ◽  
A. Sundaresan ◽  
A. V. Omprakash
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

The present study was conducted to assess the effect of supplementation of Multi-enzymes with lysophospholipids on production performance of pure line White Leghorn layers. Body weights before and after the experiment did not differ significantly across the experimental diets. Irrespective of the dietary treatments, the birds gained 3.83 per cent of live weight relative to its initial body weight. Mean per cent Hen housed egg production was significantly (Pis less than 0.05) higher in diet supplemented with 0.10 MEC-L than other groups. Mean egg weight and average daily feed consumption during 25 to 35 weeks of age indicated no significant effect of enzyme supplementation. Average daily feed consumption per bird in control, 0.05 % and 0.1% multi-enzyme supplemented groups was 108.13, 105.66 and 107.67 g respectively and birds offered control diet recorded numerically more feed intake than enzyme supplemented groups. Comparatively low feed per egg was observed in 0.10 per cent group followed by 0.05 per cent group which offers economic benefits than control diets. However, the egg quality traits between different dietary enzyme supplementation groups showed no significant difference.

Effects of cage population and stocking density on the performance of layers in Queensland

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (76) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Connor ◽  
HW Burton
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Cage Size ◽  
Cage Population ◽  
Production Characteristics

Three commercial egg production strains, a White Leghorn and two White Leghorn x Australorp, were used in two experiments which examined the effects of cage size and number of birds per cage on production characteristics. Nine cage housing systems varying from a 23 cm frontage single bird cage to a 61 cm frontage cage housing seven birds were compared. The efficacy of debeaking again at 12 or 20 weeks of age following routine debeaking at five days of age as a cannibalism control measure in a comparison of five housing systems was examined in another two experiments. Further experiments examined the practice of housing birds according to body weight in either one, two or three bird cage populations. Increasing bird numbers per cage or stocking density had little effect on egg weight, feed consumption or liveweight gain but decreased egg production and increased mortality in experiments where cannibalism was a significant cause of death. Hen housed egg production was an accurate measure of bird performance for comparison of housing systems. In experiments where additional debeaking was carried out the incidence of cannibalism was insignificant and debeaking at 12 or 20 weeks had no detrimental effect on bird performance. No strain x cage housing system interactions were observed and no improvement in performance resulted from housing birds in multiple bird cages according to liveweight.

THE EFFECT OF PHASE-FEEDING ON EGG PRODUCTION AND EGG QUALITY OF WINTER-HOUSED WHITE LEGHORN HENS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. CAVE ◽  
R. M. G. HAMILTON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Variable Effect

Two experiments with nine strains of Single Comb White Leghorn hens were conducted to compare laying house performance of hens given a diet of uniform protein content or a phase-feeding diet in which protein content was reduced from 156 to 148 and then to 140 g/kg at 273 and 414, or 273 and 384 days of age. Performance criteria were egg production, feed and protein intake, egg, quality, egg weight, mortality and body weight. Phase-feeding allowed reductions of 4.2 and 4.3% in protein consumption without reducing egg production, mortality or, except in one strain, body weight. There was an increase of 0.5% in feed consumption, but feed cost was reduced by 1.3%. Phase-feeding increased Haugh units by 0.3% and decreased specific gravity of eggs in one experiment, decreased percent visibly-cracked eggs in the other experiment and had no effect on percent blood spots. Depending on strain, phase-feeding had a variable effect on egg weight in exp. 1 but had no effect in the second experiment. Key words: Phase-feeding, protein utilization, egg production, hen

scholarly journals Evaluating the effects of crab meal, Carophyll Red®, and Carophyll Yellow® in laying hen diets on egg yolk pigmentation and production performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek M Anderson ◽  
Janice L MacIssac ◽  
Michelle A Daniel ◽  
Tara L MacKinnon ◽  
Krista L Budgell
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

A total of 480 Babcock White Leghorn hens (65 wk of age) were randomly assigned to one of five diets [wheat-based control (C), 10 g t–1 Carophyll Red® (CR), 20 g t–1 Carophyll Yellow® (CY), 10 g t–1 CR + 20 g t–1 CY (CR + CY), 80 kg t–1 crab meal (CM)] for 60 d. There was no effect of treatment on egg production. There was an increase in red pigmentation (a* score) on day 45 among treatments supplemented with CR, CR + CY and CM when compared with C and CY. The laying hen was capable of depositing the natural carotenoid supplied by the CM into the egg yolk. Key words: Laying hen, crab meal, carotenoids, astaxanthin, yolk pigmentation

scholarly journals Produktivitas Ayam Petelur Strain Isa Brown Pada Umur 24 – 28 Minggu

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
D Sulaiman ◽  
N Irwani ◽  
K Maghfiroh
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Production Capability

Laying hens are adult hens that are specially kept for their eggs. This chicken has a high egg production capability. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the level of productivity of ISA Brown strain laying hens aged 24-28 weeks, by calculating and comparing ration consumption standards, Hen Day Production (HDP), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), and mortality in laying hens CV Bisco Farm Talang Jawa Village, Merbau Mataram District, South Lampung Regency. The method used in the preparation is directly involved in conducting maintenance, discussion, study literature, and direct interviews. Feed consumption is 101 grams/bird /day, daily egg production or Hen Day Production (HDP) averaged 92.77%, the average FCR value was 1.89, and the mortality rate was 0.07%. Key words : layer, egg productivity, performance

scholarly journals TUDIES ON THE DESIGN OF COMPARATIVE POULTR Y TEST S: 1. A COMPARISON OF THREE STRAINS OF WHITE LEGHORNS HOUSED IN REPLICATED FIFTY-BIRD PENS AND INTERMINGLED IN A LARGE PEN

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Proudfoot ◽  
B. F. Cheney ◽  
R. S. Gowe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Cost

An experiment was conducted to estimate the magnitude of the pen effects and to compare the performance of three genetically different S.C. White Leghorn strains in twelve small pens (50-bird size) and a large intermingled group (a pen of 677 birds).There were no significant pen effects for any traits. The repeatability (intra-class correlations) estimates for all traits measured were relatively high: hen-housed egg production,.83; survivor egg production,.77; 160-day body weight,.93; March body weight,.94; laying-house mortality,.47; and feed efficiency,.84.Although strain differences were highly significant, there was no difference in egg production or mortality between the birds in the small pens and in the large intermingled group, and no evidence of any strain × replicate interaction.On the basis of this study, it is concluded that there is no advantage to intermingling strains after housing in order to compare their genetic merit, when an adequate number of uniformly equipped small pens are available and the management of the pens is very similar. There are two main disadvantages to intermingling strains, namely, the loss of feed consumption data, and the cost of trapnesting the birds in the test.

Effects on Feed Consumption and Egg Production of Coffee Bean Seed (Cassia obtusifolia) Fed to White Leghorn Hens

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Page ◽  
Stan Vezey ◽  
O. W. Charles ◽  
Terry Hollifield
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia

EGG PRODUCTION OF TWO BREEDS OF LAYING HENS IN A HEATED AND AN UNHEATED HOUSE UNDER RIGOROUS WINTER CONDITIONS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
J. L. Tessier ◽  
M. Hidiroglou ◽  
L. A. Charette
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Winter Conditions

An experiment was conducted during three consecutive winters (1955–56, 1956–57, and 1957–58) to determine the effects of rigorous climatic conditions on egg production and feed consumption by laying hens.Two breeds of birds (White Leghorn and Barred Plymouth Rock) were housed in an unheated and a heated house.The results indicate no significant adverse effects of the colder house on egg production.The saving in feed consumption in the heated house did not make up for the added cost of heating, which amounted to $1.01 per bird.

scholarly journals Using Cartographies to Map Time and Space in Teacher Learning in and Outside School

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 160940692199290
Author(s):  
Paulo Padilla-Petry ◽  
Fernando Hernández-Hernández ◽  
Joan-Anton Sánchez-Valero
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Teacher Learning ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pedagogical Relations ◽  
Over Time

This article explores the relations between teachers’ visual cartographies and oral narratives to better understand the spatial and temporal relations on teacher learning. It builds on a research project whose main questions were: 1) How and where do secondary school teachers learn to teach? 2) What are the consequences of this learning in their pedagogical relations and their students’ learning processes and results? Since narrative research has been a common way of approaching the subject and have led to an emphasis on learning as a journey across contexts and over time, some of its contributions to explore teachers’ learning paths are theoretically discussed, and visual methods, particularly cartographies, are also examined. Furthermore, the article presents the analysis of cartographies and video recordings of 29 secondary school teachers focusing on the interactions in different spaces and moments in time described by them. Findings suggest that learning to be a teacher may happen in interactions with objects, people and spaces beyond the boundaries of school, university and formal places of training and learning. They also show that the rhizomatic character of the cartographies may not prevent teleological thinking or the idea that any kind of learning is purposeful. Finally, this paper concludes that teachers’ learning does not fit the representational frame that distinguishes between formal contents and leisure activities, classrooms and private spaces, lessons and bodies, emotions and knowledge.

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