scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TYPE OF SILAGE BAG ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ALFALFA SILAGE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. ROBINSON ◽  
J. J. KENNELLY ◽  
G. W. MATHISON
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Silage Quality

Second-cut alfalfa in mid-bloom was ensiled in 3.6-m-diameter silage bags to give about 20 t of material per bag. Six bag types were utilized and each was replicated thrice. Bags evaluated were: PolyStor, Silobag, CIL-SB2, CIL-SB3, Visqueen, and AgBag. Ensiled material was assayed for chemical composition, including fermentation products, 2 and 14 mo after ensiling. Silage was also evaluated qualitatively based on smell (ammonia and silage aroma) and appearance (color, spoilage, consistency, and mold) at 8 and 14 mo. At 2 mo, all silages were judged to have met minimum requirements of good silage. However, significant differences in chemical composition suggest potential silage feeding value could be rated:[Formula: see text]Qualitative evaluation after 8 mo suggested silage quality was similar to that determined at 2 mo. However, after 14 mo one bag type contained silage which did not meet minimum requirements for good silage. The unacceptable silage, from PolyStor bags, had high pH as well as low concentrations of lactic acid and total alcohols. Within the five silage types judged to have met minimum standards, there was insufficient difference in chemical composition to suggest differences in potential feeding value. Silage in all bags showed significant deterioration between 8 and 14 mo and it is suggested that to ensure high-quality feed, silage should be fed prior to the summer following bag filling. Key words: Silage bags, silage quality, alfalfa

scholarly journals The effect of bacterial inoculant on chemical composition and fermentation of alfalfa silage

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Djordjevic ◽  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Dragana Stanojevic
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Silage Quality

Alfalfa silage is a useful source of protein for feeding ruminants. Therefore, managing alfalfa silage in livestock production systems is an important issue in order to maintain the silage quality and achieve maximum profitable production of milk and meat. The aim of this investigation was to estimate the effects of bacterial inoculant Silko, containing Lactobacillus plantarum (strains: LP1, LP2, LP3 and LP4) on chemical composition, energetic characteristics and fermentation alfalfa silage under field conditions in the commercial dairy farm, during the 2016. The first-cut alfalfa in the second year has been conserved in silage form. The silage mass was subdivided into two equal parts (control (silage without inoculant) and silages treated with bacterial inoculant Silko) and ensiled in trench silo. After 60 days of ensiling, the silages were analysed. Dry matter, ash, crude protein, lactic acid, acetic acid, total digestible nutrients value and relative feed value were significantly higher in silage treated with bacterial inoculant Silko compared to control. Contrary, alfalfa silage treated with a bacterial inoculant Silko had lower values of cellulose, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, nonnitro extractive matter, pH, butyric acid, soluble nitrogen/total nitrogen and NH3- N/total nitrogen than untreated silage. Results showed that bacterial inoculant Silko increases silage quality compared to control so that research should be directed toward the use of such prepared silage in ruminant diets and its impact on milk and meat production on farms.

GC-MS, HPLC, TLC of Dorycnium herbaceum Tincture Species and Synergistic / Antagonist Effect Testing in Combination with Antibiotics

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Maria Varut ◽  
Luciana Teodora Rotaru
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Antagonist Effect

The study objectives were to determine the chemical composition and the synergistic / antagonistic effect of the association between hydroalcoholic extract from the Dorycnii pentaphylli herba (DPH) and the antibiotics of choice, on five reference strains. The tincture contains flavonoids and polyphenol carboxylic acids in low concentrations. DPH has an antagonistic effect on three of the drugs tested (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, levofloxacin, amikacin), the therapeutic effect being completely canceled and has no significant effect on two of them (ceftazidime, cefotaxime).

The relative feeding value of kale (Brassica oleracea) containing normal and low concentrations of S-methyl-L-cysteine sulphoxide (SMCO)

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Barry ◽  
T. R. Manley ◽  
K. R. Millar ◽  
R. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Haemolytic Anaemia ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Total N ◽  
Dimethyl Disulphide ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Endocrine Factors ◽  
Oral Supplements

SummaryKale of normal and low S-methyl-L-cysteine sulphoxide (SMCO) content was produced by growing the same cultivar in soils of normal (20–30 mg/kg) and low (5–10 mg/ kg) soil sulphate-S concentration. Compared with normal S plots, kale grown in low S plots showed little or no reduction in D.M. yield or total N content, but contained lower concentrations of inorganic sulphate, SMCO and glucosinolates.Replicated plots of normal and low SMCO kale were grazed by lambs for 12-week periods in two consecutive years, using a fixed crop allowance of 2·5 kg D.M./animal/ day. All animals were given injections of copper and iodine, and oral supplements of selenium, to ensure that effects upon animal performance could largely be attributed to differences in kale SMCO concentration.SMCO concentration in the diet consumed by lambs grazing normal and low SMCO kale was respectively 0·60 and 0·35% D.M. Following the onset of kale feeding, all animals developed subclinical haemolytic anaemia which stabilized by week 6, and was more marked during weeks 1–6 than during weeks 7–12. Animals grazing low SMCO kale showed a less severe anaemia than those grazing normal SMCO kale, which was associated with lower blood concentrations of dimethyl disulphide and Heinz bodies, and higher reduced glutathione (GSH) and packed cell volume (PCV) levels. Liveweight gain and wool growth were greater for lambs grazing low than normal SMCO kale during weeks 1–6, corresponding to the period of most severe haemolytic anaemia, but during weeks 7–12 there were no differences between the two groups.It was concluded that SMCO content depressed kale feeding value, with most of the depression occurring in the first 6 weeks of grazing, and that in these experiments the lambs were able to adapt to kale containing 0·6% D.M. as SMCO after 6 weeks of feeding. Endocrine factors involved in this adaptation are discussed.

Near Infrared Spectroscopy Estimation of Feeding Value of Forage Perennial Grasses in Breeding Programmes by Global and Specific Calibrations. Estimation of Chemical Composition and Digestibility

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Naydenova ◽  
P. Tomov ◽  
P. Dardenne
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Better Than

Near infrared (NIR) spectral analysis with a NIRSystems 6500 monochromator was applied to evaluate accuracy of predictive models for forage quality in clone breeding processes of the original Bulgarian varieties over different cuts and years. The varieties were the perennial grasses: Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Bromus inermis Leyss. Global calibrations for the 418 perennial grass samples and specific calibrations for each single grass species and internal cross-validations were performed by the PLS regression method. The effect of different spectral data pre-treatments was investigated on the residual standard errors of the NIR predictive models. Among 60 calibration equations, the model with the lowest SECV value was retained for each parameter in each database. No particular data pre-treatment was really better than the other ones. Generally, the best results of the global calibrations were obtained with SNVD and MSC. For the specific calibrations, SNVD and WMSC were the best treatments. In both cases, the first or second derivatives were needed after the first pre-treatment. Chemical composition and in vitro enzymatic digestibility of clones were predicted with accuracy similar to that of classical laboratory methods. For the cell wall component contents, the standard errors of cross-validation SECV(%DM) ranged from 0.49 for ADL ( Festuca) to 2.02 for NDF ( Dactylis). The digestibilities of dry and organic matter, IVDMD and IVOMD, were estimated with SECVs from 2.6 to 3.0%, the relative intake, from 0.06 to 0.09 rel% body weight and the relative feeding value, from 4.39 to 5.64 rel%. The global calibration models offer an acceptable accuracy for the estimation of the cell wall nutrient contents, the digestibility and the nutritive value. The standard errors of prediction of specific single species calibrations with smaller numbers of terms were lower in 60% of the cases than those obtained from the best global calibrations with higher numbers of terms. On average, SECVs from specific calibrations are better than those from global calibrations, but the differences are quite small, and for the prediction of totally new samples (new crops, another year), the global calibrations will detect less outlier samples. Even with very high variability between cuts and years, NIR spectroscopy is able via ANOVA GL Models to sort clones on their feeding value and to provide relevant information for the breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Assessment of the anti-virulence potential of extracts from four plants used in traditional Chinese medicine against multidrug-resistant pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghui Pu ◽  
Huaqiao Tang ◽  
Nana Long ◽  
Min Qiu ◽  
Mingxiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Quorum Quenching ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Pathogens

Abstract Background Multidrug-resistant pathogens are resistant to many antibiotics and associated with serious infections. Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, Sanguisorba officinalis, Terminalia chebula Retz and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, are all used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) against multidrug-resistant pathogens, and the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-virulence activity of extracts derived from them. Methods The antibacterial activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts from these four plants was examined against several multi-drug resistant bacterial strains, and their anti-virulence potential (including quorum quenching activity, biofilm inhibition, and blocking production of virulence factor δ-toxin) was assessed against different S. aureus strains. The chemical composition of the most effective extract was determined by LC-FTMS. Results Only extracts from S. officinalis and A. tsaoko were shown to exhibit limited growth inhibition activity at a dose of 256 μg·mL-1. The S. officinalis ethanol extract, the ethanol and aqueous extract of A. tsaoko, and the aqueous extract of S. miltiorrhiza all demonstrated quorum quenching activity, but didn’t significantly inhibit bacterial growth. The ethanol extract of S. officinalis inhibited bacterial toxin production and biofilm formation at low concentrations. Chemical composition analysis of the most effective extract of S. officinalis showed that it mainly contained saponins. Conclusions The most active extract tested in this study was the ethanol root extract of S. officinalis. It inhibited δ-toxin production and biofilm formation at low concentrations and saponins may be its key active components. While the four plants showed no direct antibacterial effects, their anti-virulence properties may be key to fighting bacterial infections.

Bracken ensilage

1944 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Ferguson ◽  
O. Neave
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Better Than

Bracken cut in June was ensiled in various ways, and some of the products were examined for chemical composition, digestibility and palatability. The main findings were:1. Overheated silage was moderately palatable to sheep and cattle, but its digestibility was low and it approximated to wheat or barley straw in feeding value.2. Silage subjected to less heat was unpalatable, and in some cases was absolutely refused by sheep. The ensiled stems were preferred to the leaves. The digestibility was low but slightly better than that of the overheated silage.3. Ensiling seriously affects the digestibility of bracken protein. In two silages none of the true protein was digestible, and in one the digestibility of this constituent was only 12·9%.It is concluded that the ensiling of bracken is unlikely to prove profitable.

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