IMPACT OF A 1;29 ROBERTSONIAN TRANSLOCATION ON A HERD OF PUREBRED BEEF CATTLE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHEILA M. SCHMUTZ ◽  
JANE MOKER
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Robertsonian Translocation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Translocation Carrier ◽  
Maternal Grandfather ◽  
Charolais Cattle ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Beef Herd

This paper examines the spread and influence of a 1;29 Robertsonian translocation in a purebred beef herd. An entire herd of 94 Charolais cattle has been karyotyped since discovery of a 1;29 Robertsonian translocation in two yearling bulls entered in the Saskatoon R.O.P. bull test station in 1987. The translocation was inherited through their maternal grandfather. Approximately 46% (43) of the 94 cattle karyotyped possessed this translocation, including one cow which had two copies (58, XX, tt). The test herd consisted of 59 cows, 4 bulls, and 31 calves with 27, 2, and 14 animals affected respectively. In addition one cow with an additional X chromosome was detected (61, XXX). The overall fertility of this herd had been low but alterations in management practices lessened the negative impact. Prolonged bull exposure, first exposure of females at 2 y of age, and continued surveillance of cows returning to heat followed by rebreeding ensured that most cows did produce calves in most years. However, although such practices reduced the culling rate, they maintained the translocation carrier cows in the herd. Key words: Beef cattle, translocation, embryonic loss, subfertility

A modern perspective on Meinecke’s 1929 assessment of tourist impacts on redwoods

2021 ◽  
pp. 030913332110299
Author(s):  
Ross H Martin ◽  
Joshua B Hodge ◽  
Clayton J Whitesides
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Modern Perspective ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

E.P. Meinecke, a noted plant pathologist and staunch supporter of conservation, authored an influential article about the impacts of tourism on redwood trees. In the Effect of Excessive Tourist Travel on the California Redwood Parks, published in 1929, Meinecke found that soil compaction by tourists had a negative impact on tree roots and his recommendations for amelioration were both logical and laced with philosophical ideals. We revisit that report with a modern perspective by reviewing his findings and suggestions, and by comparing his ideas with modern research and tourism management practices. One of Meinecke’s greatest concerns was the advent of the automobile and its ability to bring more people to redwood groves. We take that concern to the next logical step and discuss potential impacts of climate change on redwood trees.

scholarly journals Effect of Forest Management Operations on Aggregate-Associated SOC Dynamics Using a 137Cs Tracing Method

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
Geng Guo ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Xi Zhu ◽  
Yanyin Xu ◽  
Qiao Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Mountain Areas

Although forest conversions have long been a focus in carbon (C) research, the relationship between soil erosion and the dynamic change of soil organic carbon (SOC) has not been well-quantified. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of converting CBF (coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests) to economic forests, including CF (chestnut forest), HF (hawthorn forest), and AF (apple forest), on the soil structure and nutrient loss in the Huaibei Rocky Mountain Areas, China. A 137Cs tracer method was used to provide soil erosion data in order to quantify the loss of aggregate-associated SOC. The results showed that forest management operations caused macro-aggregates to decrease by 1.69% in CF, 4.52% in AF, and 3.87% in HF. Therefore, the stability of aggregates was reduced. The SOC contents in each aggregate size decreased significantly after forest conversion, with the largest decreases occurring in AF. We quantified the loss of 0.15, 0.38, and 0.31 Mg hm−2 of aggregate-associated SOC after conversion from CBF to CF, AF, and HF, respectively. These results suggest that forest management operations have a negative impact on soil quality and fertility. CF has better vegetation coverage and less human interference, making it more prominent among the three economic forests species. Therefore, when developing forest management operations, judicious selection of tree varieties and appropriate management practices are extremely critical. In addition, measures should be taken to increase surface cover to reduce soil erosion and achieve sustainable development of economic forests.

scholarly journals Farm practices as they affect NH3 emissions from beef cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Sheppard ◽  
S. Bittman
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
The West ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Using Data

Sheppard, S. C. and Bittman, S. 2012. Farm practices as they affect NH 3 emissions from beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 525–543. Beef cattle farms in Canada are very diverse, both in size and management. Because the total biomass of beef cattle in Canada is larger than any other livestock sector, beef also has the potential for the largest environmental impact. In this study we estimate NH3 emissions associated with beef cattle production across Canada using data on farm practices obtained from a detailed survey answered by 1380 beef farmers in 11 Ecoregions. The farms were various combinations of cow/calf, backgrounding and finishing operations. The proportion of animals on pasture varied markedly among Ecoregions, especially for cows and calves, and this markedly affected the estimated NH3 emissions. The crop components of feed also varied among Ecoregions, but the resulting crude protein concentrations were quite consistent for both backgrounding and finishing cattle. Manure was stored longer in the west than in the east, and fall spreading of manure was notably more common in the west, especially when spread on tilled land. The estimated NH3 emissions per animal were relatively consistent across Ecoregions for confinement production, but because the proportion of animals on pasture varied with Ecoregion, so did the overall estimated NH3 emissions per animal. Temperature is a key factor causing Ecoregion differences, although husbandry and manure management practices are also important. Hypothetical best management practices had little ability to reduce overall emission estimates, and could not be implemented without detailed cost/benefit analysis.

scholarly journals Riverside Farm - A Wairarapa teaching, research and extension resource

1993 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
W.J. Parker ◽  
A. Macdonald ◽  
V. Blanchard ◽  
R.J. Townsley
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Management Responsibility ◽  
Beef Herd ◽  
The Will ◽  
The University ◽  
Stocking Rates

Massey University assumed management responsibility for "Riverside", a 723 ha sheep and beef cattle farm 8 km north of Masterton in Master-ton in March 1978. The farm is leased to the University under the terms of the will of the late Mr Sydney Campbell to assist in the accumulation, expansion and dissemination of knowledge about agriculture, with particular emphasis on agriculture in the Wairarapa. A lo-year farm development programme instigated in 1978 resulted in the sale of the beef herd and the winter stocking rate of sheep being increased to 15.1 suiha by 1984 (9.7 sulha in 1978). In 1985 stocking rates were sharply reduced following a severe drought and the current mixed 2-year bull beef and breeding ewe policy was introduced. Recent research has focused on drought-tolerant pasture species. In late 1992 sheep and beef cattle farmers (n=lOO) were surveyed to identify local information needs and how Riverside could continue to serve the region's research and extension requirements. Information related to fertilisers and farm management were most frequently rated as the most imporant current needs. Keywords: extension, research, Riverside, teaching, Wairarapa

scholarly journals Implications of Climate Change on Soil Functions: A Case for Achieving Local Coconut Sufficiency from Sustainable Agricultural Practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinedu Egbunike ◽  
Nonso Okoye ◽  
Okoroji-Nma Okechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Climate change is a major threat to agricultural food production globally and locally. It poses both direct and indirect effects on soil functions. Thus, agricultural management practices has evolved to adaptation strategies in order to mitigate the risks and threats from climate change. The study concludes with a recommendation the coconut farmers should explore the idea of soil biodiversity in a bid to mitigate the potential negative impact of climate related risk on the farming. The study proffers the need for adopting sustainable agricultural practices to boost local coconut production. This can contribute to the simultaneous realisation of two of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations: SDG 2 on food security and sustainable agriculture and SDG 13 on action to combat climate change and its impacts. The study findings has implications for tackling climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa and in particular Nigeria in order to boost local agricultural production and coconut in particular without negative environmental consequences and an ability to cope with climate change related risks.

scholarly journals Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Managing Construction Claims: Now and Beyond – A Review (Jordan Perspective)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1099-1115
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Change Orders ◽  
Construction Claims ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Life Cycle Phase

As the intricacy of construction projects is amassed, prospects for tribulations are mounting, depicting negative impact on projects’ cost, time and excellence. Thus, eliciting claims that aredisruptive to projects, time consuming and exorbitant. BIM holds enormousprobable in prosperous claim management practices. The progression of BIM can enrich knowledge sharing for information of a building or facility. It forms a vitalbase for decision making throughout the life cycle phase from the conceptual design to demolition. BIM is also, a valuable multidisciplinary cohesive source of information technology that posts benefits and disputes in the construction industry. The main aspiration of this paper is to appraise how and to what magnitude BIM can help evading and plummeting claims in Jordan construction industry.The paper ran a literature review on recent research, industry reports, and other sources to seehow they identified claims, its classifications, benefits, impacts and challenges of BIM on construction projects.Also, the paper acknowledgedcontemporaneous challenges in the claims field and the construction industry as whole. The attained outcomes have shown that BIM overtakes traditional claim management practices in many aspects including recognizing and investigating claims, where the benefits are comprehended in time and cost savings, less change orders, less rework. Moreover, the information and knowledge management that BIM postulates can improve many aspects of claim management.

A new genetic evaluation system for pedigree beef cattle in great britain

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 200-200
Author(s):  
J.G.E. Bryan ◽  
N.R. Wray ◽  
R. Crump ◽  
D.G. Nicholson ◽  
R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Beef Herd ◽  
Analysis Of Performance

The need to speed up the rate of genetic progress in beef cattle, particularly in economically significant traits such as growth and carcase merit has always been recognised by the Meat and Livestock Commission. This is achieved through the Beefbreeder Pedigree Recording Service which records over 1,000 pedigree herds in Great Britain. Traditionally, analysis of performance records from pedigree herds has been carried out using within herd contemporary comparisons.Average pedigree beef herd size in Great Britain is typically less than 20 cows which limits accuracy and scope for genetic improvement when making within herd selection decisions.

THE ORIGIN OF THE MUTATION IN FAMILIES WITH AN ISOLATED CASE OF HAEMOPHILIA A

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
A H J T Bröcker-Vriends ◽  
E Briët ◽  
J C F M Dreesen ◽  
E Bakker ◽  
J J P van de Kamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
De Novo Mutation ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Mutational Event ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Maternal Grandfather

Approximately one third of the patients with haemophilia appears to have no affected relatives. The proportion of cases due to a new mutational event as well as the gamete origin of the mutation has been much debated. The objective of this study was to define the origin of the mutation in families with an isolated case by DNA analysis. We investigated 22 families with an isolated case of haemophilia A. Intragenic (Bell, Xbal) and extragenic (BglII/DX13, Taql/Stl4) RFLPs were investigated for. If necessary, paternity was tested by DNA fingerprint patterns obtained with the 33.15 mini satellite probe.In seven of the 22 families it could be demonstratedthat the abnormal X-chromosome of the haemophiliac was derived from the normal maternal grandfather. In six of these 7 families the mother of the patient had a high probability of carriershio on the basis of clotting factor VIII assays, so that, probably, the mutation had occurred in the paternal gamete. As a consequence, carriership could be excluded for aunts, nieces and more distant female relatives of the patient.In three families the abnormal X-chromosome was derived from the maternal grandmother, while, sofar, in the remaining 12 families no conclusions as to the origin of the mutation could be drawn.In contrast with earlier findings, these results illustrate that at least thirty percent of the isolatedcases of haemophilia A are due to a recent de novo mutation.

The prevalence of epitheliogenesis imperfecta in Sahiwal cattle and their crosses in a north Queensland beef herd

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Fordyce ◽  
RG Holroyd ◽  
NJ Beaman ◽  
TA James ◽  
D Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Research Station ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Sahiwal Cattle ◽  
Beef Herd ◽  
Grade Groups ◽  
The One

Epitheliogenesis imperfecta (EI) has been diagnosed in calves on a north Queensland beef cattle research station. There are five Bos indicus cross, inter se mated breed groups on the station: 1/2 Brahman, 3/4 Brahman, 1/2 Sahiwal, 3/4 Sahiwal and High Grade Sahiwal. The disease was confined to the three Sahiwal breed groups and caused calf losses over seven years from 1978 of 0.2%, 3.4% and 1.0% in the 1/2, 3/4 and High Grade groups respectively. The Sahiwal breed was identified as the origin of the gene responsible for the disease. The source of the gene within the Sahiwal breed was investigated, and several ancestors were identified as almost certainly being heterozygotes. Analyses of relationships of affected and non-affected calves to the 10 Sahiwals that were originally imported into Australia identified the one that was most likely the source of the El gene.

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