THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF GROUND RYE AS A FEED INGREDIENT FOR ADULT LEGHORN HENS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. PROUDFOOT ◽  
H. W. HULAN
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Dietary Effects ◽  
Feeding Ground ◽  
Body Weights

One thousand and eighty Leghorn hens were used to evaluate the effects of feeding ground rye from 140 to 490 days at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of diets. Traits which exhibited dietary effects were hen-day egg production, sexual maturity, body weights and feed efficiency. The higher dietary levels of ground rye had an adverse effect on egg production and feed efficiency. Key words: Rye (ground), diet, Leghorn, hens

THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF WHEAT SCREENINGS AS A FEED INGREDIENT FOR ADULT LEGHORN HENS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-797
Author(s):  
F. G. PROUDFOOT ◽  
H. W. HULAN
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Biological Performance ◽  
Ground Wheat

Nine hundred and twenty Leghorn hens were used in two experiments designed to evaluate the effects of feeding adult diets containing ground wheat screenings at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% of diets which were calculated to be isoenergic and isonitrogeneous. Results from both experiments reveal that there were no significant (P > 0.05) dietary effects for mortality, egg production, egg specific gravity, egg Haugh units or body weights. The higher dietary levels of wheat screenings were associated with a significant (P < 0.05) linear depression in feed efficiency. In exp. 2 hens fed the diet with 60% wheat screenings were significantly delayed in reaching a 50% rate of egg production and laid eggs which, at 182 d of age, weighed significantly less than eggs laid by hens fed diets with lower levels of wheat screenings; but as these results did not occur in exp. 1 these effects on sexual maturity and egg weight are inconclusive. It can be stated that layer diets may contain up to 45% wheat screenings without the expectation of a depression in biological performance. Key words: Wheat screenings, diets, Leghorn hens

scholarly journals GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC ASSOCIATIONS OF JUVENILE BODY WEIGHTS AND EGG PRODUCTION TRAITS IN TWO STRAINS OF RHODE ISLAND CHICKENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
O. O. ONI ◽  
B. Y. ABUBAKAR ◽  
S. O. OGUNDIPE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Body Weights

Data on body weight at 16 (WT16); 20 (WT20) weeks of age and at sexual maturity (WTSM) weight of first egg (WT1st), age at sexual maturity (ASM) and 120-d egg production (EN)  were used to estimate genetic parameters in 636 hens of two strains of Rhode Island chikens. There were significant (P.01) differences between  the two strains for all traits except for WTSM.The heritability estimates obtained ranged from 0.05 to 0.41 and 0.04 to 0.30 for strains 1 and 2 respectively. The genetic correlations obtained for the various traits were medium to high for the two strains. The phenotypic correlations were generally low but followed the same trend. The results indicate that selected stocks of the two strains would show improvements in egg production and age   at sexual maturity if juvenile body weight (WT20) is employed as a selection criterion at housing for laying hens.

Effect of constant photoperiods on the laying performance of broiler breeders allowed conventional or accelerated growth

2005 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. LEWIS ◽  
D. BACKHOUSE ◽  
R. M. GOUS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Broiler Breeders ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Accelerated Growth

An experiment was conducted at the University of KwaZulu–Natal to assess the effect of constant photoperiods on sexual maturity and egg-laying performance in broiler breeders given two levels of control-feeding during the rearing phase. Cobb broiler breeder females were grown to reach 2·1 kg body weight at 17 or 21 weeks, and maintained on 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 16-h photoperiods from 2 days to 68 weeks of age. There were no significant interactions between photoperiod and growth rate for any production parameter. The time required reaching 2·1 kg increased proportionally with photoperiod but, because of delayed sexual development, birds on longer photoperiods consumed more feed to, and were heavier at, sexual maturity than shorter daylengths. The longer-photoperiod birds also had inferior rates of lay in the first half of the cycle, but superior in the second, which, together with the photoperiodic effects on maturity, resulted in birds on 11, 13 or 14 h producing most eggs to 68 weeks, and those on 16 h fewest. It is possible that the pattern of egg production was due to some of the birds on [ges ]13-h photoperiods becoming photorefractory, having a mid-cycle pause, and then spontaneously resuming egg production in the latter half of the cycle. However, a hinge-analysis of current and other data to the more usual depletion age of 60 weeks showed that the combined effects of photoperiod on sexual maturity and egg production resulted in constant 10-h birds producing the highest number of eggs, with numbers decreasing by 3·6 eggs/h of photoperiod above the hinge and 7·8 eggs/h of photoperiod below it. Mean egg weight increased by 0·4 g/h of photoperiod, but the proportion of abnormally large and floor eggs and the incidence of mortality were unaffected by daylength. For each photoperiod, accelerated growth resulted in body weights being heavier than controls at sexual maturity, despite the mean age at maturity being 10 days earlier for the faster-growing birds. Body weights for the two growth groups were not significantly different at 68 weeks. Faster-growth birds consumed 1 kg less feed to 2·1 kg body weight, but 1·3 kg more feed to sexual maturity and 2·7 kg more to 68 weeks, and produced 6 more eggs than, but had similar patterns of egg production to, the conventionally managed controls. Mean egg weight, the proportion of floor eggs and the incidence of mortality were similar for both groups. Notwithstanding that the overall production of abnormally large eggs was low (1·1 eggs per bird); the faster-growing birds produced significantly more than the controls. Egg weight was positively influenced by age at sexual maturity, body weight at sexual maturity and photoperiod, but was unaffected by rate of growth to 2·1 kg per se.These findings show that there are differences between broiler breeders and egg-type pullets in their response to constant photoperiods. It is likely that the factors responsible for these differences, particularly in terms of sexual development, are the exhibition of photorefractoriness by, and the retardational effects of controlled feeding on, broiler breeders.

scholarly journals Growth and Feed Efficiency of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) Reared in Different Salinities

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Setiawati ◽  
M. Agus Suprayudi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Body Weights

<p>The objective of this research was to know the effect of salinity on the growth and utilized of feed energy by red tilapia, <em>Oreochromis</em> sp.  Four fishes with 4,15-4,42 g initial body weights were cultured in a 50x40x35 cm aquarium for 40 days.  Fish were fed on these diets three times a day at satiation. Dietary growth rate, feed efficiency, protein and lipid retention increased with increasing salinity (<em>p</em><0.05).  No significant differences in feed consumption and survival rate were observed at different salinities. From this research it can be concluded that the best condition for red tilapia was salinity of 10-20<sup>o</sup>/<sub>oo</sub>.</p> <p>Key words:  Salinity, growth, feed efficiency, and red tilapia.</p> <p> </p> <h1>ABSTRAK</h1> <p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan ikan nila merah yang dipelihara pada berbagai media bersalinitas.  Benih nila merah yang digunakan berbobot awal 4,15-4,42 g/ekor, dipelihara pada akuarium berukuran 60x45x35 cm dengan kepadatan 4 ekor/akuarium, selama 40 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan harian, efisiensi pakan, retensi protein dan retensi lemak dengan meningkatnya salinitas (<em>p</em><0.05).  Sedangkan konsumsi pakan dan kelangsungan hidup memberikan pengaruh yang sama.  Media bersalinitas 10-20<sup>o</sup>/<sub>oo</sub>  memberikan pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan terbaik bagi nila merah.</p> <p>Kata-kata kunci:  Salinitas, pertumbuhan, efisiensi pakan, dan ikan nila merah.</p>

scholarly journals Performance of lambs fed either hay or silage supplemented with canola or fish meals

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. R. Agbossamey ◽  
H. V. Petit ◽  
J. R. Seoane ◽  
G. J. St-Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Ad Libitum

Forty-eight lambs (29.0 ± 4.7 kg BW) were used to study the effects of protein supplementation of forages on performance and diet digestibility. Lambs were fed grass hay or silage ad libitum plus a daily supplement of either: C, a control supplement supplying 1.2 g kg−1 BW of dry molasses and 0.6 g kg−1 BW of minerals, vitamins and lasalocid; CM, control supplement + 5.48 g kg−1 BW of canola meal; or FM, control supplement + 3 g kg−1 BW of fish meal. Apparent digestibility of all dietary components was higher in lambs fed silage than in those fed hay (P < 0.04). Addition of CM or FM improved apparent digestibility of energy and crude protein (CP) of lambs fed hay (P < 0.02) and CP digestibility of lambs fed silage (P < 0.01). Apparent digestibility of CP was higher in lambs fed FM than in those fed CM with either hay or silage (P < 0.03). Addition of CM or FM tended to decrease ADF digestibility of silage-based diets (P < 0.06). Apparent ADF digestibility of hay-based diets was lower in lambs fed CM than in those fed FM (P < 0.02). Forage DM intake was similar for all treatments. Addition of CM or FM to the diets improved average daily gains by 24% (P < 0.03), an effect that was higher with hay (35.1%, P < 0.02). Feed efficiency was 23.6% better in lambs fed protein-supplemented hay than in those receiving C (P < 0.04). Neither dressing percentage nor carcass lean yield was affected by protein supplementation. Digestible DM and TDN intakes were higher in lambs fed silage (P < 0.03) as a result of higher apparent digestibility for silage than hay. Furthermore, CM increased TDN intake by 7.6 and 8.2% in lambs fed hay and silage, respectively, compared with lambs fed FM. Addition of canola and fish meals improved forage nutritive value for lambs. Key words: Canola meal, fish meal, forages, digestibility, lambs, growth

Egg production and certain behavioural characteristics and mortality pattern of indigenous chicken of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
P.G. Kumar ◽  
R.R. Churchil ◽  
A. Jalaludeen ◽  
K. Narayanankutty ◽  
P.A. Peethambaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Mortality Pattern ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Egg Number ◽  
Production Characteristics

Summary A survey to document the behaviour characteristics and mortality pattern of indigenous chicken of Kerala and a field egg recording study to record egg production characteristics of these birds were conducted. Flight distance and height was 13.29 and 3.97 m, respectively. The territory radius of cocks was 121.15 m. The chick survivability at 4 weeks of age was 64.98 percent. The day-old and 8th week body weights were 28.83 and 347.24 g, respectively. The 20th and 40th week body weight of males were 1,428.42 and 1,936.67 g and that of females were 1,114.04 and 1,445.63 g, respectively. The mortality up to 72 weeks was 69.38 percent and major cause of mortality during chick, grower and layer stage were mongoose (44.63 percent), wolf (24.29 percent) and diseases (52.18 percent) respectively. The fertility was 71.22 percent and hatchability on total and fertile egg set were 62.26 and 87.42 percent, respectively. There were 2.13 clutches in a laying cycle with inter-clutch intervals of 1.11 days. The average clutch size and number of eggs per cycle were 7.27 and 14.32, respectively. The egg number up to 72 weeks on hen-day and hen-housed basis was 116.81 and 85.84, respectively and the eggs were laid in 7.7 cycles. The age at first egg and average age at sexual maturity were 155 and 199.26 days, respectively. The egg weight at 28, 40 and 72 weeks of age was 37.80, 40.74 and 43.31 g, respectively, and egg mass per bird was 4,659.04 g. The broodiness and incubation pause were 26.03 and 121.75 days, respectively.

scholarly journals Estimation of heterosis, direct and maternal additive effects from crossbreeding experiment involving two white plymouth rock lines of chickens

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lalev ◽  
N. Mincheva ◽  
M. Oblakova ◽  
P. Hristakieva ◽  
I. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Production Period

Eight hundred one-day-old female chickens from two White Plymouth Rock lines (line L and line K) and their reciprocal crosses obtained from 40 male and 480 females were used to form four genetic groups (LxL, KxK, LxK and KxL). Differences among genotypes, the direct and maternal additive effects, and the heterosis were investigated with regard to the following traits: body weight from 2 to 10 weeks of age and at 18, 26 and 30 weeks of age, age at sexual maturity, egg production per hen-day until 46 weeks of age, average egg weight (between 32 and 46 weeks of age), liveability during the production period, egg fertility, hatchability of set and fertile eggs. The results demonstrated a statistically significant effect of the genotype on body weight during the different age periods (p<0.001), age at sexual maturity (p<0.001), egg production (p<0.01) and livability (p<0.05). On the basis of analysis of direct additive effects, it could be concluded that line L was superior for obtaining combinations with more intensive growth rate. Although the lack of direct additive effect with respect to the other traits studied, there was a positive tendency favouring line K. Maternal additive effects had a substantial effect on body weight in most studied periods and livability, favouring line L. The heterosis was important for body weights at different periods of life (3.76-22.33 %), age at sexual maturity (-8.32 %) and egg production (8.25 %) with positive effects on these traits. The results pointed at a mutual complementary effect between both lines as a result of crossbreeding.

Nutritive value of sausage casings from processed cattle hides

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-463
Author(s):  
G. M. J. Horton ◽  
H. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Daily Gain

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the nutritive value of sausage casings prepared from cattle hides as a protein source for day-old hybrid (Hubbard × Hubbard) broiler chickens. The results demonstrate that sausage casings are an available protein source for broiler chicks that can be substituted for soybean meal at levels up to 8% of the feed without affecting average daily gain and feed efficiency. Key words: Sausage casings, cattle hides, broiler chickens, collagen, gelatin

THE PERFORMANCE OF ONE NORMAL AND TWO DWARF MEAT MATERNAL GENOTYPES AND THEIR PROGENY AS AFFECTED BY REARING AND ADULT DIETARY TREATMENTS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. PROUDFOOT ◽  
H. W. HULAN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Mortality Incidence ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The performances of one normal and two dwarf meat maternal genotypes were compared in a factorial experiment designed to estimate the combined effects of feeding two juvenile diets (low protein (LP) high energy (HE) versus high protein (HP) low energy (LE)) from 106 to 140 days and four adult dietary treatments (LPHE, HPHE, HPLE and an HPLE excluding canola meal) fed from 141 to 420 days. The performance of the three genotypes differed significantly (P < 0.05) for egg production, egg fertility at 322 days, feed efficiency, live body weights and monetary returns less the cost of chicks and feed. One of the dwarf gentoypes exhibited the highest monetary returns. Juvenile dietary treatments had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on the traits measured except age at sexual maturity and female body weights at 154 d. Several traits were affected by the adult dietary treatments including mortality, incidence of fatty liver syndrome, hen-day egg production, feed efficiency up to 322 and 420 days and live body weights. Mortality due to fatty liver syndrome was significantly (P < 0.01) lower among hens fed the high protein, low energy diet without canola meal compared with hens fed the other three adult diets, all of which included canola meal as a feed ingredient. Key words: Dwarf, meat breeders, hens, broilers, diets, fatty liver syndrome, genotypes

THE EFFECT OF FEEDING A DIET CONTAINING CANOLA MEAL ON THE INCIDENCE OF FATTY LIVER SYNDROME AMONG FOUR MATERNAL POULTRY MEAT BREEDER GENOTYPES TO 266 DAYS OF AGE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. PROUDFOOT ◽  
H. W. HULAN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Performance data revealed that adult maternal meat breeders fed diets incorporating 15% canola meal experienced a significant increase in mortality attributed to Fatty Liver Syndrome (FLS) compared with maternal breeders receiving diets without canola meal. Dietary protein levels per se had no significant effect on the incidence of FLS (P > 0.05). Data to 266 d also provide useful information on general performance, particularly with regard to egg production, age at sexual maturity, feed efficiency, initial egg weight and egg specific gravity. Key words: Maternal, meat breeders, hens, canola meal, Fatty Liver Syndrome, poultry

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