OPERANT CONTROL OF THE THERMAL ENVIRONMENT AND LEARNING TIME OF YOUNG CHICKS AND PIGLETS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. MORRISON ◽  
I. McMILLAN ◽  
E. AMYOT
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Learning Criterion ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Learning Time ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Young Chicks

Eight-day-old chicks and newly weaned piglets were used in 56 and 32 groups respectively, involving operant procedures. In each group, six chicks and six piglets were placed in a chamber adapted for the particular species and equipped with a microswitch whereby the animals could activate heat lamps. The time required for the animals to reach the criterion of learning to control the operation of the heat lamps varied from 1 h to 25 h with a mean of 7.38 h (SD 7.12 h) for the chicks, and from 1 h to 22 h with a mean of 4.4 h (SD 3.79 h) for the piglets. Failure to reach the learning criterion within 25 h occurred in five groups of chicks out of 56 and two groups of piglets out of 32. Seventy-five percent of the groups of chickens learned within 12 h while 84% of the groups of piglets learned within the first 6 h. Key words: Operant, thermoregulation, chicks, piglets, learning

Prediction of available potassium in Ontario soils by electro-ultrafiltration and chemical extraction

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangxue Liu ◽  
T. E. Bates ◽  
T. S. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
Time Required

The extractions of soil K by electroultrafiltration (EUF) and by chemical methods were compared as predictors of plant-available K for greenhouse-grown alfalfa on 38 Ontario soils. The relation of soil properties to the amount of K extracted by EUF fractions was also examined. The contents of silt and clay were negatively correlated with EUF-K at 50 V and 22 °C and positively correlated with EUF-K at 400 V and 80 °C. Soil pH and organic matter were not significantly correlated with the amounts of K extracted in the EUF-K fractions. The EUF extraction of K was influenced by the presence of carbonate or high exchangeable calcium in soils. Similar correlations were obtained between K uptake and K extracted by chemical methods and the sum of EUF-K fractions. When used along with other soil properties, EUF-K fractions and K extracted by chemical methods predicted availability of soil K with roughly equal ability. The model using the sum of K extracted by EUF at 50, 200 and 400 V is the simplest one and contains three variables, K, K2 and Ca2. The use of EUF is limited due to cost of equipment and time required for analysis, unless a number of nutrients can be accurately determined on one extract. Among the chemical methods, equations developed using three nonacidic extradants, NaCl, ABDTPA and NH4OAc explained more variation in K uptake than two acidic extractants, Mehlich 3 and 0.1 M HNO3. The NaCl model, ABDTPA model and NH4OAc model contained the same variables and had similar R2 values (0.88–0.91). Key words: Available K, chemical methods, electro-ultrafiltration, EUF-K fractions, K uptake

Swimming Stamina Differences Between Genotypically Distinct Forms of Rainbow (Salmo gairdneri) and Steelhead Trout

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 996-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsuyuki ◽  
S. N. Williscroft
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Time Required

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) homozygous for liver lactate dehydrogenase alleles ldhHαA and ldhHαB were artificially propagated and their swimming stamina compared. The time required to fatigue 50% of the HαAHαA phenotypes in fixed water velocity tests was 2.3 times greater on the average than that of HαAHαB phenotypes.Likewise, LDH phenotypes HαAHαA, HαAHαB, and HαAHαB of steelhead trout from the Thompson River were artifically propagated and their swimming stamina compared. In contrast to the rainbow trout, significant differences in stamina among the three phenotypes of steelhead were not evident in the stocks from this river nor between phenotypes HαAHαB and HαBHαB from another stream, the Vedder River, which has a very low frequency of the ldhHαA allele. The stamina of young steelhead from the Thompson River was, however, 3.8 times greater than that of those from the Vedder River. Key words: stamina, LDH, rainbow trout, steelhead, phenotype, swimming, fatigue

Effects of a new sweetener, Stevia, on performance of newly weaned pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Munro ◽  
A. Lirette ◽  
D. M. Anderson ◽  
H. Y. Ju
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

Two-hundred and nine purebred Yorkshire newly weaned piglets were used to determine the effect of the sweetener Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) at 83.3, 167 or 334 mg kg−1 diet on feed consumption (FC), average daily gain (ADG) and feed to gain ratio (F/G) compared with treatments with 5% sucrose and no sweetener (control; C). The Stevia-containing diets did not appear to have detrimental effects on the FC and F/G ratios of the piglets when compared with C. The results indicated only a limited potential for Stevia as feed additive for piglets. Key words: Sweetener, palatability, Stevia, weaned pigs

The consequences of mixed pollination on seed set in Vaccinium corymbosum

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2448-2454 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Vander Kloet
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Maturation Time ◽  
Embryo Abortion ◽  
Berry Ripening ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Compatible Pollen ◽  
Berry Maturation

Self pollen of Vaccinium corymbosum germinates as well as outcross (compatible) pollen from the same population and more rapidly than compatible pollen from more distant populations. When a mixture of self and compatible pollen, either from the same or incontiguous populations, is applied to the stigma, the time required for berry ripening is significantly reduced compared with compatible pollen alone, although seed set also decreases significantly. Adding compatible pollen from different pollen donors significantly increased seed set but also increased the time for berry maturation by 5 days. Self pollen in conjunction with compatible pollen resulted in a 50% loss of viable seed production and an 8% gain in berry maturation time. Self-pollination resulted in embryo abortion in V. corymbosum. Key words: pollination, Vaccinium, seed set, outcrossing.

METHODS FOR EVALUATION OF THE THERMAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE ANIMAL-OCCUPIED ZONE FOR WEANED PIGLETS

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 2323-2332 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. van Wagenberg ◽  
J. H. M. Metz ◽  
L. A. den Hartog
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Occupied Zone

A forced-air self-cleaning system for a Wiley-type mill

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-367
Author(s):  
R. Drapeau
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Facial Mask ◽  
Cleaning System ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Time Required

A forced-air self-cleaning system was designed and installed on a Wiley-type laboratory mill. This system reduces the time required to grind a forage sample by 30%. In addition, this forced-air self-cleaning system allows the operator to remove the facial mask by reducing dust and improving air quality and diminishing health risks. Key words: Mill, self-cleaning system

scholarly journals A Fast Deep Learning Method for Security Vulnerability Study of XOR PUFs

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1715
Author(s):  
Khalid T. Mursi ◽  
Bipana Thapaliya ◽  
Yu Zhuang ◽  
Ahmad O. Aseeri ◽  
Mohammed Saeed Alkatheiri
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Xor Gate ◽  
Physical Unclonable Functions ◽  
Learning Time ◽  
Time Required

Physical unclonable functions (PUF) are emerging as a promising alternative to traditional cryptographic protocols for IoT authentication. XOR Arbiter PUFs (XPUFs), a group of well-studied PUFs, are found to be secure against machine learning (ML) attacks if the XOR gate is large enough, as both the number of CRPs and the computational time required for modeling n-XPUF increases fast with respect to n, the number of component arbiter PUFs. In this paper, we present a neural network-based method that can successfully attack XPUFs with significantly fewer CRPs and shorter learning time when compared with existing ML attack methods. Specifically, the experimental study in this paper shows that our new method can break the 64-bit 9-XPUF within ten minutes of learning time for all of the tested samples and runs, with magnitudes faster than the fastest existing ML attack method, which takes over 1.5 days of parallel computing time on 16 cores.

Learning a 720-Item Paired-Associate List by a Part Method: Effect of List Length on Learning Time Per Item

1974 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Mark S. Sanders ◽  
Arthur L. Dudycha
Keyword(s):  
List Length ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Learning To Learn ◽  
Learning Time ◽  
Method Effect ◽  
Paired Associate List ◽  
Distribution Scheme ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Mean Time

20 Ss learned a 720-item paired-associate list by the progressive parts method, using a self-paced procedure. The items simulated those of a mail-distribution scheme learned by mail sorters. The stimuli were verbal and/or numerical while all responses were two-digit numbers. Learning was carried to 95% criterion. The mean time required to learn 20 new items each session showed a definite learning-to-learn effect over the 36 sessions. The cumulative total study time was a perfect linear function of the number of items learned. Thus, the mean total time required to learn each item (102 sec.) was independent of the number of items learned.

scholarly journals Advanced Double Layered Multi-Agent Systems Based on A3C in Real-Time Path Planning

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 2762
Author(s):  
Dajeong Lee ◽  
Junoh Kim ◽  
Kyungeun Cho ◽  
Yunsick Sung
Keyword(s):  
State Space ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
The State ◽  
Multi Agent Systems ◽  
Learning Time ◽  
Autonomous Surface Vehicle ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Vehicle Simulator ◽  
Time Required

In this paper, we propose an advanced double layered multi-agent system to reduce learning time, expressing a state space using a 2D grid. This system is based on asynchronous advantage actor-critic systems (A3C) and reduces the state space that agents need to consider by hierarchically expressing a 2D grid space and determining actions. Specifically, the state space is expressed in the upper and lower layers. Based on the learning results using A3C in the lower layer, the upper layer makes decisions without additional learning, and accordingly, the total learning time can be reduced. Our method was verified experimentally using a virtual autonomous surface vehicle simulator. It reduced the learning time required to reach a 90% goal achievement rate by 7.1% compared to the conventional double layered A3C. In addition, the goal achievement by the proposed method was 18.86% higher than that of the traditional double layered A3C over 20,000 learning episodes.

scholarly journals CONFORTO TÉRMICO E DESEMPENHO DE LEITÕES CRIADOS EM GAIOLAS ENRIQUECIDAS COM PISO DE RESÍDUOS DE EVA (ETILENO-ACETATO DE VINILA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Noelly Ramos de Araújo ◽  
José Pinheiro Lopes Neto ◽  
José Wallace Barbosa do Nascimento ◽  
Fernanda Fernandes de Melo Lopes ◽  
Maria Luíza de Souza Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Comfort Indices ◽  
Black Globe Temperature

CONFORTO TÉRMICO E DESEMPENHO DE LEITÕES CRIADOS EM GAIOLAS ENRIQUECIDAS COM PISO DE RESÍDUOS DE EVA (ETILENO-ACETATO DE VINILA)   SILVIA NOELLY RAMOS DE ARAÚJO1, JOSÉ PINHEIRO LOPES NETO2, JOSÉ WALLACE BARBOSA DO NASCIMENTO3, FERNANDA FERNANDES DE MELO LOPES4, MARIA LUIZA DE SOUZA REZENDE5   Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 – Universitário, 58429-900, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected].   RESUMO: Objetivou-se analisar o conforto térmico de leitões na fase de creche, mantidos em instalações com piso de placas de resíduos EVA, utilizadas para reduzir a transferência de calor dos animais para a superfície de contato, utilizando-se 24 leitões desmamados, com idade média de 23 + 2 dias, distribuídos em 8 baias, utilizando-se dois tipos de pisos: tratamento 1- Placas de EVA + piso plástico vazado e o tratamento 2- piso plástico vazado. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) e a comparação entre as médias através do teste de Tukey (P<0,05). A caracterização do ambiente térmico foi realizada por meio do registro da temperatura do ar, umidade relativa, temperatura de globo negro, luminosidade e velocidade do vento. Para a análise do conforto térmico proporcionado pelos pisos utilizou-se os índices de conforto térmico (temperatura de globo negro e umidade e a carga térmica de radiação), o mapeamento térmico superficial (pisos e leitões) e o desempenho produtivo dos animais. Os resultados indicaram que, as placas sobre o piso mostraram ser eficiente na redução da transferência de calor sensível entre o piso-leitão, o que tornou o aquecimento mais eficaz para os animais.   Palavras-chaves: conforto térmico, creche suína, material alternativo, piso plástico.   THERMAL COMFORT AND PERFORMANCE OF PIGLETS CREATED IN ENRICHED CAGES WITH EVA WASTE FLOOR (VINYL ETHYLENE ACETATE)   ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to analyze the thermal comfort of piglets in nursery phase, maintained in systems with EVA waste plates floor, used to reduce the animal heat transfer to the contact surface, using 24 weaned piglets, average age 23 + 2 days, distributed in 8 bays, using two types of floors: treatment 1: EVA plates + leaked plastic floor and treatment 2: leaked plastic floor. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD) and the means were compared using Tukey's test (P<0.05). The characterization of the thermal environment was performed by recording the air temperature, relative humidity, black globe temperature, luminosity and wind speed. Thermal comfort indices (black globe temperature and humidity and thermal radiation load), thermal thermal mapping (floors and piglets) and the productive performance of animals were used to analyze the thermal comfort provided by the floors. The results indicated that the boards on the floor were shown to be efficient in reducing the transfer of sensible heat between the floor-piglet, which made heating more effective for the animals.   Keywords: thermal comfort, nursery, alternative material, plastic floor.

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