THE EFFECT OF WHOLE SUNFLOWER SEEDS ON THE FLOW OF FAT AND FATTY ACIDS THROUGH THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF CANNULATED HOLSTEIN STEERS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. WHITE ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. A. McKIRDY
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Palmitic Acids

Four cannulated (rumen, abomasum and ileum) Holstein steers were randomly allotted to four experimental diets in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Diets contained (1) 4% sunflower oil (SFO); (2) 10% whole sunflower seeds (WSS); (3) 20% WSS and (4) 10% canola meal (LFCM). Dysprosium was used to calculate the flow of the particulate digesta through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The ratio of rumen acetate to propionate was increased (P < 0.05) when the LFCM diet was fed compared to when the three oil- or seed-containing diets were fed; there were no differences (P < 0.05) among the oil- or seed-containing diets. Apparent output of fat from the rumen compared to dietary intake was increased (P < 0.05) for all diets except SFO. Differences in fatty acid flow among the four diets diminished (P < 0.05) as the fat flowed through the GI tract. There was a decreased (P < 0.05) output of linoleic acid and an increased (P < 0.05) output of stearic and palmitic acids in the rumen compared to the dietary intake. The three oil diets had a higher (P < 0.05) flow of octadecanoic acids through the GI tract than the LFCM diet, and only the flow of stearic acid through the rumen differed (P < 0.05) among the three oil diets. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and energy were not different (P < 0.05) among the four diets. Fiber digestibility was unaffected by the increasing fat levels. Fat digestion coefficients increased with increasing dietary intake of fat, and calculated true digestibility of sunflower oil was 83.4%. Key words: Sunflower seeds (whole), fatty acid flow, gastrointestinal tract (lower)

scholarly journals Ruminal fermentation and degradation, kinetic flow of digesta and milk fatty acid composition of cows fed sugarcane silage-based diets supplemented with whole cottonseed

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Dayana Alves da Costa ◽  
Fernando César Ferraz Lopes ◽  
Gesiane Moura Neves Rebouças ◽  
Jailton da Costa Carneiro ◽  
Marco Antônio Sundfeld da Gama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Degradation Kinetic ◽  
Whole Cottonseed ◽  
Palmitic Acids

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ruminal fermentation and degradation parameters, the kinetic flow of digesta in the gastrointestinal tract, and the milk fatty acid (FA) profile in Holstein x Gyr cows fed 59% sugarcane silage-based diets with 0% (control), 5%, 10% and 15% whole cottonseed (WCS) on a dry matter (DM) basis. Four rumen-cannulated cows with an average milk yield of 14.4±3.3 kg day-1 and 85±25 days in milk were allocated in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. There was no effect of dietary WCS levels on the intake of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and nonfibrous carbohydrates, but there was a linear increase in the intake of ether extract (EE). There was no treatment effect on the apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE and NDF or on the ruminal degradability parameters for DM and NDF of sugarcane silage. Also, no treatment effects were observed on rumen pH, ruminal and postruminal particulate passage rates or on the rate of passage of the fluids in the rumen. WCS promoted linear reductions in the milk fat contents of lauric, myristic and palmitic acids and linear increases in the milk fat contents of stearic, oleic, trans-10 C18:1 and elaidic acids. The milk fat contents of vaccenic, rumenic, linoleic and ?-linolenic acids were unaffected by WCS supplementation. The inclusion of up to 15% WCS in sugarcane silage-based diets did not alter the digestibility of nutrients, the rumen degradability of the fiber, or the kinetic flow of digesta in the gastrointestinal tract of Holstein x Gyr cows but improved the nutritional quality of milk fat through an increase in the content of oleic acid, which is beneficial to human health, and decreased levels of hypercholesterolemic lauric, myristic and palmitic acids.

scholarly journals FRACTIONATION OF OIL OF A NEW LINE OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Papchenko ◽  
T. Matveeva ◽  
V. Khareba ◽  
O. Khareba
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Fractional Crystallisation ◽  
Sunflower Seeds

The main methods of obtaining fractionated oils and fats have been analysed. They involve three essentially different processes of fractionation of acylglycerols: dry fractionation, aqueous fractionation with a detergent, and solvent fractionation. Considerable attention has been paid to determining the conditions for fractionation of sunflower oil modified in its fatty acid composition. It has been emphasised that using stearic sunflower oil free from trans fatty acids as a source of fats is a topical task. The practical importance of complex research on fractional crystallisation of stearic sunflower oil has been substantiated. The experiments have allowed establishing the fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition of the oil of the new line of sunflower seeds of the saturated type Х114В (stearic type). The structure of its acylglycerols has been mathematically determined. Data have been obtained that besides the increased stearic acid content (9.1% of the total fatty acids), the oil under study also contains a significant amount of the disaturated–monounsaturated fraction of acylglycerols (6.16%). The method of fractionating sunflower oil of the stearic type, which has been scientifically substantiated, involves one-stage fractional crystallisation from the melt. The conditions of fractional crystallisation have been experimentally established: the crystallisation temperature range (+6 – +9°С), the crystallisation time (38 days), and the cooling rate (≈0.0051°С/s). The target fraction of sunflower oil of the stearic type has been obtained. It differs from the original oil in its fatty acid and acylglycerol composition. The yield of this oil fraction was 24.57%. It has been found that the fatty acid composition of this fraction has a content of palmitic acid increased by 0.9% and that of stearic acid higher by 3.3%, while its linoleic acid content decreased to 41.9%. The total amount of saturated fatty acids in the target fraction sample is 19.8% of all fatty acids. It has been found that the proportion of disaturated–monounsaturated acylglycerols in the target fraction increases by 3.27%. The resulting target fraction will be useful in flour and confectionery technologies as a substitute for fats containing trans fatty acids

scholarly journals Feeding sunflower oil to partially defaunate the rumen increases nitrogen retention, urea-nitrogen recycling to the gastrointestinal tract and the anabolic use of recycled urea-nitrogen in growing lambs

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 1453-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Doranalli ◽  
Timothy Mutsvangwa
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nitrogen Recycling ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Metabolism

The objective of the present study was to delineate how interactions between feeding sunflower oil (SFO) to partially defaunate the rumen and altering dietary ruminally fermentable carbohydrate may alter urea-N kinetics and N metabolism in lambs. In a 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, four Suffolk ram lambs (61·5 (se4·0) kg) were used. Treatments were 0 ( − SFO)v.6 % (+SFO) SFO and dry-rolled barley (DRB)v.pelleted barley (PB). N balance was measured over 4 d, with concurrent measurement of urea-N kinetics using continuous intra-jugular infusions of [15N15N]urea. Feeding SFO decreased (P = 0·001) ruminal protozoa and NH3-N concentrations. Urinary N excretion was lower (P = 0·003), and retained N was higher (P = 0·002) in +SFO lambs compared with − SFO lambs. Endogenous production of urea-N (urea-N entry rate; UER) was similar across treatments. Urea-N transfer to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (GIT entry rate; GER), expressed as absolute amounts (16·4v.13·1 g/d) or as a proportion of the UER (0·693v.0·570), its anabolic use (9·0v.6·0 g/d) and microbial N supply (14·6v.10·9 g/d) were higher (P ≤ 0·001) in +SFO lambs compared with –SFO lambs. As a proportion of the UER, GER was higher, whereas urinary urea-N loss was lower, in lambs fed PB compared with those fed DRB (P = 0·01). In summary, feeding SFO increased urea-N recycling to the GIT and microbial non-NH3-N supply, thus providing new evidence that the improved efficiency of N utilization in partially defaunated ruminants could be partly mediated by an increase in urea-N recycling.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Fatty Acid Profile and Sensory Characteristics of Chanco-Style Cheese from Early Lactation Dairy Cows Fed Winter Brassica Crops

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽  
Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza ◽  
Rodrigo A. Ibáñez ◽  
José Ramón Rodríguez ◽  
Christian Alvarado-Gillis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Brassica Crops

Brassica crops such as kale and swede can be supplied to cow diets during winter, however little is known about the effects of feeding those forage brassicas to lactating cows on cheese nutritional characteristics of milk and cheese. This study evaluated the effect of including kale or swede in pasture-fed lactating dairy cow diets on chemical composition, fatty acid (FA) profile, and sensory characteristics of Chanco-style cheese. Twelve early-lactation cows were used in a replicated (n = 4) 3 × 3 square Latin square design. The control diet consisted of (DM basis) 10.0 kg of grass silage, 4.0 kg of fresh grass pasture, 1.5 kg soybean meal, 1.0 kg of canola meal, and 4.0 kg of cereal-based concentrate. The other treatments replaced 25% of the diet with swede or kale. Milk yield, milkfat, and milk protein were similar between treatments as were cheese moisture, fat, and protein. Swede and kale increased total saturated cheese FA while thrombogenic index was greater in swede, but color homogeneity and salty flavor were greater while ripe cheese aroma less than for kale. Kale or swede can be used in the diet of pasture-fed lactating dairy cows without negative effects on milk production, milk composition, or cheese composition. However, kale and swede increased total cheese saturated FA.

Dynamics of export potential of sunflower oil in Ukraine

Helia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Vasylkovska ◽  
Olha Andriienko ◽  
Oleksii Vasylkovskyi ◽  
Andrii Andriienko ◽  
Popov Volodymyr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The analysis of the production and yield of sunflower seeds in Ukraine for the period from 2000 to 2019 was conducted in the article. The comparative analysis of the gross harvest of sunflower seeds and the export of sunflower oil for the years under research was carried out. The dependence of exports on gross harvest was revealed and its share was calculated. It was determined that the export of sunflower oil has increased over the years under research, which indicates a significant Ukraine’s export potential. It was found that the increase in the share of exports by 15.9% was made possible by a qualitative change in yield, that was ensured by the changes in the cultivation technology and by the selection of sunflower hybrids that are better adapted to climate changes. The recommendations for further improvement of cultivation technology in connection with climate change in order to further increase yields and the export potential of Ukraine were given.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Mapping of Histone H3 Lysine 4 Trimethylation (H3K4me3) and Its Involvement in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Sunflower Developing Seeds

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 706
Author(s):  
Antonio J. Moreno-Pérez ◽  
Raquel Martins-Noguerol ◽  
Cristina DeAndrés-Gil ◽  
Mónica Venegas-Calerón ◽  
Rosario Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Genome Wide

Histone modifications are of paramount importance during plant development. Investigating chromatin remodeling in developing oilseeds sheds light on the molecular mechanisms controlling fatty acid metabolism and facilitates the identification of new functional regions in oil crop genomes. The present study characterizes the epigenetic modifications H3K4me3 in relationship with the expression of fatty acid-related genes and transcription factors in developing sunflower seeds. Two master transcriptional regulators identified in this analysis, VIV1 (homologous to Arabidopsis ABI3) and FUS3, cooperate in the regulation of WRINKLED 1, a transcriptional factor regulating glycolysis, and fatty acid synthesis in developing oilseeds.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Virus Manifestations in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Therapeutic Implications

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
André Jefremow ◽  
Markus F. Neurath
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
Lung Failure ◽  
Novel Virus

<b><i>Background:</i></b> About 1 year ago a novel virus – SARS-CoV-2 – began to spread around the world. It can lead to the disease COVID-19, which has caused more than 1 million deaths already. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> While it was first recognized as a disease leading to pneumonia and lung failure, we know by now that COVID-19 is more complex. COVID-19 is a systemic hyperinflammatory disease affecting not only the lungs, but also many other organs. Especially the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is often involved in COVID-19. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> This review provides an overview of the different affected organs of the GI tract and offers information on how gastroenterologists should take care of their patients with different GI disorders.

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