CARCASS COMPOSITION AND PROTEIN UTILIZATION OF EMBDEN GEESE FED VARYING LEVELS OF DIETARY PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTED WITH LYSINE AND METHIONINE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN D. SUMMERS ◽  
GERTRAUDE HURNIK ◽  
S. LEESON
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Edible Protein

Three hundred and twenty sexed Embden geese were reared in litter floor pens to study the influence of dietary protein level and amino acid supplementation on weight gain and carcass composition. There was no difference in weight gain, to 9 wk of age, in response to dietary protein levels varying from 16 to 22%, or with methionine and lysine supplementation of these diets. Diet also had no effect (P > 0.05) on yield of various carcass parts or the chemical composition of these parts. Compared to the chicken broiler of a comparable age, a much greater proportion of the weight gain of the goose can be attributed to fat deposition. The ability of the goose to consume large quantities of feed may make it an interesting model in using forage material for the production of edible carcass protein. Key words: Goose, carcass composition, edible protein yield

EFFECTS OF BIN-HEATING ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF RAPESEED FED TO MICE

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
P. M. GIOVANNETTI ◽  
C. G. YOUNGS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Protein Levels

Undamaged and bin-heated rapeseed (Brassica campestris) were either: ground; ground and dry-cooked for 30 min at 110 C; ground and autoclaved for 30 min at 1.2 kg/cm2, then dried at 100 C; ground, autoclaved, partially extracted with petroleum ether; or ground, autoclaved, extracted, steam-stripped, and dried. These meals were incorporated at 8, 12, 16, and 20% levels, seed basis, in approximately isocaloric, isonitrogenous mouse diets containing about 20% protein. Bin-heated rapeseed contained no glucosinolates, no myrosinase, and only a trace of hydroxynitriles, but had lost 65, 52, 28, 23, and 15% of its original tryptophan, lysine, histidine, arginine, and threonine, respectively. Mycotoxins were not detected. The odor of the meal derived from heated rapeseed was rated by a panel and found to be generally pleasant. Growth rates and feed utilization by mice fed bin-heated rapeseed were normal. Dietary protein levels were too high to allow the amino acid changes to be reflected in animal performance.

Carbohydrate utilization and its protein-sparing effect in diets for grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus)

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Shiau ◽  
Y. H. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Protein Sparing ◽  
Epinephelus Malabaricus ◽  
Glucose Group

AbstractTo investigate the utilization of different carbohydrate sources and the possible protein-sparing effects of carbohydrates for grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus), six isoeneregtic purified diets were prepared. Three dietary protein levels (500, 460, 420 g/kg) were achieved by substitution with three levels (143, 195, 246 g/kg) and two sources (glucose and starch) of dietary carbohydrate. Each of the six diets was given to triplicate groups of grouper in a recirculating rearing system for 8 weeks. In the glucose group, weight gain of fish decreased with increasing dietary glucose and decreasing protein content. In the starch group, weight gain of fish given the 500 g/kg protein diet was higher (P < 0 ·05) than fish given the 460 and 420 g/kg protein diets. At each of the dietary protein levels weight gain of the glucose-group fish and the starch-group fish were similar (P > 0·05). At the 500 g/kg dietary protein level body lipid content of the starch-group fish was higher than that of glucose-group fish. At 500 and 460 g/kg dietary protein levels, fish given starch diets had higher hepatic hexokinase activity than fish given the glucose diets. These results suggest that, at the levels studies, the utilization of starch and glucose by grouper is similar. Decreasing the dietary protein level from 460 g/kg to 420 g/kg by increasing the starch content in the diet from 195 g/kg to 246 g/kg did not reduce (P > 0·05) weight gain and food efficiency, suggesting that starch could spare some protein when the dietary protein level is low.

scholarly journals BROILER CARCASS COMPOSITION AS AFFECTED BY AMINO ACID SUPPLEMENTATION

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. SUMMERS ◽  
STEVEN LEESON
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Key Words Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Soybean Diet

A corn-soybean diet containing 20% protein and a similar diet with glycine supplementation, to give a diet with a 24% protein equivalent, were supplemented with lysine and methionine. Weight gain, feed intake and carcass composition of male broilers were compared to those of similar birds fed a 24% protein corn-soybean diet. Weight gain and feed:gain ratio for the amino-acid-supplemented 20% protein diet were not significantly different from the 24% protein diet. The addition of glycine, while having little effect on performance, resulted in a reduction (P < 0.05) in carcass fat. In a second experiment, increasing the level of dietary protein to 22% from 16% or supplementing the 16% diet with additional lysine and methionine failed to alter weight gain or feed:gain ratio during the 4- to 7-wk finishing period. However, total carcass protein was increased and total carcass fat was reduced with the higher protein diet. Although the amount of total edible meat was similar for all diets, the 22% protein diet resulted in meat containing a greater percentage of protein than the other dietary treatments. An interesting observation was the decrease in protein and increase in fat contents of breast meat when additional methionine was added to a 16% protein diet. Key words: Amino acid supplementation, broiler carcass composition, meat yields

Effect of dietary protein level and salinity on growth, survival, enzymatic activities and amino-acid composition of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) juveniles

Crustaceana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liying Sui ◽  
Guannan Ma ◽  
Yuangao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Protein Level

Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) postlarvae with average initial body weight of 0.089 g were reared in 75-litre PVC tanks for 40 days at salinities of 30 and 60 g l−1. The shrimps were fed compound feed containing protein levels of 35, 40, 45 and 50%, respectively. Salinity had a remarkable effect on growth and survival of L. vannamei juveniles. Higher survival rate and lower growth were observed at 60 g l−1 salinity. Dietary protein level affected the survival and growth of juveniles at both salinities, increased with dietary protein levels in the range of 35 to 45%, but decreased slightly with 50% dietary protein. Broken line analysis showed that the estimated optimal dietary protein levels at salinities of 30 and 60 g l−1 were 45.93 and 46.74%, respectively. Higher salinity resulted in an increased moisture content, ash and crude protein content in the shrimp muscle tissue. The amino acid contents in the shrimp muscle tissue were generally higher at 60 g l−1 salinity and increased dietary protein level led to higher protein content, except with 50% dietary protein. At salinity 60 g l−1, the soluble protein content and activities of glutamic oxalacetic transferase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in shrimp muscle tissue were higher, while catalase (CAT) activities were lower. Farming of L. vannamei at a marginal culture salinity (60 g l−1) is feasible though the shrimps were likely exposed to stressful conditions. Reduced growth rate at higher salinity may be attributed to the higher total ammonium (TAN) concentration in the culture medium and extra energy consumption for osmoregulation at hypersaline conditions.

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