EVALUATION OF BULL AND COW FERTILITY AT PASTURE IN SINGLE-SIRE MATING

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MAKARECHIAN ◽  
A. FARID ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Daily Gain

Pregnancy rates and calving dates of beef cows in 27 single-sire breeding herds mated to yearling or 2-yr old bulls were used in this study. The breed groups of bulls were Hereford and Beef Synthetic and cow herds were Hereford, Hereford cross and Beef Synthetic, respectively. A week before the start of the breeding season the bulls were scored for libido, their scrotal circumferences were measured and semen samples were collected. Semen volume, sperm motility and percent normal cells were evaluated. The average bull to cow ratio was 1:20. Pregnancy rate increased as age and body weight of cows increased, but it was independent of the previous calving date. Calving date was not related to body weight or age of cow, but it was influenced by the previous calving date. Each day delay in calving after the first 5 wk of calving season resulted in a 0.7-day delay in the date of calving during the next calving season. The Beef Synthetic-sired herds had higher pregnancy rates (P < 0.05) than the Hereford-sired herds, but the average calving dates of the two groups were similar. Cows mated to 2-yr-old bulls had 5% higher (P = 0.12) pregnancy rate than those mated to yearling bulls. Five of the herds showed low fertility and late calving, probably due to low fertility of the bulls. Yearling weight and feedlot average daily gain were positively (P < 0.05) related to bull fertility. The number of services performed by a bull during a 10 min libido test and total libido score were also found to be useful in assessing bull fertility, but scrotal circumference or semen traits were not related to fertility of bulls when used in single-sire mating at pasture. Key words: Beef cattle, bull fertility, single-sire mating

scholarly journals Influence of Different Feeding Ratio of Pomegranate Peels Powder on Testicular Dimensions, Body Weight and Testosterone Concentration in Karadi Male Lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Daily Gain

The current study was presented to conclude the influence of different ratio of pomegranate peel powder (PP) in feed of Karadi male lambs, they divided to 4 groups (0% as a control, 1% treatment 1, 2% treatment 2 and 4% as treatment 3), on scrotal circumference (SC), scrotum height (SH), body weight (BW) and blood serum testosterone concentration (T). In this study, sixteen (16) of Karadi male lambs used with 24.30 ± 0.40 kg weight and with 4-5 months old, all lambs have been randomly divided equally into four (4) groups and individually penned in a box for during 63 days. Results in our study showed that SC was significantly different and recorded higher 17.875±0.54 cm in group that fed on 1% PP, also SH recorded higher and significant different in group fed on 1% PP compared with other groups 10.000±0.32 cm. Average blood serum testosterone reduces in all groups compared to control group that fed on 0% of PP (11.418±0.15 n.mol/L). Final body weight in our study had significantly different (P < 0.05) between groups, 1% PP recorded higher weight (34.9 ± 0.58) kg. Each average daily gain, total body gain and initial body weight had not significant different in all groups. Correlation coefficient between SC, SH, blood serum testosterone concentration and final BW computed and ranged between (-0.397 to + 0.914).

Effects of a growth implant and age of dam on growth and fertility in heifer calves

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Rutter ◽  
P. A. Day
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Pelvic Area ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Growth Implant ◽  
Calving Difficulty ◽  
Daily Gain

A field trial was conducted to determine the effects of a growth implant on growth, pregnancy rate, calving difficulty and calf weaning weight in replacement beef heifers. Heifers were assigned equally to either a control (n = 43; no implant), Ralgro (n = 43) or Synovex-C (n = 42) treatment group based on age of dam and age and weight at the start of the trial (implantation at 45–90 d of age). Neither Ralgro nor Synovex-C enhanced heifer weight or average daily gain (ADG) from the start of the trial to weaning (approximately 7 mo of age), breeding, or pregnancy determination. At breeding, Synovex-C implanted heifers had greater pelvic area than controls while Ralgro implanted heifers were intermediate (control = 149.7, Ralgro = 154.7 and Synovex-C = 157.4 pooled SE of 2.2 cm2; P = 0.05). Pelvic dimensions were similar among treatments at pregnancy determination and there were no treatment effects on calving difficulty. Age of dam affected heifer weight (P = 0.0005) and ADG (P = 0.001) to weaning, with heifers from mature cows weighing more at weaning and having a higher ADG from the start of the study to weaning than heifers from either first- or second-calf cows. Post-weaning performance of heifers from first-calf cows was similar to heifers from mature cows while heifers from second-calf cows were lighter at breeding (P = 0.04) and had a lower ADG from weaning to breeding (P = 0.04). Age of dam did not influence pregnancy rate (P = 0.10), but more heifers from second-calf cows calved late in the calving season (≥ 64 d) compared with heifers from either first-calf or mature cows (P = 0.04). It appears from this field trial that use of a growth implant between 45 and 90 d of age neither enhanced growth nor impaired fertility in beef heifers bred as yearlings. It also appears that second-calf 3-yr-olds may need to be managed separately from the mature cow herd in order to optimize replacement heifer development. Key words: Bovine, replacement heifers, growth implant, age of dam, weight, pregnancy rate

scholarly journals Direct and indirect nutritional factors that determine reproductive performance of heifer and primiparous cows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidiane R. Eloy ◽  
Carolina Bremm ◽  
José F. P. Lobato ◽  
Luciana Pötter ◽  
Emilio A. Laca
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractPregnancy rate is a major determinant of population dynamics of wild ungulates and of productivity of livestock systems. Allocation of feeding resources, including stocking rates, prior to and during the breeding season is a crucial determinant of this vital rate. Thus, quantification of effects and interaction among multiple factors that affect pregnancy rate is essential for management and conservation of pasture-based systems. Pregnancy rate of 2982 heifers and primiparous cows was studied as a function of animal category, average daily gain during the breeding season, stocking rate, pasture type and body weight at the beginning of the breeding season. Data were obtained from 43 experiments conducted in commercial ranches and research stations in the Pampas region between 1976 and 2015. Stocking rate ranged from 200 to 464 kg live weight/ha, which brackets values for most of the grazinglands in similar regions. Age at breeding was 14-36 months (24.6 ± 7.5 months); initial breeding weights were 129-506 kg and 194-570 kg for heifers and primiparous cows. Pregnancy rate was modeled with an apriori set of explanatory variables where proximate variables (breed, body weight at start of breeding, weight gain during breeding and category) were included first and subsequently modeled as functions of other variables (pasture type, supplementation and stocking rate). This modeling approach allowed detection of direct and indirect effects (through nutrition and body weight) of factors that affect pregnancy rate. Taurine (Bos taurus breeds, N = 1058) had higher pregnancy rate than B. Taurus x B. indicus crossbreed (N = 1924) females. Pregnancy rate of heifers and primiparous cows grazing in natural grasslands decreased with increasing stocking rate, but no effect of stocking rate was detected in cultivated and improved pastures. Pregnancy rate increased with increasing average daily gain during the breeding season. Use of cultivated or improved natural pastures promotes higher pregnancy rate, as well as allows higher in stocking rate at the regional level. Body weight at the start of the breeding season is the primary determinant of pregnancy rates in heifer and primiparous cows.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF PLANE OF NUTRITION AND REARING METHOD ON YANKASA LAMBS: GROWTH RATE, SCROTAL DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
G. N. Akpa ◽  
N. I. Dim ◽  
O. A. Osinowo ◽  
E. O. Oyedipe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rearing Method ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Rearing Methods ◽  
Daily Gain

The study examined the effects of plane of nutrition and rearing method on growth rate, increase in scrotal size; and age, body weight and scrotal circumference at puberty, in Yankasa ram lambs. Thirty-six ram lambs and 18 ewe lambs with mean age and body weight of 1453±17.7 days and 10.1 1±2.6kg respectively were used for the four-month trial. Animalswere randomised in a 3x2 factorial design with plane of nutrition at 3 levels (low, medium and high) and rearing method at 2 levels (males alone and mixture of males and females). Plane of nutrition had bighly significant (P<0.01) effect on average daily gain (ADG). Animals on the low, medium and high planes gained daily  66.8±5.5, 77.8±5.6 and 89.0±5.6 respectively. Effects of plane of nutrition and rearing methods on changes in scrotal circumference were not significant. Age, body weight and scrotal circumference at puberty in the ram lambs averaged 232.5±12.7 days, 18.3±0.4 kg and 22.7±3.1 cm respectively. Body weight at puberty averaged 17.2±1.7, 18.6±0.9 and 19.0±1.4 kg for animals fed low, medium and high planes of nutrition respectively.

EVALUATION OF BULL FERTILITY IN MULTIPLE-SIRE MATING AT PASTURE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MAKARECHIAN ◽  
A. FARID ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Blood Typing ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Sperm Volume ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Beef Bull ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Percent Normal ◽  
Insignificant Correlation

Pregnancy rates and calving dates of beef cows in four multiple-sire breeding herds in 1980 and 1981 were used to evaluate bull fertility. The bulls were from Hereford, Beef Synthetic and Dairy Synthetic breed groups, and were measured for scrotal circumference, scored for libido and evaluated for semen characteristics 1 wk before the commencement of breeding. Three yearling bulls were assigned to approximately 70 cows in each of the four herds (a total of 12 bulls) during a 60-d breeding season. The progeny of each sire were identified by blood typing. There was one bull in each breeding herd which sired at least 50% of the calves. The average age was higher in bulls with the maximum fertility (P < 0.05) than those with the minimum fertility within each herd. The bulls with minimum fertility within each herd tended (P = 0.08) to lose more weight during the period between yearling and breeding man those with higher fertility. Age of bull and percent normal spermatozoa were the only traits which were associated (P < 0.05) with bull fertility when data were pooled over the herds. Scrotal circumference, sperm volume, preweaning average daily gain, weaning weight and daily gain in the period between yearling and breeding showed positive but insignificant correlation with bull fertility. The measures of libido did not show any association with fertility. Key words: Cattle (beef), bull fertility, multiple-sire mating

scholarly journals Determination of Maintenance Energy Requirements for Fattening Castrated Korean Black Goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1543
Author(s):  
Sang-Ho Moon ◽  
Yeong Sik Yun ◽  
Na Yeon Kim ◽  
Sanguk Chung ◽  
Qi Man Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Daily Gain

Twelve adult (10 months old) castrated Korean black goats, with an average initial body weight of 24.98 ± 3.7 kg, were used in this experiment to determine their maintenance energy requirements. Dry matter intakes (g/d, p = 0.945) were not affected by energy levels, but metabolic energy intake (kcal/d, p < 0.002) and average daily gain (g/d, p < 0.001) were significantly increased at higher energy levels. Nutrient digestibility was similar in the treatments, but crude fat digestibility increased with the addition of protective fat powder (p = 0.001). The energy required for fattening the castrated Korean black goats was estimated using the correlation between metabolic energy intake per dietary body weight and average daily gain per dietary body weight. The Y-axis intercept value was calculated to be 108.76 kcal/kg BW0.75 (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.6036), which was the metabolic energy requirement for maintaining the lives of the fattening Korean black goats. The estimated energy requirements of the black goat can improve specification techniques, such as the energy level and the amount of feed supply required for domestic black goats.

scholarly journals Nucleotide Supplementation to Whole Milk Has Beneficial Effects on Post-Weaning Holstein Calf Performance

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Yousef Abbaslou ◽  
Davood Zahmatkesh ◽  
Ehsan Mahjoubi ◽  
Mehdi Hossein Yazdi ◽  
Hamed Beiranvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Fecal Score

The positive effects of nucleotide (NU) supplementation in milk replacer have been elucidated in infants and in dairy calves; however, NU addition to whole milk has not been evaluated previously. This study aimed to assess NU supplementation in the whole milk on calf growth and health. Thirty Holstein calves (body weight: 39.1 ± 1.0 kg; 3 d after birth) were randomly assigned to the following treatments: whole milk without any supplementation (NU0), whole milk + 0.5 g/d added a NU-containing supplement to whole milk (NUCS0.5), and whole milk + 1 g/d added a NU-containing supplement to whole milk (NUCS1). Calves were weaned at d 55 and stayed on study until d 75. Calves had free access to feed and water throughout the study. Dry matter intakes (DMI) were similar among treatments (p > 0.05) during the pre-weaning period; however, increasing NU resulted in a linear (p < 0.05) increase in DMI during the post weaning period (2158, 2432, and 2518 g/d for NU0, NUCS0.5, and NUCS1, respectively). Treatments did not affect body weight (BW) at the first and second month of study, but final BW linearly increased as NU was added (87.1, 90.6, and 95.4 kg for NU0, NUCS0.5, and NUCS1, respectively). Neither pre-weaning average daily gain nor post-weaning average daily gain was affected by treatments; accordingly, feed efficiency was similar among treatment groups. Days with loose fecal score were linearly decreased as NU was added to whole milk during the first month of life, while the fecal score did not differ among treatments until the end of the study. No difference was observed in the skeletal growth of calves in the current study. Therefore, it can be concluded that NU supplementation in the whole milk has some beneficial effects on calf performance in terms of final BW, post-weaning DMI, and less days with loose feces.

scholarly journals 93 Evaluation of the intake and digestibility of ensiled residual material from edamame soybean processing with and without the use of an inoculant

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
Ellen M Herring ◽  
Elizabeth B Kegley ◽  
Ken Coffey ◽  
Shane Gadberry ◽  
Jeremy G Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Soybean Processing ◽  
Silage Inoculant ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This research evaluated the effects of ensiled edamame soybean processing waste on ruminant intake and total tract digestibility. Waste from processing stored edamame was obtained (3 trips) and wilted (28%, 25%, and 37% DM), then treated with or without inoculant (Lactobacillus buchneri) and ensiled in 167 L plastic barrels (2 or 3 barrels/treatment from each trip) for 72 (Trip 1) or 69 (Trip 2 and 3) days. Pregnant ewes (n = 18; body weight = 55.5 ± 1.2 kg; 2 to 3 years old) were blocked by body weight and assigned randomly within a block to treatments within a trip, then each ewe was assigned to a barrel of silage. Ewes were housed individually in 1 × 1.5-m pens and offered silage for a 10-day adaptation period followed by 7 days of total feces and urine collection. Ewes were offered silage to allow for 10% orts and were offered 0.2% of their body weight of soyhulls and 32 g of mineral supplement/day to meet their predicted nutrient requirements for gestating ewes. Ewes consumed 1,616 ± 54 g DM/day (X ± SEM) or 2.9 ± 0.12% of their body weight and there was no effect (P ≥ 0.85) of inoculant treatment on DM intake (g/day or % of body weight). Dry matter digestibility was not affected (P = 0.98) by inoculant and averaged 55.7 ± 0.66%. Ewe average daily gain for the 17-day trial tended to be greater (P = 0.08) for the ewes offered the silage without inoculant (0.18 vs. 0.04 kg/d). Ensiling edamame processing waste yielded a feed that ewes consumed in adequate amounts to maintain their body weights over 17 days when also supplemented with soyhulls. The addition of silage inoculant had minimal effects on intake, digestibility, or ewe body weight change.

Effects in bacon pigs of differing levels of nutrition to 20 kg. body weight

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning E. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Daily Gain

Sixteen blocks of eight littermate pigs were weaned at 3 weeks of age and each divided into four groups. Various levels of nutrition were applied to the pigs so that the four groups reached 20 kg. at 59, 68, 80 and 91 days of age, respectively.Only small differences were observed between groups in feed conversion ratio to 20 kg.; however, Group 4 required more feed per kg. gain than the three other groups.During the second period (20–90 kg.) the pigs in each group were divided into two sub-groups, which were on a high and a low plane of nutrition respectively. In both sub-groups the type of feeding before 20 kg. influenced the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio. The older the pigs were at 20 kg. the higher the daily gain and the lower the feed conversion ratio in the following period. There was an increase in daily feed intake with increased age at 20 kg. for pigs fed ad lib. during the second period.An increase in age at 20 kg. caused a significant decrease in thickness of backfat, a greater area of eye muscle and a smaller area of fat overlying muscle. For pigs fed ad lib. the area of eye muscle was significantly increased by a higher age at 20 kg. live-weight.

PSXIII-15 Impact of forage allowance on performance and reproductive parameters in Nellore heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 467-468
Author(s):  
Igor M Ferreira ◽  
Iorrano A Cidrini ◽  
Karla Oliveira ◽  
Luciana Sousa ◽  
Laura F Prados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effects of forage allowance on the performance and pregnancy rate of Nellore heifers submitted to the fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) at 14±1 months. The experimental period was divided into the growing phase (GP; 173d) and breeding season (83d). Ninety weaned Nellore heifers [169±19 kg of body weight (BW); 210±28 days of age] were blocked by initial BW and randomly assigned to receive different forage allowance: (1) High (HFA; 7.17 kgDM/kgBW; and (2) Low (LFA; 3.27 kgDM/kgBW); and divided into 6 paddocks (2.15 to 2.4 ha each one). The grazing method used was continuous stocking with a variable stocking rate where treatment conditions were established varying the stocking rate on pasture (put-and-take). The supplement consisted of corn, soybean meal, urea, monensin, sodium chloride and minerals mix (80% TDN and 24% CP) and was provided daily (ad libitum; expected intake around 1% of BW). The final pregnancy rate was determined after two FTAI (d256). Heifers BW at the end of the GP was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for HFA vs. LFA (268 vs. 255 kg). The overall average daily gain (ADG) was greater 68 g/d for animals maintained in HFA than LFA (P &lt; 0.01; 0.713 vs. 0.645 kg/d). Supplement intake (kg/animal/d) had no treatment effect (P = 0.117). On d173, forage allowance affected (P &lt; 0.01) the backfat thickness obtained by real-time carcass ultrasound (HFA = 3.08 vs. LFA = 2.85 mm). The pregnancy rate had no treatment effect (P = 0.223; on average 61%). However, the pregnant heifers per hectare had treatment effect (P = 0.036; HFA = 3.78 vs. LFA = 2.72 pregnant heifers/ha). In conclusion, the low forage allowance reduces the animal performance and affects the carcass composition but provides a greater number of pregnant heifers per hectare.

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