VALIDATION OF TECHNIQUES USED IN PREDICTING CONSTANT FINISH ENDPOINT TRAITS FROM BEEF PERFORMANCE TEST INFORMATION

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125-1129
Author(s):  
M. R. McMORRIS ◽  
J. W. WILTON
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Accurate Prediction ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Test Information

Independent data sets were used to develop and validate prediction equations for weight at market finish (WM), days to market finish (DM) and feed intake to market finish (FM). Use of information currently collected at most bull test stations allowed accurate prediction of WM, DM and, to a lesser extent, FM. Regression coefficients were similar across the data sets used. Correlations of 0.89, 0.76 and 0.81, respectively, were found between predicted and actual values of WM, DM and FM. Key words: Beef cattle, constant finish, performance test information

scholarly journals HERD OF ORIGIN EFFECTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF STATION-TESTED BEEF BULLS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. AMAL ◽  
G. H. CROW
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Origin Effects

Nine years (1976–1984) of performance data from the Manitoba Bull Testing Station, Douglas were used to investigate herd of origin effects on the 140-d growth performance of bulls. Two data sets were analyzed: the Angus and Hereford (AH) data set contained records on 1649 bulls; the Charolais and Simmental (CS) data set contained records on 1786 bulls. The mixed model for analysis of weight, gain and backfat data included year-breed as a categorical fixed effect, age of bull as a fixed covariate, and herd and sire as random effects in a hierarchial classification. Herd, sire and error components of variance were estimated for weights and gains of bulls during the test as well as for backfat which was measured at the end of the test. At the start of the test 39 and 33% of the variation among bull weights was due to herd of origin effects for the AH and CS data sets, respectively. This proportion dropped gradually to 30 and 22% at the 112-d weighing for the AH and CS data sets, respectively, and remained at these levels for the 140-d weights. For the cumulative 140-d gain on test only 15 and 16% of the total variation were attributed to herds for the AH and CS data sets, respectively. For periodic gains (gains made between two adjacent weighings, usually 28-d intervals), herd of origin was a major source of variation for the 28-d pretest adjustment period (45 and 34% for the AH and CS data sets, respectively), but was of minor importance in subsequent periods. For backfat, herd of origin was a significant though small source of variation. The nature of the herd of origin variation (genetic or environmental) could not be discerned from this analysis though it was evident that a portion of the herd of origin variation was temporary environmental in nature since its magnitude decreased as the test progressed. Assuming that a portion of the herd of origin variation was permanent environmental in nature for both weight and gain and given that herd of origin variation was lower for gain than for weight it is recommended to emphasize test gain as opposed to weight in the comparison of bull performance. Key words: Beef cattle, test station, herd of origin, heritability, growth, backfat

scholarly journals Influence of genetic markers on the feeding behavior of yearling bulls

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Estela Garza-Brenner ◽  
Ana M Sifuentes-Rincón ◽  
Felipe A Rodríguez Almeida ◽  
Ronald D Randel ◽  
G Manuel Parra-Bracamonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Feeding Performance ◽  
Efficiency Performance ◽  
Para Determinar

Background: The search for gene and marker effects on economically important traits is aimed not only to understanding the genetic architecture of complex traits but also to applying the information to breeding schemes. Objective: To analyze the effect of two temperament-related SNPs (rs109576799 located in the DRD3 gene, and rs43696138 in the HTR2A gene) on feeding performance of Mexican beef cattle. Methods: One hundred and thirty-six young beef bulls were included in a centralized feed efficiency performance test based on residual feed intake (RFI), with 20 d for adaptation and 70 d of feed efficiency testing. In addition to feeding traits, temperament was assessed at the beginning of the trial using pen score (PS) and exit velocity (EV). All animals were genotyped with two markers located in the HTR2A and DRD3 genes, and an association analysis was conducted between these genotypes and the measured traits. Results: For Brangus breed, a significant association was obtained between average daily gain (ADG; p=0.019), and the rs43696138 marker, resulting in higher gains for homozygous genotype GG (1.69 ± 0.04 kg), when compared to the heterozygous genotype GA (1.54 ± 0.04 kg). Conclusion: The previously reported association of these markers with temperament was not confirmed in the evaluated breeds; however, the rs43696138 marker showed an effect on a feeding performance trait. Further studies are needed to determine the effect of this and other markers on both RFI and temperament.Keywords: beef cattle, feed efficiency, residual feed intake, single nucleotide polymorphism, temperament.  Resumen Antecedentes: La búsqueda de efectos genéticos y marcadores de rasgos económicamente relevantes no solo se basa en el interés biológico de comprender la arquitectura genética de rasgos complejos, sino también en aplicar la información en los esquemas prácticos de mejoramiento. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de dos SNPs relacionados con el temperamento (rs109576799 localizado en el gen DRD3, y rs43696138 localizado en el gen HTR2A) sobre la eficiencia alimenticia en el ganado bovino mexicano. Métodos: Ciento treinta y seis toretes de carne jóvenes fueron sometidos a una prueba de comportamiento alimenticio basada en el consumo residual de alimento (RFI), con 20 d de adaptación y 70 d de prueba para la eficiencia alimenticia. Además de los rasgos de comportamiento alimenticio, se evaluó el temperamento de los animales al inicio de la prueba, mediante la evaluación de comportamiento en el corral (PS), y la velocidad de salida (EV). Todas las muestras se tipificaron con dos marcadores localizados en los genes DRD3 y HTR2A para posteriormente realizar un análisis de asociación de los genotipos con los rasgos evaluados. Resultados: En la raza Brangus, se observó una asociación significativa de la media de ganancia diaria de peso (ADG, p=0,019) con el marcador rs43696138, localizado en el gen HTR2A, resultando en mayores ganancias para el genotipo GG (1,69 ± 0,04 kg) en comparación con los toros heterocigóticos GA (1,54 ± 0,04 kg). Conclusión: No se confirmó la asociación de estos marcadores previamente reportados con el temperamento en las razas evaluadas; sin embargo, el marcador rs43696138 mostró efecto en un rasgo de comportamiento alimenticio. Se necesitan más estudios para determinar el efecto de éste y otros marcadores en el consumo residual de alimento (RFI) y el temperamento.Palabras clave: consumo residual de alimento, eficiencia alimenticia, ganado de carne, polimorfismo de un solo nucleótido, temperamento.  Resumo Antecedentes: A busca de efeitos genéticos e marcadores de características economicamente relevantes não se baseia apenas no interesse biológico de compreender a arquitetura genética de traços complexos, mas também na aplicação da informação nos esquemas práticos de melhoria. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito de dois SNPs relacionados ao temperamento (rs109576799 localizado no gene DRD3 e rs43696138 localizado no gene HTR2A) sobre a eficiência nutricional no gado mexicano. Métodos: Cento e trinta e seis touros jovens foram submetidos a um teste de comportamento alimentar com base na entrada de alimentação residual (RFI), com 20 d de adaptação e 70 d de teste para eficiência de alimentação. Além dos traços de comportamento alimentar, o temperamento dos animais foi avaliado no início do teste, através da avaliação do comportamento na caneta (PS) e da velocidade de saída (EV). Todas as amostras foram digitadas com dois marcadores localizados nos genes DRD3 e HTR2A para posteriormente realizar uma análise de associação dos genótipos com os traços avaliados. Resultados: Na raça Brangus, observou-se uma associação significativa do ganho diário médio (ADG, p = 0,019) com o marcador rs43696138, localizado no gene HTR2A, resultando em maiores ganhos para o genótipo GG (1,69 ± 0,04 kg), em comparação com os touros heterozigóticos GA (1,54 ± 0,04 kg). Conclusão: A associação destes marcadores previamente relatados com o temperamento nas raças avaliadas não foi confirmada; no entanto, o marcador rs43696138 mostrou um efeito sobre uma característica de comportamento alimentar. Mais estudos são necessários para determinar o efeito deste e outros marcadores com ingestão alimentar residual (RFI) e temperamento.Palavras-chave: consumo residual de alimentos, eficiência alimentar, gado bovino, polimorfismo de nucleotídeo único, temperamento.

THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION OF AN ALL-CONCENTRATE DIET FOR BEEF CATTLE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
R. HIRONAKA
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Experimental Animals

Eighty steer calves were divided equally into five groups and fed barley-based all-concentrate diets with 0, 0.3, 0.8, 1.1, and 1.4% added limestone (CaCO3). Steers fed the diet with no added limestone had lower rates of gain and required more feed per unit gain than those that were fed diets with added limestone. There was a trend (P < 0.10) toward lower feed intake per day as level of limestone in the diet increased. The incidence of animals walking with a stiff gait declined as the level of limestone increased. The steers were marketed as they reached a weight of about 475 kg. Carcass measurements and grades were not affected by limestone supplementation. Digestibility of the diets was determined using sheep as experimental animals. Protein and energy digestibility increased as level of limestone supplementation was increased. The source of calcium in the diet as well as the calcium to phosphorus ratio may influence feed intake and animal performance. Key words: Limestone, calcium, calcium to phosphorus ratio, beef, all-concentrate diet, liver abscess

The effect of thickness of steam-rolled barley on its utilization by beef cattle

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hironaka ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
T. J. Lysyk
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

All-concentrate diets consisting of thin-, medium- or coarse-rolled barley or whole barley were fed to 24 Hereford steers and 24 Hereford bulls. Digestibility trials and chewing studies were conducted on each of the diets. Cattle fed medium-rolled barley gained faster (P < 0.05) (1.62 kg d−1) than those fed thin-rolled (1.49 kg d−1) or whole barley (1.38 kg d−1), and cattle fed coarse-rolled barley gained faster (P < 0.05) (1.53 kg d−1) than those fed whole barley. The average daily gain was similar in cattle fed thin-rolled and whole barley. Feed intake was lower from week 2 to week 8 in cattle fed the thin- and medium-rolled barley diets than in those fed the coarse-rolled and whole-barley diets. Gain-to-feed ratio decreased as the thickness of the roll increased and was lowest in cattle fed whole barley. Energy, protein and starch digestibilities declined with thickness of roll and were lowest for the whole-barley diets. Ruminating time and the time ruminating per kilogram of feed increased as the thickness of the roll increased; rumination time was longest on the whole-barley diet. Key words: Beef cattle, barley, rolling, processing, rumination, digestibility

scholarly journals Effect of divergence in residual methane emissions on feed intake and efficiency, growth and carcass performance, and indices of rumen fermentation and methane emissions in finishing beef cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P E Smith ◽  
S M Waters ◽  
D A Kenny ◽  
S F Kirwan ◽  
S Conroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Carcass Performance

Abstract Residual expressions of enteric emissions favour a more equitable identification of an animals methanogenic potential compared to traditional measures of enteric emissions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of divergently ranking beef cattle for residual methane emissions (RME) on animal productivity, enteric emissions and rumen fermentation. Dry matter intake (DMI), growth, feed efficiency, carcass output and enteric emissions (Greenfeed emissions monitoring system) was recorded on 294 crossbred beef cattle ((steers = 135 and heifers = 159; mean age 441 days (SD = 49); initial body weight (BW) of 476 kg (SD = 67)) at the Irish national beef cattle performance test centre. Animals were offered a total mixed ration (77% concentrate and 23% forage; 12.6 MJ ME/kg of DM and 12% CP) ad libitum with emissions estimated for 21 days over a mean feed intake measurement period of 91 days. Animals had a mean daily methane emissions (DME) of 229.18 g/d (SD = 45.96), methane yield (MY) of 22.07 g/kg of DMI (SD = 4.06), methane intensity (MI) 0.70g/kg of carcass weight (SD = 0.15) and RME 0.00 g/d (SD = 0.34). RME was computed as the residuals from a multiple regression model regressing DME on DMI and BW (R 2=0.45%). Animals were ranked into three groups viz. high RME (&gt;0.5 SD above the mean), medium RME (±0.5 SD above/below the mean) and low RME (&gt;0.5 SD below the mean). Low RME animals produced 17.6 and 30.4% less (P&lt;0.05) DME compared to medium and high RME animals, respectively. A ~30% reduction in MY and MI was detected in low vs. high RME animals. Positive correlations were apparent amongst all methane traits with RME most highly associated with (r=0.86) DME. MY and MI were correlated (P&lt;0.05) with DMI, growth, feed efficiency and carcass output. High RME had lower (P&lt;0.05) ruminal propionate compared to low RME animals and increased (P&lt;0.05) butyrate compared to medium and low RME animals. Propionate was negatively associated (P&lt;0.05) with all methane traits. Greater acetate:propionate ratio was associated with higher RME (r=0.18; P&lt;0.05). Under the ad libitum feeding regime deployed here, RME was the best predictor of DME and only methane trait independent of animal productivity. Ranking animals on RME presents the opportunity to exploit inter animal variation in enteric emissions as well as providing a more equitable index of the methanogenic potential of an animal on which to investigate the underlying biological regulatory mechanisms.

Prediction of lean content in the carcasses of beef cattle. II. From measurements of specific cuts

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. Fan ◽  
J. W. Wilton ◽  
W. R. Usborne ◽  
I. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Important Predictor ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Lean Weight ◽  
Carcass Cuts

Carcass data on 304 steers and 320 heifers from seven breed of dam groups were analyzed to test equations for predicting weight and proportion of lean content in beef carcasses from measurements of specific cuts. All dams were bred to Angus sires for first calving and to a Simmental sire for second and third calvings. Cattle by Angus sires were slaughtered at 10-mm backfat thickness evaluated ultrasonically; those by the Simmental sires at 7 mm. One side of each carcass was cut into eight cuts and separated into fat, lean and bone. Data were analyzed by multiple stepwise regression procedures. Prediction equations from each cut were obtained from the overall data and subpopulations by breed of sire, by sex and by breed of dam group. Cold-carcass weight accounted for the highest proportion of variation of lean weight in the side of the carcass, but it accounted for no more than 3% of the variation of proportion lean. Lean weight in hip and chuck, particularly in hip, was a most important predictor for estimating lean weight of the side. Total weights of each cut were also important predictors. Proportion lean in each cut alone was the strongest predictor of proportion lean in the carcass. Proportions of weights of cut in the carcass were also important predictors. Predictions of lean content (weight and proportion) in the carcass from dissected cuts of chuck and hip provided the most precise estimates. Average biases for breed of sire–degree of finish combinations, sex or breed of dam group were relatively small when an overall equation based on information from the hip was used. Key words: Beef, prediction of lean content, carcass, cuts, breed, sex

The visual arrays task…visual storage capacity or attention control?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Martin ◽  
Jason S. Tsukahara ◽  
Christopher Draheim ◽  
Zach Shipstead ◽  
Cody Mashburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Visual Storage ◽  
Design Selection ◽  
The Relationship

**The uploaded manuscript is still in preparation** In this study, we tested the relationship between visual arrays tasks and working memory capacity and attention control. Specifically, we tested whether task design (selection or non-selection demands) impacted the relationship between visual arrays measures and constructs of working memory capacity and attention control. Using analyses from 4 independent data sets we showed that the degree to which visual arrays measures rely on selection influences the degree to which they reflect domain-general attention control.

scholarly journals RAPID COMMUNICATION: Residual feed intake in beef cattle is associated with differences in protein turnover and nutrient transporters in ruminal epithelium

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 2181-2187
Author(s):  
Ahmed A Elolimy ◽  
Emad Abdel-Hamied ◽  
Liangyu Hu ◽  
Joshua C McCann ◽  
Daniel W Shike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Ruminal Epithelium

Abstract Residual feed intake (RFI) is a widely used measure of feed efficiency in cattle. Although the precise biologic mechanisms associated with improved feed efficiency are not well-known, most-efficient steers (i.e., with low RFI coefficient) downregulate abundance of proteins controlling protein degradation in skeletal muscle. Whether cellular mechanisms controlling protein turnover in ruminal tissue differ by RFI classification is unknown. The aim was to investigate associations between RFI and signaling through the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways in ruminal epithelium. One hundred and forty-nine Red Angus cattle were allocated to 3 contemporary groups according to sex and herd origin. Animals were offered a finishing diet for 70 d to calculate the RFI coefficient for each. Within each group, the 2 most-efficient (n = 6) and least-efficient animals (n = 6) were selected. Compared with least-efficient animals, the most-efficient animals consumed less feed (P &lt; 0.05; 18.36 vs. 23.39 kg/d DMI). At day 70, plasma samples were collected for insulin concentration analysis. Ruminal epithelium was collected immediately after slaughter to determine abundance and phosphorylation status of 29 proteins associated with MTOR, ubiquitin-proteasome, insulin signaling, and glucose and amino acid transport. Among the proteins involved in cellular protein synthesis, most-efficient animals had lower (P ≤ 0.05) abundance of MTOR, p-MTOR, RPS6KB1, EIF2A, EEF2K, AKT1, and RPS6KB1, whereas MAPK3 tended (P = 0.07) to be lower. In contrast, abundance of p-EEF2K, p-EEF2K:EEF2K, and p-EIF2A:EIF2A in most-efficient animals was greater (P ≤ 0.05). Among proteins catalyzing steps required for protein degradation, the abundance of UBA1, NEDD4, and STUB1 was lower (P ≤ 0.05) and MDM2 tended (P = 0.06) to be lower in most-efficient cattle. Plasma insulin and ruminal epithelium insulin signaling proteins did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) between RFI groups. However, abundance of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter SLC2A4 and the amino acid transporters SLC1A3 and SLC1A5 also was lower (P ≤ 0.05) in most-efficient cattle. Overall, the data indicate that differences in signaling mechanisms controlling protein turnover and nutrient transport in ruminal epithelium are components of feed efficiency in beef cattle.

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