EFFECT OF LASALOCID, MONENSIN AND THIOPEPTIN ON LACTATE PRODUCTION FROM IN VITRO RUMEN FERMENTATION OF STARCH

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. NAGARAJA ◽  
S. J. GALITZER ◽  
D. L. HARMON ◽  
S. M. DENNIS
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Starch Fermentation ◽  
Key Words Antibiotics ◽  
Lactate Fermentation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Starch fermentations with strained rumen fluid and centrifuged rumen fluid devoid of protozoa were set up to test the effect of lasalocid, monensin, and thiopeptin on L(+) and D(−) lactate production. Protozoa-free rumen fluid was the supernatant from low-speed centrifugation of strained rumen fluid. Starch fermentation in the control (no antibiotic) with centrifuged rumen fluid resulted in higher lactate concentration than the fermentation with strained rumen fluid. Decreased lactate production with strained rumen fluid was attributed to sequestration of starch by protozoa and to enhanced lactate fermentation. Addition of lasalocid or monensin (1.5–48.0 μg mL−1) to the fermentation enhanced L(+) and D(−) lactate production in the presence of protozoa. In the absence of protozoa, lasalocid and monensin inhibited L(+) lactate production; however, D(−) lactate concentration was unaffected. Increased lactate production by lasalocid and monensin in the presence of protozoa was possibly due to inhibition of protozoal engulfment of starch. Thiopeptin had no effect on lactate production in the presence of protozoa but in the absence of protozoa lactate production was inhibited. Similar antibiotic responses were observed at different starch amounts (0.5, 1.5 and 3.0 g) and with starch types (soluble, corn and wheat) and with rumen fluid collected from defaunated cattle. Key words: Antibiotics, cattle, rumen, starch, fermentation, lactic acid

scholarly journals Concentrate feeding and ruminal fermentation. 2. Influence of concentrate ingredients on pH and on L-lactate concentration in incubations in vitro with rumen fluid.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-274
Author(s):  
A. Malestein ◽  
A.T. van 't Klooster ◽  
G.H.M. Counotte ◽  
R.A. Prins
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Maize Meal

2. Rumen fluid was sampled before feeding from cows given hay, diluted with an anaerobic salt solution and added (20 ml) to different amounts (mostly 1 g) of maize gluten meal, maize, citrus pulp, tapioca, beet pulp, coconut expeller or soya bean oilmeal for incubation at 39 deg C. After at least 4 h of incubation there were large differences in pH and lactic acid concentration. The acidotic index of the feeds was influenced by increasing concentration of the substrate. Except with maize meal, there was little effect of particle size on pH and lactic acid concentration. There were differences in effect on pH and lactic acid concentration between different batches of the same feeds, especially with maize meal. Incubations with mixtures of concentrate ingredients showed different pH and lactic acid concentrations from values expected from results with the single ingredients. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Reducing enteric methane production from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) by garlic oil supplementation in in vitro rumen fermentation system

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avijit Dey ◽  
Shyam Sundar Paul ◽  
Puran Chand Lailer ◽  
Satbir Singh Dahiya
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Acetyl Esterase ◽  
Garlic Oil ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

AbstractEnteric methane production contributes significantly to the greenhouse gas emission globally. Although, buffaloes are integral part of livestock production in Asian countries, contributing milk, meat and draft power, the contribution of enteric methane to environmental pollution attracts attention. The present study investigated the efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum) oil in reducing enteric methane production from buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) by in vitro rumen fermentation. Garlic oil (GOL) was tested at four concentrations [0 (Control), 33.33 µl (GOL-1), 83.33 µl (GOL-2) and 166.66 µl (GOL-3) per litre of buffered rumen fluid] in 100-ml graduated glass syringes and incubated at 39℃ for 24 h for in vitro rumen fermentation study. Supplementation of GOL-1 increased (p < 0.05) total gas production in comparison with GOL-3; however, it remained comparable (p > 0.05) with control and GOL-2. Graded doses of garlic oil inclusions reduced (p < 0.001) methane concentration (%) in total gas and total methane production (ml/g DM), irrespective of concentrations. The feed degradability, volatile fatty acids and microbial biomass production (MBP) were not affected (p > 0.05) by GOL-1, but these tended to decrease in GOL-2 with marked reduction (p < 0.01) in GOL-3. The decrease (p < 0.01) in NH3–N concentration in fermentation fluid in the presence of garlic oil, irrespective of concentration, suggests reduced deamination by inhibiting rumen proteolytic bacterial population. The activities of ruminal fibrolytic enzymes (CMCase, xylanase, β-glucosidase, acetyl esterase) were not affected by lower dose (GOL-1) of garlic oil; however, reduction (p < 0.05) of these enzymes activity in rumen liquor was evident at higher doses (GOL-2 and GOL-3) of supplementation. This study shows positive impact of garlic oil supplementation at low dose (33.33 µl/l of rumen fluid) in reducing enteric methane production, thereby, abatement of environmental pollution without affecting feed digestibility.

scholarly journals Brucella abortusinduces a Warburg shift in host metabolism that is linked to enhanced intracellular survival of the pathogen

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Czyż ◽  
Jonathan Willett ◽  
Sean Crosson
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Human Macrophage ◽  
Metabolic Shift ◽  
Intracellular Infections ◽  
Host Metabolism

ABSTRACTIntracellular bacterial pathogens exploit host cell resources to replicate and survive inside the host. Targeting these host systems is one promising approach to developing novel antimicrobials to treat intracellular infections. We show that human macrophage-like cells infected withBrucella abortusundergo a metabolic shift characterized by attenuated tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism, reduced amino acid consumption, altered mitochondrial localization, and increased lactate production. This shift to an aerobic glycolytic state resembles the Warburg effect, a change in energy production that is well-described in cancer cells, and also occurs in activated inflammatory cells.B. abortusefficiently uses lactic acid as its sole carbon and energy source and requires the ability to metabolize lactate for normal survival in human macrophage-like cells. We demonstrate that chemical inhibitors of host glycolysis and lactate production do not affectin vitrogrowth ofB. abortusin axenic culture, but decrease its survival in the intracellular niche. Our data support a model in which infection shifts host metabolism to a Warburg-like state, andB. abortususes this change in metabolism to promote intracellular survival. Pharmacological perturbation of these features of host cell metabolism may be a useful strategy to inhibit infection by intracellular pathogens.IMPORTANCEBrucellaspp. are intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause disease in a range of mammals, including livestock. Transmission from livestock to humans is common and can lead to chronic human disease. Human macrophage-like cells infected withBrucella abortusundergo a Warburg-like metabolic shift to an aerobic glycolytic state where the host cells produce lactic acid and have reduced amino acid catabolism. We provide evidence that the pathogen can exploit this change in host metabolism to support growth and survival in the intracellular niche. Drugs that inhibit this shift in host cell metabolism inhibit intracellular replication and decrease the survival ofB. abortusin anin vitroinfection model; these drugs may be broadly useful therapeutics for intracellular infections.

scholarly journals Low-Carbohydrate Tolerant LAB Strains Identified from Rumen Fluid: Investigation of Probiotic Activity and Legume Silage Fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Palaniselvam Kuppusamy ◽  
Dahye Kim ◽  
Ilavenil Soundharrajan ◽  
Hyung Soo Park ◽  
Jeong Sung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Trifolium Incarnatum ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with low carbohydrate tolerance from rumen fluid and to elucidate their probiotic properties and the quality of fermentation of Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium incarnatum L. silage in vitro. We isolated 39 LAB strains and screened for growth in MRS broth and a low-carbohydrate supplemented medium; among them, two strains, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) RJ1 and Pediococcus pentosaceus S22, were able to grow faster in the low-carbohydrate medium. Both strains have promising probiotic characteristics including antagonistic activity against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, and E. faecalis; the ability to survive in simulated gastric-intestinal fluid; tolerance to bile salts; and proteolytic activity. Furthermore, an in vitro silage fermentation study revealed that alfalfa and crimson clover silage inoculated with RJ1 and S22 showed significantly decreased pH and an increased LAB population at the end of fermentation. Also, the highest lactic acid production was noted (p < 0.05) in LAB-inoculated silage vs. non-inoculated legume silage at high moisture. Overall, the data suggest that RJ1 and S22 could be effective strains for fermentation of legume silage.

VALIDATION OF THEIN VITROINCUBATION OF EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS MUSCLE FROM MICE WITH A MATHEMATICAL MODEL

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 687-707
Author(s):  
PETER SOGAARD ◽  
MIKAEL HARLÉN ◽  
YUN CHAU LONG ◽  
FERENC SZEKERES ◽  
BRIAN R. BARNES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diabetes Research ◽  
Spatial Differences

In vitro incubation of tissues; in particular, skeletal muscles from rodents, is a widely-used experimental method in diabetes research. This experimental method has previously been validated, both experimentally and theoretically. However, much of the method's experimental data remains unclear, including the high-rate of lactate production and the lack of an observable increase in glycogen content, within a given time. The predominant hypothesis explaining the high-rate of lactate production is that this phenomenon is dependent on a mechanism in glycolysis that works as a safety valve, producing lactate when glucose uptake is super-physiological. Another hypothesis is that existing anoxia forces more ATP to be produced from glycolysis, leading to an increased lactate concentration. The lack of an observable increase in glycogen content is assumed to be dependent on limitations in sensitivity of the measuring method used. We derived a mathematical model to investigate which of these hypotheses is most likely to be correct. Using our model, data analysis indicates that the in vitro incubated muscle specimens, most likely are sensing the presence of existing anoxia, rather than an overflow in glycolysis. The anoxic milieu causes the high lactate production. The model also predicts an increased glycogenolysis. After mathematical analyses, an estimation of the glycogen concentration could be made with a reduced model. In conclusion, central anoxia is likely to cause spatial differences in glycogen concentrations throughout the entire muscle. Thus, data regarding total glycogen levels in the incubated muscle do not accurately represent the entire organ. The presented model allows for an estimation of total glycogen, despite spatial differences present in the muscle specimen.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization Indigenous of Lactobacillus spfrom Bovine Rumen Fluidof Slaughterhouse

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Tri Nurhajati ◽  
Koesnoto Soepranianondo ◽  
Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari ◽  
Adriana Monica Sahidu
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Pcr Method

The discovery and characterisation of indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important for diversity microbes as candidate probiotic. This research was aimed to identify lactic acid bacteria isolate from isolation process of local bovine rumen fluid from slaughterhouse in Surabaya Indonesia. Genotypic testing was conducted by analyzing 16S rDNA and biochemical identification. DNA of sample isolate was isolated and then amplified in vitro through the PCR method. Determination of nucleotide sequence of 16S rDNA was performed with sequencing method. The result of nucleotide sequence was than compared with GenBank database. The BLAST was then applied to identify the phylogenetic tree. Based on the biochemical characterization and nucleotide sequences, that isolate was identified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus subsp TG15. The result of this research showed that L.rhamnosus subsp TG15 showed viability bacteria in MRSA as control as much as 1.1 x 108 CFU/ml, mean while in MRSA pH 2, L.rhamnosus subsp TG15 showed its viability as much as 9.3 x 106 CFU/ml. Viability of isolate on bile tolerance 0.3% was 2.4 x 107 CFU/ml). Index antagonist bacteria test on S.aureus showed inhibition diameter as much as 2.0 mm and in antagonist test on E.coli as much as 2.5 mm. Based on the result, it could be concluded that this research found a new strain of lactic acid bacteria, L.rhamnosus subsp TG15 and that isolate has ability as the probiotic candidate. Keywords: L.rhamnosus subsp TG15; survival on acidity; bile salts; S.aureus and E.coli

Volatile fatty acid proportions and lactic acid metabolism in the rumen in sheep and cattle receiving silage diets

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Chamberlain ◽  
P. C. Thomas ◽  
Fiona J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Lactate Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Lactic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Cell Synthesis

SUMMARYA total of 21 rumen-cannulated wether sheep and six rumen-cannulated Ayrshire cows were used in a series of experiments to investigate fermentation in the rumen in animals given silage diets and the nominal metabolism of silage lactic acid. Dietary experiments with sheep (three experiments) and cows (two experiments) given diets consisting of formic acid–preserved perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) silages, in some cases with supplements of rolled barley, were conducted to investigate the ruminal concentrations of lactic acid and of volatile fatty acids (VFA) after feeding. Ingestion of silage was followed by a short-lived peak in lactic acid concentration in the rumen and by a subsequent increase in the concentration of propionate or propionate and butyrate. Butyrate production was more evident in cattle than in sheep. Taken as an average over a 6 h period of sampling the proportions (m-mol/mol total VFA) of acetate, propionate and butyrate in the rumen in animals given silage alone were typically 590–600, 210–250 and 70–150 respectively. When silage was supplemented with barley, in both sheep and cattle, the proportion of propionate was reduced and the proportion of butyrate was increased. In one experiment with sheep these changes in fermentation pattern were shown to be accompanied by an increase in the number of rumen protozoa from 2·78×105/ml to 18·66·105/ml (P<0·01). However, in a subsequent experiment it was shown that defaunation led to an increase in the proportion of butyrate in the rumen.Twelve estimates were also made with sheep of the metabolism of lactic acid infused into the rumen in a single dose of 20–50 g. These experiments showed that both (L+) and DL-lactio acid were metabolized equally rapidly with a half-life of approximately 25 min. In faunated animals the major products of fermentation were propionate with a small amount of butyrate. In defaunated animals lactate metabolism was slowed and the major product of fermentation was butyrate.In vitrostudies of lactate fermentation were carried out using strained liquor and isolated bacterial and protozoal fractions from the rumen of sheep receiving silage diets. The rates of lactate disappearance (μg/mg protein/h) were 50 and 22·2 for the rumen liquor and bacterial fraction, respectively, which were significantly (P<0·05,n= 5) less than the rate of 294·7 for the protozoal fraction. Rumen liquor, bacterial and protozoal fractions yielded a similar mixture of fermentation end-products, propionate accounting for approximately 60% of the VFA produced.The results are discussed in relation to the metabolism of silage lactic acid in the rumen, the production of VFA and the yield of ATP for microbial cell synthesis. It is concluded that the pathways of lactate fermentation are regulated by the rumen microbial population and that protozoa may have an important role in the regulation of lactate fermentation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document