EFFECTS OF FEEDING SODIUM BICARBONATE TO PREPARTUM DAIRY COWS ON THEIR PERFORMANCE IN EARLY LACTATION

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-689
Author(s):  
A-M. ST. LAURENT ◽  
ELLIOT BLOCK
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Key Words Sodium ◽  
Daily Total ◽  
Fluid Parameters

Forty cows of second or greater parity were selected and blocked into 20 groups of two and randomly assigned to one of two prepartum diets; control prepartum (CP) or buffer prepartum (BP). The prepartum ration consisted of 85% grass hay, 10% ground corn and 5% dry cow supplement (dry basis). Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was fed at 0.6% of the total dry matter (DM) in the BP group. The postpartum ration was formulated to meet requirements for high-producing dairy cows in early lactation. Dry cows were placed on prepartum treatments 3 wk prior to expected calving date and abruptly switched to the postpartum ration on day 4 after parturition. For the first 4 wk of lactation the average daily total and concentrate DM intake as a percentage of body weight (BW) for cows fed rations BP and CP were not different. Forage intake as a percentage of BW and average production of 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM) was greater for CP than for BP. Milk fat test for CP and BP was not different. No differences were observed between CP and BP for rumen fluid parameters measured on days 14, 7 and 3 ± 2 prepartum. Total VFA (mg dL−1) and ratio of acetate-to-propionate was greater for CP than for BP; butyrate as a percentage of total VFA was greater for BP than for CP. Compared to controls, cows fed NaHCO3 prepartum did not perform as well during the first 4 wk postpartum as indicated by their lower forage intake and 4% FCM production. Key words: Sodium bicarbonate, cows (dairy), prepartum, performance

scholarly journals Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on health and performance of dairy cows during transition and early lactation period

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. Bakr ◽  
M.S. Hassan ◽  
N.D. Giadinis ◽  
N. Panousis ◽  
D. Ostojic-Andric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation

Data concerning the effect of probiotics supplementation on many parameters concurrently at the same cows are lacking. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae feeding on rumen, blood and milk parameters together in highproducing dairy cattle during the transition and early lactation period. Sixteen clinically healthy Holstein cows were divided into 2 groups: a control group of 6 cows and a probiotics-fed group of 10 cows. Rumen fluid and blood samples were collected 21 days before the expected calving as well as 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 daysin- milk (DIM). Milk yield for each animal was recorded every 2 weeks. Individual milk samples were collected 15, 30, 45 and 60 DIM. Ruminal pH and rumen ammonia nitrogen were significantly lower, whereas total volatile fatty acids were significantly higher in yeast-fed animals compared with controls throughout the study. Serum concentrations of total proteins and globulins were higher, while albumins were lower in the yeast-treated group. Serum glucose levels were significantly higher in yeast-supplemented animals. Serum triglycerides, high density lipoproteins, and low density lipoproteins concentrations were lower, with cholesterol being significantly lower in the treated group. Milk production and milk fat percentage were higher, whereas milk protein percentage and somatic cell count were decreased in yeast-supplemented cows throughout the study. These results suggest that supplementation of S. cerevisiae to dairy cows rations during transition and early lactation period improve their health and milk production parameters.

The effects of including sodium bicarbonate in the diet of dairy cows in early lactation

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra A. Edwards ◽  
D. A. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Complete Diet

ABSTRACTTwo experiments examined the effects of including sodium bicarbonate in the diet of dairy cows in early lactation for two different feeding systems. In experiment 1, 28 Friesian cows were allocated to two groups according to parity, calving date and their milk yield in days 5 to 14. Cows were given either a standard home-mixed concentrate or a similar concentrate with sodium bicarbonate included at 25 kg/t. Concentrates were given to individual cows twice daily at a flat rate determined by their 5- to 14-day yield, and hay was group-fed to appetite. Milk yield in days 15 to 100 post-calving did not differ significantly between treatments, but cows given concentrate containing bicarbonate ate more hay and had a higher milk fat concentration (36·0 v. 32·5 g/kg, P < 0·01). In experiment 2, 80 cows were allocated to two treatments according to parity, calving date and previous lactation yield. There were two replicates of each treatment. All groups were given silage and concentrates as a complete diet for 8 weeks from calving, and 20 g sodium bicarbonate per kg total dry matter was included in the diet of half the animals. Cows given the diet containing bicarbonate had higher food intakes (14·9 v. 13·9 kg dry matter per head per day) and lower live-weight losses (13 v. 44 kg, P < 0·001). Milk yield and milk quality did not differ between treatments. Conception tended to be better in cows given the bicarbonate diet.

EFFECT OF ABRUPTLY ADDING BUFFERS TO THE RATIONS OF LACTATING DAIRY COWS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELLIOT BLOCK ◽  
L. D. MULLER
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Feeding 0.23 kg of sodium bicarbonate plus 0.07 kg of magnesium oxide per day to cows with a milk fat depression tended to reduce dry matter intake temporarily. Milk production declined by 1.2 kg/day, milk fat increased by 0.43%, and rumen fluid pH increased as a result of buffer additions. There was also a trend toward higher blood alkaline indices. Key words: Buffers, lactating cows, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, milk fat depression

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE ADDITION OF GLUCOGENIC MATERIALS TO THE RATIONS OF LACTATING COWS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
F. D. SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Glutamate, succinate, propylene glycol, or glycerol were added to a basic concentrate at 3.3% of air-dry feed. Each concentrate was fed both ad libitum and in restricted amounts to four cows in early lactation. Dietary intake, milk yield and composition, molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids and blood glucose, ketones and plasma free fatty acids were used as criteria of effect of these supplements. Propylene glycol in the diet resulted in a lower intake of concentrate compared with glycerol (11.44 versus 14.30 kg/day) and significantly decreased (P < 0.05) rumen butyrate and plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate. Glutamate supplementation prevented the fall in milk fat content which occurred when the other three supplemented concentrates were fed ad libitum, and this effect may have been related to the constancy in the ratio of acetate to propionate in the rumen fluid.

scholarly journals DAY-TO-DAY VARIATIONS IN FAT PERCENT OF COW'S MILK

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
J. D. ERFLE
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Large day-to-day variations in milk fat, particularly for the morning milkings, were observed in 36 Holstein cows. Changes in percent fat were gradual and produced wavelike patterns in a number of instances. Supplemental feeding of long hay had no effect on acetate/propionate ratio in rumen fluid, daily milk yield or weighted milk fat percentage. Key words: Dairy cows, milk, fat depression, hay

scholarly journals THE NUTRITIONAL BALANCE OF EARLY LACTATION DAIRY COWS GRAZING IN INTENSIVE SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEMS

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Sierra Montoya ◽  
Julian David Chará ◽  
Rolando Barahona-Rosales
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract A study was carried out to estimate the balance of metabolizable protein (MP), metabolizable energy (ME), calcium, and phosphorus in 12 recently calved (RC) and early lactation (EL, 42 - 50 days after calving) Gyr x Holstein dairy cows grazing in a Leucaena leucocephala and Cynodon plectostachyus intensive silvopastoral system (ISS) and receiving energy and protein supplementation. Dry matter (DM) availability from the grazing paddocks, nutrients offered and their balance were estimated. On average, the available forage DM per animal.day-1 was 44.7 kg for C. plectostachyus and 11.8 kg for L. leucocephala. EL cows had greater requirements of MP, ME, and minerals than RC cows. In RC cows, ME, MP, and mineral requirements were supplied by the total diet, while EL cows exhibited a negative energy balance. For both RC and EL cows, ME was the limiting dietary factor, whereas MP and P were found to be in excess. If cows were only to receive ISS forages with no supplementation, estimated daily milk yield would be 10 and 12 litters for RC and EL cows, respectively. Under tropical conditions, based on ISS forage intake, RC and EL cows can meet most of their ME, MP, calcium, and phosphorous requirements.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Relationships between Fat-to-Protein Ratio in Milk and Energy Balance in Dairy Cows of Different Parities, and at Different Stages of Lactation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3256
Author(s):  
Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia ◽  
Alan W. Gordon ◽  
Finbar J. Mulligan ◽  
Conrad P. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Regression Slopes ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

A statistical re-assessment of aggregated individual cow data was conducted to examine trends in fat-to-protein ratio in milk (FPR), and relationships between FPR and energy balance (EB, MJ of ME/day) in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows of different parities, and at different stages of lactation. The data were collected from 27 long-term production trials conducted between 1996 and 2016 at the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI) in Hillsborough, Northern Ireland. In total, 1321 lactations (1 to 20 weeks in milk; WIM), derived from 840 individual cows fed mainly grass silage-based diets, were included in the analysis. The energy balance was calculated daily and then averaged weekly for statistical analyses. Data were further split in 4 wk. intervals, namely, 1–4, 5–8, 9–12, 13–16, and 17–20 WIM, and both partial correlations and linear regressions (mixed models) established between the mean FPR and EB during these periods. Three FPR score categories (‘Low’ FPR, <1.0; ‘Normal’ FPR, 1.0–1.5; ‘High’ FPR, >1.5) were adopted and the performance and EB indicators within each category were compared. As expected, multiparous cows experienced a greater negative EB compared to primiparous cows, due to their higher milk production relative to DMI. Relatively minor differences in milk fat and protein content resulted in large differences in FPR curves. Second lactation cows displayed the lowest weekly FPR, and this trend was aligned with smaller BW losses and lower concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) until at least 8 WIM. Partial correlations between FPR and EB were negative, and ‘greatest’ in early lactation (1–4 WIM; r = −0.38 on average), and gradually decreased as lactation progressed across all parities (17–20 WIM; r = −0.14 on average). With increasing parity, daily EB values tended to become more negative per unit of FPR. In primiparous cows, regression slopes between FPR and EB differed between 1–4 and 5–8 WIM (−54.6 vs. −47.5 MJ of ME/day), while differences in second lactation cows tended towards significance (−57.2 vs. −64.4 MJ of ME/day). Irrespective of the lactation number, after 9–12 WIM, there was a consistent trend for the slope of the linear relationships between FPR and EB to decrease as lactation progressed, with this likely reflecting the decreasing milk nutrient demands of the growing calf. The incidence of ‘High’ FPR scores was greatest during 1–4 WIM, and decreased as lactation progressed. ‘High’ FPR scores were associated with increased energy-corrected milk (ECM) yields across all parities and stages of lactation, and with smaller BW gains and increasing concentrations (log transformed) of blood metabolites (non-esterified fatty acid, NEFA; beta-hydroxybutyrate, BHB) until 8 WIM. Results from the present study highlight the strong relationships between FPR in milk, physiological changes, and EB profiles during early lactation. However, while FPR can provide an indication of EB at a herd level, the large cow-to-cow variation indicates that FPR cannot be used as a robust indicator of EB at an individual cow level.

The influence of long-term dietary inclusion of the antibiotic Actaplanin on dairy cow performance

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
M.M. Abubakar ◽  
P. Rowlinson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
A Performance

The antibiotic Actaplanin is a complex of glycopeptide compounds produced by Actinoplanes missourrensis. When included in feed as a performance enhancer it has been shown to increase milk production of dairy cows (McGuffey et al. 1983). Actaplanin is associated with reduced proportions of acetate and increased proportions of propionate in rumen fluid and a depression in milk fat proportion may result (Clapperton et al. 1987). The aim of the trial reported here was to monitor the effects of feeding 960 mg Actaplanin/head/d to dairy cows throughout two successive lactations.

scholarly journals The Effect of Peroral Administration of Lactobacillus Fermentum Culture on Dairy Cows Health Indices

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Laima Liepa ◽  
Māra Viduža
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Peroral Administration ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Experimental Animals

Abstract The culture of Lactobacillus fermentum was isolated from the biogas substrate. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of perorally applied L. fermentum additive to prevent metabolic diseases in the early lactation period of dairy cows. The experiment was performed in the early lactation group of a herd with 240 cows. The control and experimental group each consisted of 10 clinically healthy cows with normal concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate and glucose. On day 1–5 (D1–D5), the experimental cows received orally 150 ml of L. fermentum product of 8.1x105 CFU/ml. On D1, D2, D5 and D20, the rumen fluid samples were collected from all animals in both groups with an oral-ruminal probe once per day for detection of pH and concentration of volatile fatty acids, on D1, D5 and D20 – blood samples for biochemical analyses. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Significant changes were observed in the concentration of the liver enzymes AST and GGT. On D1, in the experimental animals AST concentration 100.5±14.0 IU/L was higher than in control cows – 51.4±5.7 IU/L (p<0.05). On D20, AST was reduced significantly only in experimental cows. On D1, GGT concentration 31.5±6.91 IU/L was higher (p<0.05) in experimental animals than in control cows – 13.6±1.53 IU/L, but on D5, GGT concentration in experimental animals was reduced to 18.4±6.41 IU/L (p<0.05), and remained until D20. Conclusion: L. fermentum culture administered orally for five days improved the blood liver enzymes in cows, and the effect lasted for two weeks.

505 Late-Breaking: Ruminal Microbiota, Inflammation Cytokines, and Performance of High-yield Dairy Cows Supplemented with Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 179-180
Author(s):  
Xiaoge Sun ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Erdan Wang ◽  
Na Lu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Inflammation Cytokines

Abstract Dramatic increases in milk yields in recent decades have created challenges in terms of rumen pH and microbial health which ultimately impact dairy cow health. The objective of this study was to assess the effects on ruminal pH, Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA), microbiota, inflammation, and performance of high-yield dairy cows by supplementing Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture (SC). Forty Holstein cows were divided into two groups based on their milk yield, days of milk, and parity fed the same basal ration diet that did or did not contain 100 g of SC /cow per day. Individual dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were recorded each day. Rumen fluid and milk samples were collected after 2 hours of morning feeding at intervals of 15 days during the experiment period. The data showed that rumen pH was increased by 0.19 (P = 0.09) when SC was supplemented than no SC was provided. SC-supplemented cow consumed 0.28 kg (P &lt; 0.05) extra DM/d. Those supplemented with SC produced 1.36 kg (P &lt; 0.05) more milk/cow per day than did non-supplemented cows. Milk fat percentage was higher (4.11 vs. 3.96%) for cows receiving SC. There were no differences in milk protein percentage. Rumen fluid VFA concentration was not statistically affected by SC but was numerically higher acetic and lower propionic for supplemented cows. The blood of the SC group with lower inflammation cytokines and somatic cell count (SCC). SC-supplemented cows had a greater relative abundance of Prevotellaceae, Succinivibrionaceae, Fibrobacteraceae, Lactobacillaceae, and lower relative abundance of Spirochaetaceae, Methanobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae than the unsupplemented cows. It had greater functions on xylanolysis, fermentation, cellulolysis in the rumen in terms of the KEGG function prediction analysis. This study demonstrated that high-yield lactation cows receiving supplemental SC produced more milk and potentially reduced the inflammation and enhanced rumen cellulolysis bacteria growth.

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