EFFECT OF BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACIDS OR FATTY ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF BARLEY STRAW OR ALFALFA HAY

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. MIR ◽  
Z. MIR ◽  
J. A. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain

In vitro dry matter digestibilities of ground barley straw or alfalfa hay, supplemented with branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine and isoleucine) or their corresponding fatty acids (isobutyric, isovaleric and 2-methyl butyric acids), at 4% of substrate dry matter were determined. In vitro digestibilities were obtained after incubation in either rumen fluid or rumen fluid followed by pepsin in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. Urea was added to the branched-chain fatty acid treatments so they were isonitrogenous with the amino acid treatments. Digestibility of barley straw was increased (P < 0.05) by supplementation with all branched-chain fatty acids, when added either alone or in combination in both digestion systems. The greatest increase was from 34.8% for unsupplemented barley straw to 63.1% for barley straw plus all three branched-chain fatty acids. Valine did not improve digestibility of barley straw when incubated with either rumen fluid or rumen fluid followed by pepsin solution. Addition of isoleucine increased digestibility (P < 0.05) of barley straw in both systems, while leucine was effective only when samples were incubated in both rumen fluid and pepsin solution. However, all combinations of amino acids increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of barley straw in both systems. In vitro digestibility of alfalfa hay was increased (P < 0.05) only when valine and leucine were used together in either system. Incubating alfalfa hay in rumen fluid plus pepsin solution increased (P < 0.05) in vitro digestibilites for all treatments. The greatest increase was from 72.8% for control to 89.5% for the treatment receiving a combination of valine and leucine. Key words: In vitro dry matter digestibility, branched-chain amino acids, branched-chain fatty acids, barley straw, alfalfa hay

BIOSYNTHESIS OF BRANCHED-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS: IV. FACTORS AFFECTING RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF FATTY ACIDS PRODUCED BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshi Kaneda
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The fatty acids produced by Bacillus subtilis may be grouped into four pairs: 12-methyltetradecanoic and 14-methylhexadecanoic acids (anteiso-C15and anteiso-C17), 13-methyltetradecanoic and 15-methylhexadecanoic acids (iso-C15and iso-C17), 12-methyltridecanoic and 14-methylpentadecanoic acids (iso-C14and iso-C16), and myristic and palmitic acids (n-C14and n-C16). Any one of the branched-chain amino acids, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, or L-valine, or of the branched short-chain fatty acids, α-methylbutyrate, isovalerate, or isobutyrate, added to the glucose – yeast extract medium increased the synthesis of the specific pairs of fatty acids structurally related to the added substrate and decreased the synthesis of other fatty acids. This indicates that the relative abundance of branched-chain fatty acids in B. subtilis is a function of the relative availability of the precursors of the terminal portions of the fatty acids, presumably α-methylbutyryl-CoA, isovaleryl-CoA, and isobutyryl-CoA. This mechanism is consistent with the relative abundances of branched-chain fatty acids found in mutants of B. subtilis which require particular branched-chain amino acids. The biotin content of the culture medium and the length of incubation time also affected the relative abundance of the fatty acids.

scholarly journals The impact of long-term dietary pattern of fecal donor on in vitro fecal fermentation properties of inulin

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1805-1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyi Yang ◽  
Devin J. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fiber Plant ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

A diet high in whole grains, dry beans, and certain vegetables that contributed dietary fiber, plant protein, and B vitamins resulted in high short chain fatty acids, while a diet high in diary and processed meats that provided cholesterol and little fiber resulted in high branched chain fatty acids and ammonia during fecal fermentation of inulin.

Branched chain amino Acids as in vitro and in vivo Anti-Oxidation Compounds

2021 ◽  
pp. 3899-3904
Author(s):  
Moath Alqaraleh ◽  
Violet Kasabri ◽  
Ibrahim Al-Majali ◽  
Nihad Al-Othman ◽  
Nihad Al-Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cell ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cell Line

Background and aims: Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) can be tightly connected to metabolism syndrome (MetS) which can be counted as a metabolic indicator in the case of insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of these acids under oxidative stress. Material and Methods: the in vitro antioxidant activity of BCAAs was assessed using free radical 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assays. For further check, a qRT-PCR technique was madefor detection the extent of alterations in gene expression of antioxidative enzymes (catalase and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx)) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS(-induced macrophages RAW 264.7 cell line. Additionally, BCAAs antioxidant activity was evaluated based on plasma H2O2 levels and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in prooxidative LPS-treated mice. Results: Different concentrations of BCAAs affected on DPPH radical scavenging activity but to lesser extent than the ascorbic acid. Besides, BCAAs obviously upregulated the gene expression levels of catalases and Gpx in LPS-modulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line. In vivo BCAAs significantly minimized the level of plasma H2O2 as well as the activity of XO activity under oxidative stress. Conclusion: our current findings suggest that BCAAs supplementation may potentially serve as a therapeutic target for treatment of oxidative stress occurs with atherosclerosis, IR-diabetes, MetS and tumorigenesis.

scholarly journals Profiles of Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Correlations With Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Bacterial Populations Based on Pure Carbohydrate Incubation in Vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hangshu Xin ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Chunlong Liu ◽  
Shuzhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the profiles of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA; including C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, C17:0, iso-C17:0 and anteiso-C17:0) during pure carbohydrates incubation in vitro and whether they correlated with ruminal fermentation parameters, microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis, and bacterial populations. The pure substrates containing five different ratios of fiber and starch (F:S; 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0) were incubated for 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h. Results: Except iso-C17:0, OBCFA concentrations were interacted by F:S and incubation time. The highest concentration of total OBCFA was found in the fermented mixture after 24 h of incubation when the F:S = 0:100; while the lowest level was 1.65 mg/g DM produced after 6 h of incubation with F:S = 50:50. The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and MCP remarkably decreased linearly as the inclusion of fiber in the substrates increased, as expected. The proportions of investigated cellulolytic bacteria in our study were increased linearly (or linearly and quadratically) while those of R. amylophilus and S. bovis were decreased as fiber inclusion increased. The correlation analysis indicated that iso-C16:0 concentration might have potential as a marker of productions of TVFA and MCP with ρ being 0.78 and 0.82 respectively. Compared to starch degrading bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria had more correlations with OBCFA profiles, and the strongest association was found on the population of R. flavefaciens with C15:0 concentration (ρ = 0.70). Conclusions: Our study shows there might be scope for iso-C16:0 to predict rumen productions of VFA and MCP. Notedly, this is the first paper reporting linkage of OBCFA with rumen function based on pure carbohydrate in vitro incubation, which would avoid confounding interference from dietary protein and fat presence. However, more in-depth experiments are needed to substantiate the current findings.

A1151 EFFECT OF BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACIDS (BCAA) ON DIAPHRAGM FATIGUE IN VITRO

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (3A) ◽  
pp. NA-NA
Author(s):  
H. Yamada ◽  
Y. Ohta ◽  
I. Chaudhry ◽  
H. Nagashima ◽  
J. Askanazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Diaphragm Fatigue

Properties of Acetate Kinase Isozymes and a Branched-Chain Fatty Acid Kinase from a Spirochete

1982 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-254
Author(s):  
Caroline S. Harwood ◽  
Ercole Canale-Parola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Acetate Kinase ◽  
Nucleoside Triphosphate ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Spirochete MA-2, which is anaerobic, ferments glucose, forming acetate as a major product. The spirochete also ferments (but does not utilize as growth substrates) small amounts of l -leucine, l -isoleucine, and l -valine, forming the branched-chain fatty acids isovalerate, 2-methylbutyrate, and isobutyrate, respectively, as end products. Energy generated through the fermentation of these amino acids is utilized to prolong cell survival under conditions of growth substrate starvation. A branched-chain fatty acid kinase and two acetate kinase isozymes were resolved from spirochete MA-2 cell extracts. Kinase activity was followed by measuring the formation of acyl phosphate from fatty acid and ATP. The branched-chain fatty acid kinase was active with isobutyrate, 2-methylbutyrate, isovalerate, butyrate, valerate, or propionate as a substrate but not with acetate as a substrate. The acetate kinase isozymes were active with acetate and propionate as substrates but not with longer-chain fatty acids as substrates. The acetate kinase isozymes and the branched-chain fatty acid kinase differed in nucleoside triphosphate and cation specificities. Each acetate kinase isozyme had an apparent molecular weight of approximately 125,000, whereas the branched-chain fatty acid kinase had a molecular weight of approximately 76,000. These results show that spirochete MA-2 synthesizes a branched-chain fatty acid kinase specific for leucine, isoleucine, and valine fermentation. It is likely that a phosphate branched-chain amino acids is also synthesized by spirochete MA-2. Thus, in spirochete MA-2, physiological mechanisms have evolved which serve specifically to generate maintenance energy from branched-chain amino acids.

scholarly journals Ataxin-2 (Atxn2)-Knock-Out Mice Show Branched Chain Amino Acids and Fatty Acids Pathway Alterations

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1728-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Meierhofer ◽  
Melanie Halbach ◽  
Nesli Ece Şen ◽  
Suzana Gispert ◽  
Georg Auburger
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Ataxin 2 ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Knock Out Mice
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