DRY MATTER, ETHER EXTRACT, ASH AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF TOE HORN-WALL FROM CROSSBRED BOARS AS INFLUENCED BY NUTRITION AND AGE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. LEPINE ◽  
E. T. KORNEGAY ◽  
H. S. BARTLETT ◽  
D. R. NOTTER
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Over Time

The effects of dietary energy level (ad libitum and 75% of ad libitum) and mineral-vitamin intake (100 and 150% of NAS-NRC daily recommendations) on dry matter, ether extract, ash and mineral composition of hard horn-wall taken from front and rear and inside and outside toes were studied in crossbred boars necropsied at 15-day intervals from 85 to 295 days on test starting at 35 days of age. With the exception of Ca and P contents which were higher for restricted-fed boars, restricted energy level and elevated mineral-vitamin intake had little or no effect on horn-wall composition, when expressed on a weight-corrected basis. Horn-wall dry matter, ether extract and Zn content increased over time while ash, P, Mg, Cu, Mn and Fe content decreased with little change in Ca content. Front toes had a lower ether extract, Fe and Mn content than hind toes, and outside toes had a higher content of P, Mg and Mn and a lower content of Cu and Zn than outside toes. Toe size (area and volume) was directly correlated with dry matter, Ca, P, Mg and Zn content, but was inversely correlated with ash, Cu, Fe and Mn content of horn-wall. There appeared to be no relationship between toe size and ether extract content of horn-wall. Horn-wall composition changes occurred over time with only minor effects of nutrition treatments. Although composition of horn-wall varied due to location and size of toe, there appeared to be no relationship between horn-wall composition and toe lesion scores. Key words: Swine, nutrition, toe horn-wall composition, minerals

Development of the mobile bag technique to determine the degradation kinetics of purified starch sources in the pre-caecal segment of the equine digestive tract

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 138-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
B M L McLean ◽  
J J Hyslop ◽  
A C Longland ◽  
D Cuddeford ◽  
T Hollands
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Digestive Processes

Previous work has shown that the mobile bag technique (MBT) can be used to study the dynamics of digestive processes in the whole tract of ponies (Hyslopet al, 1998). This experiment further develops the MBT as a method to study feed degradation dynamics over time in the pre-caecal segment of the digestive tract of ponies.Two caecally-fistulated mature Welsh-cross pony geldings (LW 270kg) were offered 4kg of dry matter (DM) per day of a 1:3 rolled barley:hay cube mix plus minerals, in 2 equal meals per day at 09:00 and 17:00h. Grass hay was also offeredad libitumbetween 17:00 and 09:00h. Two sizes of mobile bag (6 x 1 cm Ø-large and 4 x 1 cm Ø- small) made from monofilament polyester with a 7 μm pore size were used.

Development of the mobile bag technique to study the degradation dynamics of forage feed constituents in the whole digestive tract of equids

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 129-129
Author(s):  
J. J. Hyslop ◽  
A. L. Tomlinson ◽  
A. Bayley ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Tube ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Single Time Point ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Point

The mobile bag technique (MBT) has recently been used to provide single time point estimates of feed digestibility in both the small intestine (Macheboeuf et al 1996) and the whole tract of equids (Hyslop and Cuddeford 1996). This experiment develops the use of the MBT as a method to study the dynamics of the digestive process over time in the whole tract of ponies.Three mature Welsh-cross pony geldings (270 kg LW) were offered ad libitum threshed grass hay plus minerals. Two sizes of mobile bag (6 x 1 cm Ø - large & 4 x 1 cm Ø - small) made from monofilament polyester with a 41 μrn pore size containing either 200 or 130 mg of feed respectively were used. Bags containing either dehydrated alfalfa (DHA), threshed grass hay (THAY), dehydrated grass (DHG) or grass hay (HAY) were introduced directly into the stomach via a naso-gastric tube in batches of 22 (14 large and 8 small). Batches of bags were administered twice daily on days 1, 2, 8 and 9 of a 14 day period according to an incomplete latin square experimental design giving a total of 44 bags per feed in each pony. On recovery in the faeces, dry matter (DM) disappearances were calculated for each bag.

EFFECTS OF MONENSIN AND RYEGRASS STRAW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FEEDLOT LAMBS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. SHQUEIR ◽  
D. L. THOMAS ◽  
W. H. KENNICK
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Feedlot Lambs

Sixty single-reared lambs sired by Hampshire rams were used to study the effects of monensin and ryegrass straw on feedlot performance. Two levels of monensin (0 and 27.5 ppm) and two levels of ryegrass straw (0 and 25%) were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement. Each of the four pelleted diets was fed ad libitum to 15 lambs. Monensin-fed lambs had lower (P < 0.10) feed intakes, smaller (P < 0.05) loin eye areas and higher (P < 0.10) carcass quality grades than lambs not fed monensin. Although the difference was not significant (P > 0.10), monensin-fed lambs also had improved feed efficiencies over lambs not fed monensin. Crude protein, ether extract and crude fiber digestibilities of the diets were increased by the addition of monensin. Lambs fed ryegrass straw had lower (P < 0.01) average daily carcass gains, lower (P < 0.10) carcass quality grades, lower (P < 0.05) dressing percentages and smaller (P < 0.10) loin eye areas than lambs not fed ryegrass straw. Diet total digestible nutrients and dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract digestibilities were reduced (P < 0.05) when ryegrass straw was present. Key words: Sheep, feedlot lambs, ryegrass straw, monensin

Development of the mobile bag technique to study the degradation dynamics of forage feed constituents in the whole digestive tract of equids

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 129-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Hyslop ◽  
A. L. Tomlinson ◽  
A. Bayley ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Tube ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Single Time Point ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Point

The mobile bag technique (MBT) has recently been used to provide single time point estimates of feed digestibility in both the small intestine (Macheboeuf et al 1996) and the whole tract of equids (Hyslop and Cuddeford 1996). This experiment develops the use of the MBT as a method to study the dynamics of the digestive process over time in the whole tract of ponies.Three mature Welsh-cross pony geldings (270 kg LW) were offered ad libitum threshed grass hay plus minerals. Two sizes of mobile bag (6 x 1 cm Ø - large & 4 x 1 cm Ø - small) made from monofilament polyester with a 41 μrn pore size containing either 200 or 130 mg of feed respectively were used. Bags containing either dehydrated alfalfa (DHA), threshed grass hay (THAY), dehydrated grass (DHG) or grass hay (HAY) were introduced directly into the stomach via a naso-gastric tube in batches of 22 (14 large and 8 small). Batches of bags were administered twice daily on days 1, 2, 8 and 9 of a 14 day period according to an incomplete latin square experimental design giving a total of 44 bags per feed in each pony. On recovery in the faeces, dry matter (DM) disappearances were calculated for each bag.

scholarly journals Uptake of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn by maize in the strip cropping system  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Głowacka
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Micronutrient Uptake ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
The Impact

A field experiment was conducted in 2008&ndash;2010 at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in Zamość (50&deg;42'N, 23&deg;16'E), University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of cropping method and weed control methods on the content of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn in maize and on their uptake. Two cropping methods were studied &ndash; sole cropping and strip cropping (common bean, dent maize and spring barley in adjacent strips) and two weed control methods &ndash; mechanical and chemical. Strip cropping reduced Mn content in maize, did not significantly affect Zn content, and increased accumulation of Cu and Fe. The content and uptake of the elements by maize depended on the position of the row in the strip and on the adjacent plant species. Placement next to beans resulted in higher Fe and Zn content, while placement next to barley increased Cu content. The highest Mn content was noted in maize from the centre row. In general, micronutrient uptake by maize was lowest in the middle row. These results indicate that strip cropping can be an effective agricultural practise for plant biofortification.

The nutrition of the early weaned lamb:III. The effect of ad libitum intake of diets varying in protein concentration on performance and on body composition at different live weights

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
I. McDonald ◽  
C. Fraser ◽  
Elizabeth L. Corse
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

SUMMARY1. Fifty lambs weaned at about 5 weeks of age were fed ad libitum on mixtures of barley and fish meal containing either 11·0, 15·7 or 19·4% crude protein in dry matter. Male and female lambs on each diet were killed at intervals, starting after they had been on the diets for 3 weeks. The last to be killed had attained a live weight of about 55 kg.2. The mean rate of voluntary feed consumption was less at all live weights for the lambs on the diet containing 11·0% crude protein than for those on the other diets and the difference was statistically significant at live weights of 30 and 35 kg. Mean rates of live-weight gain on the low, medium and high protein diets were respectively 191, 270 and 330 g per day for the male lambs and 177, 225 and 301 g per day for the females, the increase with protein concentration being highly significant. Feed conversion rate (kg feed/kg gain) over the whole experiment increased with increasing weight at slaughter. After adjustment for this effect the mean values showed significant dietary effects, and were least on the highest protein concentration.3. The percentages (y) of nitrogen or of ether extract in the dry matter of the carcass or of the whole empty body were found to be related non-linearly to the empty-body weight (x) at time of slaughter. The relationships were satisfactorily described by equations of the form y = A + Be-Cx, where A, B and C were fitted constants. The relationships for males and females had to be fitted separately, but a common value of A could be used with each of the three groups of male lambs and similarly for the three female groups.4. These relationships were used to obtain estimates of the nitrogen, ether extract and energy content of empty-body gain per unit live-weight gain. The estimated percentages of energy retained as fat were of the order of 76–83%, in agreement with ARC estimates (1965), except for male lambs between 14 and 20 kg live weight on medium or high-protein diets, for which the estimates were only 62 and 63%.5. The implications of these relationships are discussed with particular reference to the finding of dietary effects on body composition during the growth period of the lambs and to the tendency for these differences in body composition to diminish as mature live weight was approached. The differences in body composition between male and female lambs showed no such tendency to diminish.

The effect of protein level in creep feed on the growth rate and body composition of sucking pigs

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthea W. W. Whitelaw ◽  
F. W. H. Elsley ◽  
A. S. Jones ◽  
A. W. Boyne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Large White ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Ad Libitum

1. Three creep feeds containing 14, 18 and 22% crude protein of similar protein quality (as measured by total lysine and total methionine plus cystino content) but with similar levels of other nutrients were given ad libitum to 210 pigs, the progeny of thirty large White sows from 21 to 56 days old.2. At 21 days old, each litter was reduced to seven piglets by killing one, two or three pigs at random. The whole pig was analysed for protein, ether extract, ash and dry matter.3. At 56 days, 3 further pigs were killed in each litter and analysed in a similar manner.

Studies On Browse Plants in Ghana II. Digestibility, (d) Digestibility Of Grewia Carpinifolia From The Accra Plains, Using Local Cattle As Experimental Animals

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
G. L. Mabey ◽  
R. Rose Innes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Accra Plains

SummaryDigestibility of the palatable indigenous shrub Grewia carpinifolia was investigated. Digestion coefficients (%) were—organic matter 70, dry matter 70, crude protein 78, crude fibre 54, nitrogenfree extract 81, ether extract 13 and ash 52. Calculated nutritive values were—starch equivalent 27.3 and digestible crude protein 5.0, giving a nutritive ratio of about 1 : 5. The material used was moderately young.

scholarly journals Contribution of green organs to grain weight in dryland wheat from the 1940s to the 2010s in Shaanxi Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Sun ◽  
Suiqi Zhang ◽  
Jiakun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Replacement Process ◽  
Defoliation Treatment ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEight dryland winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), which were widely cultivated from the 1940s to the 2010s in Shaanxi Province, China, were selected and grown in plots, and two water treatments (irrigation and drought) were used to identify the contribution of ears, leaves and stems to grain weight and grain number associated with cultivar replacement. The plant height and stem dry weight of the dryland wheat decreased significantly during the cultivar replacement process, but there was a remarkable increase in the dry matter translocation of stems under irrigation. Shaded-ear and defoliation treatment could decrease the grain number and grain weight, and the grain weight was more influenced. Both the leaf and ear are important photosynthetic sources for dryland wheat, and the contribution of ear assimilates showed a significant increase over time; however, the contribution of leaf assimilates showed a negative correlation with cultivation over time. The accumulation of stem assimilates and ear photosynthesis both increased the grain weight potential. In the future breeding process, cultivars with more assimilates stored in the stem and greater assimilative capacity of ears, especially a greater contribution of ear assimilates, are expected to increase the grain yield.

UTILIZATION OF GRASS SILAGE BY CATTLE: EFFECT OF BARLEY AND FISHMEAL SUPPLEMENTS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
M. IVAN ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
J. G. PROULX
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Following weaning at 6–7 mo of age, 36 beef steers were used to determine production responses when grass silage was supplemented with barley or fishmeal. The silage was made from direct-cut, formic- acid-treated grass harvested from a mixed sward and had a high nitrogen content but poor fermentation characteristics. The silage was fed ad libitum for 98 days either alone or supplemented with 500 g fishmeal or 500 g barley per day. Both fishmeal and barley increased total dry matter intake (P < 0.01) by an amount equivalent to the quantity of supplement offered but had no effect on silage intake (P > 0.05). Steers fed the fishmeal grew substantially faster than either the barley (0.53 kg/day) or unsupplemented (0.54 kg/day) groups (P < 0.01). Fishmeal supplementation resulted in a large reduction (35%) in the amount of feed required per kilogram of gain. Key words: Cattle, grass silage, fishmeal, growth

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