NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF TRITICALE, WHEAT AND RYE GROWN IN ATLANTIC CANADA USING RATS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067-1074
Author(s):  
D. M. ANDERSON ◽  
A.-M. ST. LAURENT ◽  
ANN FILLMORE
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Additional Sample

Triticale (T) (cv. Trillium and Beauguelita), wheat (W) (cv. Belvedere) and rye (R) (cv. Kodiak) were evaluated in two growth trials with weanling Sprague-Dawley rats (10 per treatment) and in a metabolism trial with larger rats (body weight > 250 g). In trial 1, protein efficiency ratios (PER) were determined using 10% crude protein (CP) diets where the CP came exclusively from T-Beauguelita, T-Trillium, New Brunswick (NB) grown W-Belvedere, R-Kodiak (1984 or 1986 crop) or casein. Weight gain on both samples of R-Kodiak (avg. 64.4 g) was greater (P < 0.05) than on T-Beaguelita or W-Belvedere NB (45.5 and 38.3 g, respectively). The PER for casein (3.05) was higher than for R-Kodiak (avg. 1.90), T-Beaguelita (1.74), T-Trillium (1.66) or W-Belvedere NB (1.39). In trial 3, an additional sample of W-Belvedere grown in Nova Scotia (NS) was evaluated. Diets contained 93% test grain which supplied all of the CP and digestible energy (DE). Weight gain on T-Beaguelita (80.0 g) was greater than on R-Kodiak 1984 (62.2 g) while weight gain on W-Belvedere NS (43.2 g) was the lowest among all grains (P < 0.05). Apparent digestible energy (ADE) and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of W-Belvedere NB (3453 and 3314 kcal kg−1, respectively) were higher than for W-Belvedere NS (3206 and 3129 kcal kg−1, respectively). ADE and AME of T-Beaguelita, T-Trillium and R-Kodiak 1984 were similar and lower in value than that of wheat. Triticale was well accepted by rats and was similar to rye and greater than the N.S. sample of wheat in nutritive value. Keys words: Triticale, rye, wheat, digestibility, protein efficiency ratio, PER, rat

The prophylactic potential of Zingiber officinale flowers and leaves extract to mitigate hyperglycemia in Sprague Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saira Tanweer ◽  
Tariq Mehmood ◽  
Saadia Zainab ◽  
Zulfiqar Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ammar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Hematological Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Tools

Purpose Innovative health-promoting approaches of the era have verified phytoceutics as one of the prime therapeutic tools to alleviate numerous health-related ailments. The purpose of this paper is to probe the nutraceutic potential of ginger flowers and leaves against hyperglycemia. Design/methodology/approach The aqueous extracts of ginger flowers and leaves were observed on Sprague Dawley rats for 8 weeks. Two parallel studies were carried out based on dietary regimes: control and hyperglycemic diets. At the end of the experimental modus, the overnight fed rats were killed to determine the concentration of glucose and insulin in serum. The insulin resistance and insulin secretions were also calculated by formulae by considering fasting glucose and fasting insulin concentrations. Furthermore, the feed and drink intakes, body weight gain and hematological analysis were also carried out. Findings In streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats, the ginger flowers extract depicted 5.62% reduction; however, ginger leaves extract reduced the glucose concentration up to 7.11% (p = 0.001). Similarly, ginger flowers extract uplifted the insulin concentration up to 3.07%, while, by ginger leaves extract, the insulin value increased to 4.11% (p = 0.002). For the insulin resistance, the ginger flower showed 5.32% decrease; however, the insulin resistance was reduced to 6.48% by ginger leaves (p = 0.014). Moreover, the insulin secretion increased to 18.9% by flower extract and 21.8% by ginger leave extract (p = 0.001). The feed intake and body weight gain increased momentously by the addition of ginger flowers and leaves; however, the drink intake and hematological analysis remained non-significant by the addition of ginger parts. Originality/value Conclusively, it was revealed that leaves have more hypoglycemic potential as compared to flowers.

The efficiency of food utilization for egg production by pullets and yearling hens

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Low Energy Diet

1. The efficiency of food conversion by pullets and yearlings fed on high- and low-energy diets has been determined.2. Egg production was slightly higher by birds fed the low-energy diet for both pullets and yearling hens; pullets laid more eggs than yearling hens.3. For each age, the gross food intake was greater for birds fed the low-energy diet; the consumptions of digestible protein, non-protein digestible energy and metabolizable energy were the same for both diets and both ages of bird.4. The food cost per dozen eggs was slightly greater in the yearling year when the cost of rearing the pullets was ignored, and about the same when it was included.5. The efficiency of utilization of digestible energy and protein showed only a slight decrease from the pullet to the yearling year.6. The variation in the composition and digestibility of eighteen consecutive mixes of the highenergy diet and twenty-five of the low-energy diet was: crude protein 2%, non-protein digestible energy 5% and metabolizable energy 0·4 kg. cal./g. The digestibility of the crude protein and oil was 87%, for both diets; carbohydrates were 81% digestible in the high-energy diet and 59% in the low-energy diet.

Dietary Calcium Had No Reducing Effect on Body Fat and Weight Gain in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Malekzadeh ◽  
S.A. Keshavarz ◽  
F. Siassi ◽  
M. Eshraghian ◽  
M. Kadkhodaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SORGHUM GRAIN FOR BROILER CHICKENS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 869-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. HULAN ◽  
F. G. PROUDFOOT
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Finisher Diets

Sorghum grain (SG) contained more crude protein (103.5 g/kg) and ash (17.0 g/kg) but less crude fiber (17.7 g/kg) and total lipid (22.6 g/kg) than corn. The SG contained 0.37% ± 0.02 tannin, had a higher apparent metabolizable energy value than corn or wheat and contained all of the amino acids considered essential for chickens at levels in general between those of corn and wheat. Two experiments were carried out to ascertain the nutritive value of SG as a partial replacement for corn and wheat in practical poultry diets using 320 male and 320 female Cobb chicks in each. Starter (finisher) diets fed from 0–21 days (22–42 days) contained the following levels of SG: 15 (19); 30 (39); 45 (58)%. The diets were isoenergic and isonitrogenous. The inclusion of up to 45% SG in the starter diet and up to 58% in the finisher diet had no significant effect on mortality, live body weight, feed conversion or percentage of grade A carcasses. Key words: Broiler chickens, sorghum grain, milo, diets

scholarly journals Effects of Fermentation on Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids and Apparent Metabolizable Energy in Rapeseed Meal Fed to Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1774
Author(s):  
Zhengke Wu ◽  
Jiao Liu ◽  
Jiang Chen ◽  
Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy

Rapeseed meal (RSM) is a common protein ingredient in animal diets, while the proportion of RSM in diets is limited because of its anti-nutritional factors. Fermentation based on mixed microbial strains appears to be a suitable approach to improve the nutritive value of rapeseed meal in animal feed. In this study, we evaluated the effects of fermentation on the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) values and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids in RSM fed broilers. The AME and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) values of RSM and fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) were determined by the substitution method, with RSM and FRSM proportionally replacing the energy-yielding components of the basal diet by 30%. Results show that fermentation improved AME and AMEn of RSM from 7.44 to 8.51 MJ/kg and from 7.17 to 8.26 MJ/kg, respectively. In the second experiment, two experimental diets were formulated, with RSM and FRSM being the sole sources of amino acids. A nitrogen-free diet (NFD) was also formulated to determine endogenous amino acids losses (EAAL). Feeding on FRSM resulted in higher (p < 0.05) apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and SID of alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, lysine, arginine, and phenylalanine. No significant differences between RSM and FRSM were found for AID and SID of asparagine, histidine, threonine, serine, glutamine, praline, glycine, methionine, and cystine. FRSM had greater AMEn values and SID of amino acids compared to RSM, therefore, FRSM was nutritionally superior to RSM in broiler diets.

scholarly journals Effects of Melatonin on Lipid Metabolism and Circulating Irisin in Sprague-Dawley Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3329
Author(s):  
Yu-Tang Tung ◽  
Pei-Chin Chiang ◽  
Ya-Ling Chen ◽  
Yi-Wen Chien
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Serum Total Cholesterol ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Excretion

Melatonin, a pivotal photoperiodic signal transducer, may work as a brown-fat inducer that regulates energy balance. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin treatment on the body fat accumulation, lipid profiles, and circulating irisin of rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO). Methods: 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups and treated for 8 weeks: vehicle control (VC), positive control (PC), MEL10 (10 mg melatonin/kg body weight (BW)), MEL20 (20 mg/kg BW), and MEL50 (50 mg/kg BW). The vehicle control group was fed a control diet, and the other groups were fed a high-fat and high-calorie diet for 8 weeks to induce obesity before the melatonin treatment began. Melatonin reduced weight gain without affecting the food intake, reduced the serum total cholesterol level, enhanced the fecal cholesterol excretion, and increased the circulating irisin level. Melatonin downregulated the fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expressions of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and induced the browning of iWAT in both the MEL10 and MEL20 groups. Conclusion: Chronic continuous melatonin administration in drinking water reduced weight gain and the serum total cholesterol levels. Additionally, it enhanced the circulating irisin, which promoted brite/beige adipocyte recruitment together with cholesterol excretion and contributed to an anti-obesity effect.

Behavioral and endocrine traits of obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats on macronutrient diets

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. E1057-E1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jesline T. Alexander ◽  
Ping Zheng ◽  
Hi Joon Yu ◽  
Jordan Dourmashkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Patterns of eating behavior, body weight gain, and hormone changes were examined in normal-weight albino Sprague-Dawley rats on macronutrient diets. These diets consisted of either three separate jars with pure macronutrients, fat, carbohydrate and protein, from which to choose, or a single diet with different concentrations of fat and carbohydrate. Similar patterns on the choice-diet and single-diet paradigms were observed. During the first 7–10 days on these diets but not subsequently, the rats consuming a fat-rich diet exhibit significant hyperphagia, an increase in both total and fat intake that produces higher body weight gain. Compared with a 10% fat diet, a 30% fat diet is associated with a decline in insulin and corticosterone (CORT) levels, whereas a 60% fat diet produces an increase in circulating glucose. Levels of glucose are positively correlated with fat intake, and together these measures are consistently related to body fat. These relationships are most strongly expressed in rats that consume a fat-rich diet with >30% fat. Whereas insulin levels are also positively related to body fat, CORT is inversely related in these normal-weight subjects. In animals consuming a high-fat diet, a clear separation can be seen between “obesity-prone” (OP) rats with 100% greater body fat than “obesity-resistant” (OR) rats. The OP rats, which consume 15% more total calories, have significantly higher insulin and glucose levels. In animals that consume a diet with >30% fat, it is the OP but not the OR rats that exhibit a positive relation between fat intake, glucose levels, and body fat and reveal an additional association between carbohydrate intake, insulin, and body fat. Thus these rats on macronutrient diets exhibit distinct traits that relate behavior to hormone disturbances and adiposity and distinguish subjects that are prone vs. resistant to obesity.

scholarly journals Effect of binder mineral in batchery waste based feed pellet on its proximate component and energy values

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sulistiyanto ◽  
C.S. Utama ◽  
S. Sumarsih
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Mineral Addition ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Local Farm

The Experiment was conducted to study effects of binder mineral addition to the hatchery waste based pelletprocessingon its proximate component and energy value. The study may be beneficial to emerge a new feed resource for local farm businesses. The hatchery wastes those comprised of 30% of egg shells, 60% of un-hatched eggs, and 10% of culled DOC were blended, and mixed with 10% of cassava cake meal(W/W), then mixed well with mineral adsorbent (bentonites or zeolites) at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% (W/W). The mixture was conditioned at 80 ºC for 15 min, and extruded to make a pellet with 6 mm of diameter and 30 mm in length, and dried into warm air flow dryer. The moisture, crude protein (CP), ash, ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), apparent metabolizable energy (AME), true metabolizable energy (TME), metabolizability(MET) and nitrogen retention (NR) were observed in each pellet. Result of the experiment showed that moisture of pellet was decreased (P<0.05) by zeolites or bentonites addition. Even though the effect ofbinder mineral addition gave different patterns, concentrations of ash, crude protein, ether extract and crude fiber of pellet product were increased by increasing level of mineral adsorbent (P<0.05). Nutrient availability as was represented by AME, TME, MET, and NR were increased by zeolites and bentonites additions (P<0.05). In conclusion, supplementations of bentonites and zeolites in the hatchery waste based pelletcould improve its proximate component concentration and nutrient availability.

scholarly journals Neoplasms in Rats Ingesting Acrylonitrile for Two Years

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.T. Gallagher ◽  
E.A. Maull ◽  
K. Kovacs ◽  
S. Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Exposure Age ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Organ Systems

Male Sprague-Dawley rats ingested 0, 20 ppm, or 500 ppm of acrylonitrile in drinking water for 2 years. Rats receiving 500 ppm of acrylonitrile exhibited early mortality and retarded weight gain. Tumors of Zymbal's gland were associated in dose-response fashion with acrylonitrile exposure. Age-associated incidence of pituitary adenomas containing immunoreactive prolactin was decreased in acrylonitrile-treated rats. A decrease in pituitary tumor incidence also was observed in rats treated with low doses of acrylonitrile, suggesting that reduction in this tumor frequency was not because of early death. No increases were found in tumors of other organ systems, but a trend toward development of forestomach papillomas was noted in rats receiving the highest concentration of acrylonitrile.

NIGERIAN COCOA HUSKS AND CASSAVA MEAL AS SOURCES OF ENERGY FOR RATS FED SOYBEAN MEAL- OR PEANUT MEAL-SUPPLEMENTED DIETS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. OROK ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Yellow Corn ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

Nigerian cocoa husks (CH) and cassava meal (CM) were evaluated chemically and biologically in comparison with Canadian yellow corn(C), Canadian soybean meal (SBM) and U.S.A. peanut meal (PNM) using weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. The growth experiment lasted 4 wk. Five major dietary energy-protein combinations were employed, one of which was supplemented with DL-methionine and L-lysine. Each major dietary category was subdivided into three isocaloric (3,600 kcal digestible energy/kg) subgroups containing 20, 16 and 12% crude protein respectively. The crude fat, crude protein and amino acid contents of the foodstuffs and prussic acid contents of CM and cassava root peels, and the theobromine content of detoxified and undetoxified CH were determined. Energy source substantially influenced the response to protein supplementation of the diets. Inclusion of CM at 30 to 50% of the diet gave the best overall performance. Isonitrogenous substitution of dethrobrominized CH for 6.7% corn in the C-PNM diet gave growth response and energy and nitrogen digestibilities which compared favorably with C-PNM or C-PNM supplemented with DL-methionine and L-lysine, thus suggesting that detheobrominized CH could be efficiently utilized in animal diets.

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