scholarly journals BIRTH WEIGHT IN CALVES AND ITS RELATION TO GROWTH RATES FROM BIRTH TO WEANING AND WEANING TO SLAUGHTER

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. BAILEY ◽  
G. J. MEARS
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Fixed Weight ◽  
Mature Size

Holstein steers and Hereford and Angus bulls were separated from their dams at 2 d of age and supplied fixed amounts of energy in relation to live weight between birth and 100 kg liveweight. Within individuals, relative weight gain (g kg−1 d−1) was constant between birth and weaning at 100 kg, and was taken as a measure of inherent growth efficiency. Constancy of relative weight gain indicates that the weight of body substance deposited daily is proportional to the weight of the growing mass. As a consequence, the smaller the birth weight, the lower the absolute daily gain at any given age up to weaning. Variations in birth weight and relative weight gain before weaning were together shown to account for nearly all the variance in absolute weight gain, and variation in birth weight per se was responsible for between 36 and 60% of it. The Hereford and Angus bulls were supplied uniform amounts of energy in relation to liveweight from 100 to 500 kg liveweight, when they were slaughtered. Birth weight was positively correlated with post-weaning daily weight gain and negatively with both energetic efficiency of weight gain and the proportion of fat in the carcass gain. It appeared that these relationships were the result of an association between birth weight and mature weight since, over any fixed weight interval, cattle of large mature size gain faster, and deposit less fat, than cattle of small mature size. Key words: Birth weight, growth, efficiency, cattle

scholarly journals The Effect of Selected Factors on the Growth Ability of Charolais Cattle

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Toušová ◽  
Jaromír Ducháček ◽  
Luděk Stádník ◽  
Martin Ptáček ◽  
Jan Beran
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Charolais Cattle

The aim of this work was to analyze the growth abilities of bull and heifer calves (n = 190) of the Charolais breed calved in one herd from 2006 to 2011. The evaluation was carried out during the period of calf raising, focusing to the effects of sex, parity and the mating method on live birth weight (BLW) and the live weight at 120 (LW120), 210 (LW210) and 365 (LW365) days of life, as well as the average daily weight gain reached by the age of 120 (G120), 210 (G210), and 365 (G365) days. Statistical analysis was carried out with the use of the SAS 9.3 program. The effect of sex on the live weight and average daily weight gain was statistically significant on the level of P < 0.01 always in favour of the bull calves (BLW +3.05 kg, LW120 +29.35 kg, LW210 +36.98 kg, and LW365 +117.23 kg). The lowest live birth weight was detected in the calves of primiparous cows (BLW = 45.46 kg; P < 0.01). The higher parity, the higher live birth weight was determined, with maximum values in cows from the fourth calving. The trends were similar in live weight at 120, 210 and 365 days of age, when significance level was P < 0.05. The parity effect on the average daily weight gain (G120, G210 a G365) was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). The effect of embryo transfer (ET) and other commonly used reproduction methods (insemination and natural mating, AI/PP) was evaluated as well as. The calves born after embryo transfer showed a significantly (P < 0.01) higher the live birth weight as well as weight at different ages (BLW +5.85 kg, LW120 +18.15 kg, LW210 +22.94 kg and LW365 +35.43 kg), and G120 only (+100 g×day−1; P < 0.05). These results pointed the suitability of using the biotechnological reproduction methods, especially in relation to the total weight of the reared and fattened animals.

scholarly journals FATTENING AND SLAUGHTER RESULTS ANALYSIS OF HEREFORD BREED BULLS BORN IN DIFFERENT SEASONS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga MUIZNIECE ◽  
Daina KAIRISA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The aim of this study was to explain the birth season effect on Hereford bulls fattening results. The research was made within the project ‘Baltic Grassland Beef’ framework in years 2015 and 2016. Data about 41 Herford purebred bull was used in the research, grown in different farms of Latvia. Bulls were slaughtered in certified slaughterhouse ‘Agaras’ (Lithuania). The average birth weight of the Hereford breed bulls was in border from 42.9 – 45.0 kg. The lowest birth weight was on spring season born bulls – 42.9 kg, but the highest on winter season born bulls - 45.0. Average realization age of bull’s, in the research groups, was on range from 567 days to 661 days. Bulls born on autumn and winter before slaughtering were significantly older, respectively 661 and 655 days with live weight of 519.9 kg un 542.1 kg. On spring born bulls with age 600 days reached the biggest live weight – 542.0 kg, respectively these group bulls average daily weight gain from birth to slaughter per day was the biggest among all the groups – 831.9 g. The highest slaughter weight showed on autumn and winter seasons born bulls, respectively 275.5 kg and 274.8 kg. In the research groups on different seasons born bulls conformation score was from points 2.4 to 2.6. All the bull’s carcass in the research groups were evaluated as 2nd and 3rd fat class. between the age before slaughter and average daily weight gain from birth to slaughter there is an important negative correlation (from r = -0.858 to = -0.977, p&amp;amp;lt;0.05), except on spring season born bulls.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF REPLACEMENT HEIFERS RELATED TO THE DIFFERENT GENEALOGICAL LINES OF THE SIMMENTAL BREED IN THE POST-NATAL ONTOGENY

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Maria Kohut
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Line P ◽  
Research Period

The results of the replacement heifers of the Simmental breed, related to milk and meat producing bred types, in the post-natal ontogeny are represented. Practically no difference in the live birth weight indexes between the heifer-daughters of the bull Imago 9371649727 (Redad's line) was found out. Similar result was observed between the heifer-daughters of the bull Vickht 932375771 (Horrora's line). The live weight was high enough which is typical for the Simmental Combined Breed. Heifers of the both lines exceeded the breed Standart in their live-weight. However, the trend of higher live-weight was demonstrated by the heifers in the Redad¢s line during the research period. The most expressed difference of the live-weight between the heifers of the both lines was demonstrated by the heifers from the Redad's line at the age of 18 months. Their live-weight was 410,3 kg or more. It was 23,6 kg (6,1 %, p≤0,01) heavier in comparison with the heifers in Horrora's line and exceed the breed standards by 30,3 kg (7,9 %). It was figured out that the average daily weight gain was higher in the heifers from the Redad¢s line. At the age of 13-18 months and 0-18 months the heifers in the Redad's line exceed heifers in the Horrora's line by 15,8 % (p≤0,001, p≤0,01) and 6,8 % accordingly. The heifers of the both lines have strong structure, well-developed skeleton and muscles. They are compact, proportionally developed animals with wide chest and strong limbs. But the heifers of the Redad's had bigger torso diameter and at the age of 18 months were characterized by the greater high at withers, by the oblique body line (p≤0,01, p≤0,05), and also by the bigger chest girth between the shoueder blades (p≤0,01). There were no other differences in torso measurement between the heifers from the both lines. The leggy index naturally decreases with age. Slight increase in the mass index and in exterior is observed in heifers from the Horrora's line at the age of 18 months.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BLACK-AND-WHITE REPLACEMENT HEIFERS DEPENDING ON THE ORIGIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
A.I. Lyubimov ◽  
◽  
Yu.V. Isupova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Udmurt Republic

The study analysed absolute, average daily and relative live weight growth indices in replacement of the holstein friesian (black-and-white) heifers for the breeding period. The study was conducted at AO (JSC) «Uchkhoz Iyulskoe Izhevsk state agricultural academy» in Votkinsk district of Udmurt Republic. Also, the study focused on dynamics of body measurements in the young animals of different origin from birth to the age of 12 months. Maintenance and feeding conditions met the physiological requirements. The heifers demonstrated the highest growth indices at the age of 6–9 months. The absolute weight gain was 67,8 kg, the average daily weight gain was 753,5 g. As for the dynamics of body measurements a significant increase was observed up to the age of 6 months. Height measurements increased by an average of 11–15 cm, oblique body length rose by 20 cm, chest measurements increased by 8–30 cm, hip width grew by 9 cm and shank measurements increased by 2 cm on average for the study period. Depending on the origin, it was found that heifers of the lines by R. Sovering and V.B. Ideal had the highest absolute and average daily weight values at the age of 9 months, they were 73,6 kg, 817,3 g and 69,1 kg, 768,2 g, respectively. M. Chiftain’s line heifers showed the lowest growth indices in all of the analysed age periods. Heifers of the line by V.B. Ideal demonstrated the greatest increase in body measurements with age. Up to the age of 6 months, their main body measurements exceeded other line heifers by 6–10 cm. From the age of 9 months, the largest increase in measurements was observed in R. Sovering’ line heifers, these indices were higher by 2–3 cm than in other line heifers.

THE LIVE WEIGHT GROWTH OF BULLS OF DIFFERENT BREEDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
A. V. Dymchuk ◽  
O. I. Lyubynskyy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Mathematical Statistics ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Born ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Weight Growth

The studies of the dynamics results of body weight, absolute and daily average, relative increases averaging bulls of Ukrainian black-and-white and Ukrainian red-and-white dairy cattle. Researches are conducted in the conditions of POSP «Napadivske» Kalyinivka district of the Vinnytsya area after materials of primary pedigree account. In an economy use the whole-year of the same type feeding. In the structure of ration 40% make the concentrated sterns and also high-quality silage and soilage. Average daily increases of bulls for period of age to realization for a slaughter made over 1000 grammes. The dynamics of growth of living mass, absolute, average daily and relative increases of bulls, is analysed Ukrainian black-and-white and Ukrainian red-and-white dairy cattle. Living mass and weight gain researches of age to 12-monthly age with an interval in 3 months after the generally accepted methods. Materials of researches are worked out the methods of mathematical statistics with the use of programmatic package of Statistica 8.0. Living mass of bulls of the second group at birth made 36,3 kg, that anymore on 0,8 kg by comparison to new-born bulls of the first group. In all next periods living mass of animals of the second group was greater as compared to the animals of the same age of the first. In 3 months advantage made 1,7 kg, in 6 months – 4,6 kg (P>0,95), in 9 months – 8,8 kg (P>0,95), in 12 months – 12,5 kg (P>0,99). Difference of absolute increases of bulls of the second group above the bulls of the same age of the first of age to to 3-monthly age made 0,8 kg in behalf of animals of the second group. In a period 3-6 months a difference is after this index between the first and second groups made 2,9 kg in behalf of the last. In periods 6-9 and reliable advantage of animals of the second group is 9-12 months set above the bulls of the same age of the first on 4,1 kg (P>0,95) and 3,7 kg (P>0,95) accordingly. In a period of age to 18-monthly age absolute increases of bulls of the second group were greater by comparison to bulls first on 12,5 kg (R>0,99). Average daily increases of bulls of the second group of age to 3-monthly age made 763,0 grammes, that anymore on 8,9 grammes by comparison to bulls of the first group. In periods 3-6 months the average daily increases of animals of the second group prevailed the bulls of the same age of the first on 32,6 grammes. In a period 6-9 months the average daily increases of animals of the second group were made by 1045,9 grammes, that for certain anymore on 45,9 grammes (P>0,95) by comparison to the bulls of the same age of the first. Maximal increases of bulls were in a period 9-12 months and made 1210,4 grammes in the animals of the second group and 1168,9 grammes – for the bulls of the same age of the first, that for certain anymore on 41,5 grammes (P>0,95). In a period of age to 12-monthly age the average daily increases of bulls of the second group were made by 970,6 grammes, that was for certain anymore on 31,8 grammes (R>0,99) by comparison to the bulls of the same age of the first group. Relative increases of bulls of both groups were high. From birth to 3-monthly age greater increases had bulls of the first group – 97,8%, and in periods 3-6, 6-9 and 9-12 months greater were increases of bulls of the same age of the second group – 56,4; 40,1 and 32,4% accordingly. For all probed periods of reliable advantage it is not discovered between the compared groups. It is set researches, that at the identical terms of feeding and maintenance more rapid bulls grow Ukrainian red-and-white dairy cattle. In all age-old periods they prevailed the bulls of the same age of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cattle, in a that number, beginning from 9-monthly age, advantage was reliable (P>0,95–0,99). Average daily increases of bulls of two breeds were the least in a period of age to to 3-monthly age – 754,1-763,0 grammes, and most in a period 9-12 months – 1168,9–1210,4 grammes.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal as Substitute of Fishmeal in Diets for Layer Chicks and Growers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6074
Author(s):  
Esther Khayanga Sumbule ◽  
Mary Kivali Ambula ◽  
Isaac Maina Osuga ◽  
Janice Ghemoh Changeh ◽  
David Miano Mwangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
The Impact

The acceptance of eco-friendly black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) as sustainable alternative protein ingredient in poultry feeds continues to gain momentum worldwide. This study evaluates the impact of BSFLM in layer chick and grower diets on the growth, carcass quality and economic returns. Mean weekly weight gain and total live weight per chick and grower varied significantly. The highest final weight gain was achieved when birds were provided diet with 25.6% BSFLM. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADG) and overall weight gain of the chick varied significantly, except for the feed conversion ratio (FCR). For grower birds, ADFI, ADG, FCR and overall weight gain did not vary significantly across the various feeding regimes. The weight of the wings and drumsticks had a quadratic response with a maximum weight obtained at 33% inclusion of BSFLM. The weight of the internal organs were not significantly affected by dietary types. Positive cost–benefit ratio and return on investment was recorded for diet types with higher BSFLM inclusion levels (>75%). Diets with 25% and 100% BSFLM inclusion were the most suitable and cost-effective, respectively. Thus, BSFLM represents a promising alternative source of protein that could be sustainably used in the poultry industries.

A comparison of the Charolais, British Friesian and Hereford breeds as sires of crossbred singlesuckled calves for beef production

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Haycock ◽  
D. A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Beef Cattle Production ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYIn three successive years cows from an Aberdeen Angus cross Shorthorn herd were mated to pedigree Charolais, British Friesian and Hereford bulls. A comparison of the progeny of the three breeds of sire under controlled conditions was therefore possible using a random selection of dams for mating, and identical rearing of the calves. Results for live-weight gain of the suckled progeny were analysed and showed superiority of the Charolais breed over the other two when used in this form of beef cattle production.For birth weights and daily live-weight gains, particularly during the grazing period, the Charolais cross progeny showed superiority over the other two. There was a consistent although not always statistically significant tendency for these differences between the breed crosses to occur in the male calves only, the females showing little difference between breeds. The data also showed highly significant relationships between gestation period and birth weight, both within and between breed crosses.

scholarly journals Effect of mineral protein suplements on live weight gain of grazing cattle

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1643-1648
Author(s):  
Lucas Alberto Teixeira de Rezende ◽  
Júlio César Teixeira ◽  
Antônio Ricardo Evangelista ◽  
Juan Ramón Olalquiaga Pérez ◽  
Joel Augusto Muniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Control Protein

This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of supplements based on non-protein nitrogen (NPN) as: urea, amirea and multinutritional block, on live weight gain and cost analysis for cattle kept in pastures. During a period of 104 days(April to July 2004), 40 crossbreed bulls, uncastrated and initial average weight of 379kg, were allocated into 4 paddocks with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, in continuous pasture system receiving, in troughs, the following treatments: mineral salt (control), protein supplement containing amirea, protein supplement containing urea and multinutritional block. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with repetition within the block. Results of availability bromatological composition of pasture, supplement consumption and daily weight gain of animals were evaluated in two experimental sub-periods: 0 to 45 and 45 to 90 days. In the first sub-period, there was no effect of treatments (P>0.05) on daily weight gain but in the second sub-period, the multinutritional block showed smaller (P<0.05) weight gain than the ones which were similar among themselves, being: 0.60; 0.59; 0.61 and 0.22kg/animal/day, respectively, for the treatments with mineral salt, amirea, urea and multinutritional block. Before these edafoclimatic conditions, the period and duration of the experiment, the supplementation with mineral salt provided the higher profit.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE UTILIZATION OF COOKED SOYBEANS AND FISHMEAL-GROUNDNUT CAKE MIXTURE IN DIETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
J. A. Agunbiade ◽  
A. B. Odufuwa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A 4 week experiment involving 45 growing albino rats was carried out to assess the nutritional utilization of cooked full-fat soybean (CFFS) as a major source of dietary protein relative to that of the protein concentrates fishmeal-groundnut cake mixture and the response to supplementation of the cooked soybeans with 2g DL-methionine/kg diet and/or 2g L-lysine/kg diet. Feed intake (FI), average daily weight gain (DLG),. feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed cost (FC) per unit live-weight gain, (FC/WG) were measured, No significant effect of the various dietary treatments was observed on PER and FCIWG. However, the incorporation of CFFS either alone or in conjunction with either of both lysine and methionine significantly improved Fl and FCR (P< 0.05) and also DLG (P< 0.01) over the control fish-groundnut meal ration. Supplementation of CFFS with lysine either alone or along with methionine appeared unwarranted as methionine supplementation alone resulted in similar or slightly better efficiency of protein (0.247) and overall feed (0.596) utilization. From the results obtained, it appears that maize-based CFFS diet supplemented with 2 g/kg DL-methionine may be applicable for lion- ruminant feeding. However, since this level of methionine supplementation only provides for 67% of rat requirement, it is suggested that further studies with higher methionine levels be conducted.

scholarly journals PVMS based on the lupine grain and amido-concentrative additives for young cattle feeding

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
V. Radchikov ◽  
V. Tzai ◽  
G. Besarab ◽  
S. Piluk ◽  
S. Serguchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Productivity Cost ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Young Cattle

The protein, vitamin and mineral supplements have been developed and it was studied the efficiency of feeding with them the young cattle in the composition of the grain production. The scientific and farm experiment has been carried out during 62 days. The study was conducted in four groups of bulls with 12 heads in each. The initial live weight at the beginning of the study was about 300–310 kg. Differences in feeding were in the fact that the grain forage for young animals of group I included PVMS No. 1, II – PVMS No. 2, III –PVMS No.3, IV – PVMS No 4. The grain feed is represented mainly by barley. The protein, vitamin and mineral supplement replenished 20 % of the deficient protein. It was discovered that concentration of hydrogen ions was practically at the same level in the rumen contents of steers of different groups. As for level of ammonia, VFA, total nitrogen, ciliates in the young cattle of I, II and III groups, the differences were insignificant. The concentration of ammonia of group IVcompared to I, II and III group was higher by 15.58, 23.61 and 21.9 %, VFA – by 6.7, 19.4 and 11.1 %, total nitrogen – by 3.32, 31.44 and 24.03 %, ciliates – by 4.35, 14.29 and 9.09 %, respectively. The research results showed that digestibility of protein, fiber and BEV was higher in the fourth group by 1–7 % compared with the rest groups (P>0.05). A slight increase in nitrogen deposition was found in IV group of young animals (by 4.7–11.9 %) receiving PVMS with AFA as a source of protein. The use of calcium and phosphorus by animals was almost at the same level. The research helped to determine that the average daily weight gain of animals of all the groups was within the range 629–710 g. The highest was in the fourth group consuming PVMS No. 4 with AFA as a protein component; the second place in terms is occupied by group I – 660 g, consuming PVMS No. 2, which included lupine, AFA and standard DKMK No. 1; PVMS No. 3 with depleted phosphate used as a source of phosphorus, took the last place in terms of this indicator – 629 g. Feed cost per 1 kg of weight gain was the lowest in IV group – 8.77 feed units, in I, II and III groups, it was higher by 8.32 %; 13.68 and 10.83 %, respectively. The cost of sold products from one animal during experiment turned out to be higher for steers that received PVMS No. 4 as compared to I, II and III groups by 6.82, 11.36 and 9.1 %, respectively. Keywords: feed additive, additives, steers, growth energy, digestibility, hematological parameters, live weight, productivity, cost price.

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