FAILURE OF EXOGENOUS PROSTAGLANDIN F2α TO ENHANCE UTERINE INVOLUTION IN BEEF COWS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. GUILBAULT ◽  
P. VILLENEUVE ◽  
J. J. DUFOUR
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Descending Aorta ◽  
Uterine Involution ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Calf Removal

Twenty-four beef cows of 5th parity were fitted with catheters in the descending aorta via a superficial costoabdominal artery. On the day of parturition (day 0), cows were assigned randomly and equally to two infusion treatments and three slaughter groups. Cows were infused continuously for 11 d with either prostaglandin F2α-tham salt (PGF2α; 33.5 mg d−1 from days 2 to 13) or 0.9% physiological saline (saline) via the descending aorta. In the first slaughter group, cows were suckled until slaughtered on day 15. Cows in the second slaughter group were suckled until slaughtered on day 35; whereas in the third group, calves were weaned on day 31 and cows slaughtered on day 35. Reproductive tracts were collected at slaughter and degree of uterine involution was assessed by recording weight and diameter of the cervix, weight, diameter and length of both uterine horns as well as surface areas of caruncular and intercaruncular endometrium. During the infusion period, plasma concentrations of 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro-PGF2α, the primary metabolite of PGF2α, were higher in PGF2α- than in saline-infused cows (1091 vs 738 pg mL−1, SE = 105, P < 0.03). All cervical and uterine (except uterine horn diameter) measures of involution were greater (P < 0.1) on day 15 than on day 35. Calf removal did not affect (P > 0.1) uterine involution on day 35. None of the responses measured to assess uterine involution differed (P > 0.1) between PGF2α- and saline-infused cows on day 15 or 35. It is concluded that early postpartum administration of PGF2α by continuous infusion does not alter uterine involution in terms of reduction in size and tissue loss by days 15 and 35 postpartum. Key words: Cows, postpartum, prostaglandin F2α, uterine involution.

Endocrine changes, with emphasis on 13, 14–dihydro–15–keto–prostaglandin F2α and corticosteroids, before and during parturition in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. El-Belely
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tenfold Increase ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Consistent Increase

SUMMARYA study was conducted on eight preparturient camels which were kept in individual stalls adjacent to the Cairo abattoir during 1989. Four novel phenomena are described in this paper: (i) a significant (P < O·05) prepartum decrease in plasma concentrations of progesterone evident over the 48 h preceding parturition; (ii) a remarkably consistent increase in total plasma unconjugated oestrogens, commencing 2–4 days prior to parturition and peaking in excess of 200 pg/ml for c. 2 h before delivery; (iii) a tenfold increase to 5·4±0·19 ng/ml (mean±S.E.) in plasma concentrations of 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α (PGFM) between days –10 and – 1, showing a sudden and large increase during the 5 h prior to delivery; and (iv) three peaks of total plasma corticosteroids during the 4 h preceding delivery, with the third peak showing the greatest magnitude (24·0±3·11 ng/ml). These results suggest that the dromedary camel is an example of a species in which luteal secretion of progesterone, especially 3α-dihydroprogesterone, is required throughout pregnancy and in which cessation of luteal function, associated with a rapid increase in the oestrogen: progesterone ratio and the secretion of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), is a requirement for parturition.

Onset of oestrus and fertility of dairy heifers and suckled beef cows treated with prostaglandin F2α

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Hafs ◽  
J. G. Manns ◽  
Bridget Drew
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Prostaglandin F

SUMMARYSuckled cows (average 70 days post partum) and British Friesian dairy heifers (13 to 24 months of age) were injected intramuscularly with prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) on two occasions 12 days apart, to synchronize oestrus and ovulation. The cattle were inseminated twice, 70 and 88 hr after the second injection.Injections of 20, 30 or 40 mg of PGF2α were equally effective in 59 heifers; after the first injection, 11 failed to show oestrus during the following 10 days and 10 began oestrus within 36 hr. The majority of the heifers (59%) began oestrus during the 3rd or 4th day after the first injection of PGF2α. After the second injection of PGF2α, all but two heifers showed oestrus and the majority (88%) began oestrus in 3 to 6 days.Injections of 30 or 60 mg of PGF2α were equally effective in 66 suckled cows; after the second injection of PGF2α, 68% of the cows began oestrus from the 3rd to the 6th day but 10 (15%) cows failed to show oestrus.Fertility was highest among heifers and cows which began oestrus during 3 to 5 days after the second injection of PFG2α, 54% of the treated heifers and 42% of the treated cows calving during the expected intervals. Nineteen of the 20 control heifers were mated and 25 of 33 control cows were observed in oestrus and inseminated during 3-week or 25-day breeding periods. Eleven (55%) control heifers and 14 (42%) control cows calved during the expected intervals. Thus, fertility of the treated cattle inseminated at predetermined intervals after PGF2α was equivalent to that in the controls.

INHIBITORY EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2α ON OXYTOCIN RELEASE AND ON MILK EJECTION IN LACTATING RATS

1976 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. PRILUSKY ◽  
R. P. DEIS
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Oxytocin Release ◽  
Anaesthetized Rats ◽  
Prostaglandin F

SUMMARY The effect of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) on milk ejection and on oxytocin release during suckling for one or two periods of 30 min was studied in lactating rats. Doses of PGF2α (20 or 40 μg) were injected i.p. 15 min before the suckling period. Control rats were injected with physiological saline. An inhibition of milk ejection proportional to the dose of drug administered was obtained. A normal milk ejection response was induced with a small dose of oxytocin injected immediately before nursing to mothers treated with PGF2α, indicating that the blocking effect was not due to a lack of mammary gland response. Two groups of mothers were injected with 40 μg PGF2α 2 and 4 h respectively before suckling. In both groups milk ejection was partially but significantly inhibited. In rats pre-treated with sodium pentobarbitone (3·5 mg/100 g body wt) to prevent the release of oxytocin induced by suckling, PGF2α (10 or 20 μg) did not modify the inhibition of milk ejection indicating that PGF2α does not have milk-ejecting activity. The administration of oxytocin to anaesthetized rats, immediately before a second suckling period, induced a normal milk-ejection response while in the rats treated with PGF2α, oxytocin was less effective. The results indicate that PGF2α inhibited milk ejection by a central block on oxytocin release and that the lipid is not able to mimic peripherally the milk-ejecting activity of oxytocin.

Plasma concentrations of progesterone, oestradiol-17β and 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F2α in the pregnant wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus)

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Walker ◽  
R. T. Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Uterine Secretions ◽  
Mean Concentration

The concentrations of progesterone and oestradiol-17β in the maternal plasma of Bennett's wallaby, Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus, were measured daily throughout gestation after reactivation of the diapausing corpus luteum by removal of the suckling pouch young (RPY). Progesterone increased from mean concentrations of 382–424 pmol/l (120–133 pg/ml) during lactation to reach peak concentrations of 908 ± 172 (s.e.m.) pmol/l (285 ± 54 pg/ml) (n = 8) 4 days after RPY and 971 ± 220 and 971 ± 229 pmol/l (305 ± 69 and 305 ± 72 pg/ml) (n = 7) 24 and 25 days after RPY respectively. The mean gestation length (RPY to birth) was 26·8 ± 0·6 (s.d.) days (n = 6, range 25·75–27·50 days). Immediately after birth the plasma progesterone concentration declined to 299 ± 51 (s.e.m.) pmol/l (94 ± 16 pg/ml) (n=6). Oestradiol-17β increased from mean concentrations of 291–553 pmol/l (80–152 pg/ml) during lactation to reach a peak concentration of 967 ± 331 pmol/l (266 ± 91 pg/ml) (n = 9) 1 day after RPY. The concentration declined from 7 days after RPY and fluctuated between mean concentrations of 273 and 480 pmol/l before reaching a minimum of 207 ± 69 pmol/l (57 ± 19 pg/ml) (n = 6) 19 days after RPY. A transient increase to 542 ± 207 pmol/l (n = 7) occurred at 22 days after RPY. Plasma concentrations declined to a low of 156 ± 55 pmol/l (43 ± 15 pg/ml) (n = 6) 5 days after parturition. The mean concentration of plasma 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F2α was less than 2·8 nmol/l (1 ng/ml) for all samples from 13 days after RPY until 4 days after parturition. The results suggest that oestradiol-17β may be important in the early stages of blastocyst reactivation to synergize with progesterone in stimulating uterine secretions. 13,14-Dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F2α is unlikely to be involved in the birth process and any luteolytic effect is likely to be from a local production of PGF2α.

EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE AND TEMPORARY WEANING ON CYCLIC ACTIVITY AND FERTILITY OF BEEF COWS AT A PROSTAGLANDIN- SYNCHRONIZED ESTRUS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. MANNS ◽  
W. D. HUMPHREY ◽  
J. R. NKUUHE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cyclic Activity ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Calf Removal

Three experiments were conducted to assess the effect of short-term calf removal (CR) or treatment with progesterone (P4) on onset of cyclic ovarian activity and fertility in beef cows suckled by a single calf. Estrous cycles of all cows were synchronized by two injections of a prostaglandin F (PGF) analogue 11 days apart. The cows were inseminated at 68 and 92 h after the second PGF injection. In exp. 1, calf removal for 48 h after the second injection of PGF did not alter fertility compared to controls. In exp. 2, cows were treated with 100 mg P4 at the time of the first PGF injection. P4 increased the number of cycling animals by 7% and fertility by 13%, but the differences were not significant. In exp. 3, combinations of CR and P4 were used. When these latter data were summarized and pooled with similar groups from previous experiments, P4 increased cyclic ovarian activity by 9% (P < 0.07) and fertility by 14% (P < 0.04). The results indicate that treatment with P4 caused a moderate increase in onset of cyclic ovarian activity and significantly increased fertility. Key words: Beef cows, postpartum anestrus, progesterone

Plasma concentrations of vasopressin and a prostaglandin F2α metabolite in women with primary dysmenorrhoea before and during treatment with a combined oral contraceptive

1987 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hauksson ◽  
M. Åkerlund ◽  
M. L. Forsling ◽  
H. Kindahl
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Menstrual Pain ◽  
Withdrawal Bleeding ◽  
Primary Dysmenorrhoea ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Oral contraceptives reduce menstrual pain but the interaction with vasopressin and prostaglandin F2α, two uterine stimulants related to the condition, is unknown. Ten women with a history of moderate to severe dysmenorrhoea were studied. Repeated blood samples were taken during a first menstrual cycle without treatment, during the first 21 days of a second cycle when they received an oral contraceptive (150 μg levonorgestrel and 30 μg ethynyloestradiol) and on the first or second day of the bleeding following hormonal withdrawal. Measurements were made of plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin, 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2α, oestradiol-17β, progesterone, ethynyloestradiol, levonorgestrel, FSH, LH and prolactin, and serum osmolality was measured. Seven of the women rated their discomfort as moderate to severe on the first two menstruations, but as none or light at the withdrawal bleeding; with the rating scale for degree of pain that was used, this decrease in pain was significant (P< 0·001). The plasma concentration of vasopressin in these seven women showed significant variation, with the highest concentrations being obtained at the beginning of the two painful menstruations (3·76 ± 0·76 and 1·75 ± 0·30 (s.e.m.) pmol/l and at ovulation in the control cycle (1·91±0·58 pmol/l). During treatment the concentrations were consistently low, except on the first day of withdrawal bleeding (2·33±0·35 pmol/l). The concentrations of the prostaglandin F2α metabolite showed less variation, but again the values at withdrawal bleeding (271 ± 39 pmol/l) were not different from those obtained over the painful menstruations (255 ± 24 and 217 ± 25 pmol/l. The plasma concentrations of ovarian and adenohypophysial hormones, as well as osmolality, were normal throughout. The remaining three women had no, or only slight, menstrual pain in the control cycle and no menstrual peaks in the concentration of vasopressin or prostaglandin F metabolite. The present results gave no evidence for a reduced release of vasopressin and/or prostaglandin F2α that could explain the beneficial effect of oral contraceptives in dysmenorrhoea. Instead, it is possible that this effect is due to a decreased sensitivity of the uterus to these factors. J. Endocr. (1987) 115,355–361

Effect of the level of oestradiol on oxytocin-induced prostaglandin F2α release in the cow

1995 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
G E Mann ◽  
G E Lamming
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
High Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
High Level

Abstract We have investigated the effects of oestradiol-17β on the development of the luteolytic signal (prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) release to an oxytocin challenge) using a steroid-treated ovariectomised cow model. Long-term ovariectomised cows were pre-treated with progesterone for 14 days followed by oestradiol-17β for 2 days to induce oestrus (day 0), and were then treated for a further 16 days with physiological doses of progesterone and oestradiol-17β to simulate a luteal phase. On day 11 oestradiol was either withdrawn (low group; n=4), maintained (normal group; n=4) or increased (high group; n=4), generating mean (± s.e.m.) plasma concentrations of oestradiol from days 12–16 of 0·9±0·1, 2·3±0·4 and 3·7±0·3 pg/ml respectively. Basal and oxytocin-stimulated PGF2α secretion was monitored by measuring concentrations of the principal metabolite of PGF2α, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2α (PGFM), in plasma samples collected before and after daily i.v. injection of 50 IU oxytocin from days 12–16. Basal PGFM was unaffected by the level of oestradiol treatment. In the normal group significant rises in plasma PGFM were seen following oxytocin on days 12, 13 and 14 (P<0·05) as well as days 15 and 16 (P<0·01). In the low group significant elevations in PGFM were only seen on days 15 and 16 (P<0·05), and were smaller (P<0·05) than those seen in the normal group. In the high group two cows showed no elevation in PGFM on any day while in two cows a rise was seen on all days which by day 16 was 84% greater than that seen in the normal group. The results demonstrate that a low level of oestradiol over the second half of the luteal phase leads to a weaker luteolytic signal, while a high level can be stimulatory or inhibitory. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 145, 175–180

scholarly journals Effect of an Oxytocin Antagonist on Prostaglandin F2α Secretion and the Course of Luteolysis in Sows

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genowefa Kotwica ◽  
Anita Franczak ◽  
S. Okrasa ◽  
J. Kotwica
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Group I ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Oxytocin Antagonist

The role of oxytocin (OT) in the regulation of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α ) secretion during luteolysis in gilts was studied using a highly specific OT antagonist (CAP-581). In Experiment 1 gilts on Days 14 to 19 of the oestrous cycle in Latin square design were used, to determine the dose and time of application of OT and CAP. In Group I (n = 6) gilts were treated intravenously with saline or with 10, 20 and 30 IU of OT. Concentrations of the main PGF2α metabolite i.e. 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prosta-glandin F2α (PGFM) were measured in blood samples as uterine response to the treatment. Twenty IU of OT was the most effective to stimulate PGFM release and this dose was used after CAP treatment in gilts of Groups II, III and IV. Gilts of Group II (n = 3) were injected into the uterine horns (UH) with saline (5 ml/horn) or CAP (2 mg, 3 mg and 4 mg; half dose/horn) and OT was injected (i.v.) 30 min thereafter. Any of the CAP doses given into the UH affected PGFM plasma concentrations stimulated by OT. In Group III (n = 4) gilts were infused (i.v.) for 30 min with CAP (9 mg, 14 mg and 18 mg/gilt) followed by 20 IU of OT. All doses of CAP effectively inhibited OT-stimulated PGF2α release, therefore 9 mg was selected for the further studies. Gilts of Group IV (n = 4) received OT 4, 6 and 8 h after CAP to define how long CAP blocks the OT receptors. Concentrations of PGFM increased after any of this period of time. Thus, we concluded that 9 mg of CAP infused every 4 h will effectively block OT receptors. In Experiment 2, gilts (n = 4) received CAP as a 30-min infusion every 4 h on Days 12-20 of the oestrous cycle. Control gilts (n = 3) were infused with saline. CAP infusions diminished the height of PGFM peaks (P < 0.05). Frequency of the PGFM (P < 0.057) and OT (P < 0.082) peaks only tended to be lower in the CAP-treated gilts. Peripheral plasma concentrations of progesterone (P4) and oestradiol-17β (E2) and the time of luteolysis initiation as measured by the decrease of P4 concentration were the same in CAP-and saline-treated gilts. The macroscopic studies of the ovaries in gilts revealed lack of differences between groups. We conclude that OT is involved in the secretion of luteolytic PGF2α peaks but its role is limited to controlling their height and frequency. Blocking of OT receptors did not prevent luteolysis in sows.

scholarly journals 267 Supplementing Ca salts of soybean oil to late-gestating beef cows: Impacts on performance and physiological responses of the offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 192-192
Author(s):  
Alice Brandão ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
Bruna Rett ◽  
Osvaldo Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Matter Basis

Abstract This experiment compared performance and physiological responses of the offspring from cows supplemented with Ca salts of soybean oil (CSSO) or prilled saturated fat (CON) during late gestation. Non-lactating, pregnant Angus × Hereford cows (n = 104) that conceived during the same fixed-time artificial insemination protocol, using semen from 2 sires, were used in this experiment. Cows were ranked by pregnancy sire, body weight (BW), and body condition score (BCS). On d 180 of gestation (d -15), cows were randomly assigned to receive (dry matter basis) 415 g of soybean meal per cow daily in addition to 1) 195 g/cow daily of CSSO (n = 52) or 2) 170 g/cow daily of CON (n = 52). Cows were maintained in 2 pastures (26 cows/treatment per pasture), and received daily 12.7 kg/cow (dry matter basis) of grass-alfalfa hay. From d 0 until calving, cows were segregated into 1 of 24 feeding pens thrice weekly and received treatments individually. Cow BW and BCS were recorded, and blood samples were collected on d -15 of the experiment and within 12 h after calving. Calf BW was also recorded and blood sample collected within 12 h of calving. Calves were weaned on d 290 of the experiment, preconditioned for 35 d (d 291 to 325), and transferred to a feedyard where they remained until slaughter. Upon calving, CSSO cows and calves had greater (P &lt; 0.01) plasma concentrations of linoleic acid and total ω - 6 FA compared with CON cohorts. No differences in calf birth BW, weaning BW, and final preconditioning BW were noted (P ≥ 0.36) between treatments. Average daily gain and final BW in the feedlot were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in steers from CSSO cows compared with CON. The incidence of calves diagnosed with BRD that required a second antimicrobial treatment was less (P = 0.03) in calves from CSSO cows, resulting in reduced (P = 0.05) need of treatments to regain health compared with CON (Table 5). Upon slaughter, longissimus muscle area was greater (P = 0.03) in calves from CSSO cows compared with CON. Collectively, these results suggest that supplementing CSSO to late-gestating beef cows stimulated programming effects on postnatal offspring growth and Page 2 of 15 For Peer Review health. Therefore, supplementing late-gestating beef cows with CSSO appears to optimize offspring welfare and productivity in beef production systems.

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