LINE-OF-MALE EFFECTS ON LIFETIME PERFORMANCE IN MICE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-340
Author(s):  
J. NAGAI ◽  
A. J. McALLISTER ◽  
J. MASAKI
Keyword(s):  
Total Weight ◽  
Lifetime Data ◽  
Hybrid Male ◽  
Lifetime Performance ◽  
Group I ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Generation Line ◽  
Synthetic Line

Six straight-bred lines of mice were used both as straight-bred (STR) lines and to set up five crisscross (CC) lines (classes) and five repeat hybrid male cross (RHMC) lines, (classes). Females in each line were pair-mated with either males of the same line (group I) or males from a synthetic line (group II). Pairs were maintained for up to 155 days after mating (lifetime). Data from six generations were analyzed to examine differences between group I and group II in lifetime performance for each line in each generation. Line-of-male effects for the above difference (group I–Group II) expressed as a percentage of the average of group I and group II means were, under CC, RHMC and STR, −11, +5 and −2 for number of parturitions during 155 days, −12, +3, and −7 for total number of young born alive, −12, + 2 and −8 for total weight of young born alive, −12, +3 and −8 for total number of young at weaning, −11, +2 and −8 for total weight of young at weaning and −8, +3 and −1 for actual days of reproductive life, respectively. Lifetime performance of females differed depending on males used for mating, and F1 males were superior to males from the synthetic line which excelled males from straight-bred lines. Key words: Male, lifetime performance, reproduction, mice

scholarly journals Genetic Differentiation of Magnaporthe oryzae Populations from Scouting Plots and Commercial Rice Fields in Korea

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-Y. Park ◽  
M. G. Milgroom ◽  
S. S. Han ◽  
S. Kang ◽  
Y.-H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Set Up

A previous study of the diversity and population structure of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, over a 20-year period in Korea, found novel fingerprint haplotypes each year, and the authors hypothesized that populations might experience annual bottlenecks. Based on this model, we predicted that M. oryzae populations would have little or no genetic differentiation among geographic regions because rice blast is commonly found throughout Korea each year and M. oryzae would have to disperse from small populations surviving annually between rice crops. To test this hypothesis, we sampled M. oryzae from rice fields in eight provinces in Korea in a single year (1999). In four provinces, we sampled from a set of rice cultivars commonly grown in commercial fields (group I); because of low disease incidence in four other provinces, we could not sample from commercial fields and instead sampled from scouting plots of different cultivars set up for detecting new pathotypes of M. oryzae (group II). All isolates were genotyped with DNA fingerprint probes MGR586 and MAGGY, a telomere-linked gene family member TLH1, the PWL2 host specificity gene and mating type. Fingerprint haplotypes clustered into two distinct lineages corresponding to the two sets of cultivars (groups I and II), with haplotype similarities of 71% between lineages and >76% within lineages. Isolates from the same cultivar within group I were genetically differentiated among locations, and isolates within the same location were differentiated among cultivars. Differentiation for TLH1 and PWL2 was significant (P < 0.03), but not as strong as for fingerprint markers. Similar analyses were not possible among group II isolates because too few isolates were available from any one cultivar. All isolates were in the same mating type, Mat1-1, ruling out sexual reproduction as a source of novel haplotypes. When the 1999 samples were compared with the historical samples from the previous study, haplotypes of group I formed a separate cluster, while those of group II clustered with haplotypes from the historical sample. Altogether, geographic subdivision, monomorphism of mating type, and correlation of haplotypes to sets of cultivars are not consistent with the hypothesis of repeated turnover of haplotypes. Instead, the previous correlations of haplotypes to year might have been caused by inadequate sampling of haplotypes each year, highlighting the need for studies of population genetics to be conducted with systematic samples collected to address specific questions.

Repetitive monosynaptic activation of motoneurones

1951 ◽  
Vol 138 (893) ◽  
pp. 475-498 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Stimulation ◽  
Monosynaptic Reflex ◽  
Synaptic Potential ◽  
Group I ◽  
Excitatory Action ◽  
Extensor Motoneurones ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Reflex Discharge ◽  
Stimulation Of

Repetitive monosynaptic activation of motoneurones has been set up by maximum repetitive stimulation of the group I afferent fibres of the nerves to various muscles. By studying the effects produced by stimuli of varying strengths and also by comparing the responses of flexor and extensor motoneurones, it has been possible to allow for complications arising from concomitant stimulation of group II and III fibres in these nerves. Motoneurone responses have been recorded either as impulses discharged along the ventral root or as synaptic potentials electrotonically transmitted thereto. The repetitive synaptic potential conforms to a standard pattern for both flexor and extensor motoneurones. With frequencies over 100/sec. there is a brief initial phase of summation, then decline to a plateau at about the height of the initial single potential. On cessation of stimulation there is an immediate decline to a positive after-potential which bears a close resemblance to that observed after repetitive stimulation of peripheral nerve. The repetitive potential is com­pounded of ‘diphasic’ potentials generated by each successive volley, an initial negative synaptic potential and a later positive after-potential. At high frequencies of stimulation the successive potentials show an initial rapid decline in size to a low value, e. g. to 50% at 400/sec., which is only in part attributable to a decline in the size of the volleys entering the spinal cord. Focal recording has permitted simultaneous comparison of these two declines. The excitability of the motoneurones during and after repetitive activation was tested heterosynaptically. During the synaptic potential plateau the excitability is raised, with periodic variations in phase with the successive volleys, while depression is observed during the positive after-potential. With extensor muscles the reflex discharge of impulses conforms in general with the repetitive synaptic potential curve, the initial summation giving monosynaptic reflex dis­charges to the first two or three volleys at high frequency. It is probable that a motoneurone fires only once in this initial burst. Subsequently, the combination of autogenetic inhibitory action of group II fibres (which may however be negligible), diminished synaptic excitatory action, and depressant action of the accumulated positive after-potentials (subsynaptic depression) may prevent all further discharge. Alternatively, after a brief quiescent interval, a small irregular discharge may be set up monosynaptically by subsequent volleys. With low frequencies of stimulation the second and subsequent volleys may all evoke reflex discharges, but they are always smaller than the initial discharge. Repetitive activation of flexor moto­-neurones differs from extensors in that the autogenetic excitatory action of group II afferent fibres makes both the initial and later bursts of reflex discharge larger and more sustained.

scholarly journals Use of Chlorhexidine on Umbilicus in Prevention of Neonatal Sepsis

2021 ◽  
pp. 434-438
Author(s):  
Rimsha Mohsin ◽  
Palwasha Khan ◽  
Maryum Naveed
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cord Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Umbilical Cord Care ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Set Up

Objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyse the use of chlorhexidine on umbilicus in prevention of neonatal sepsis. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Sheikh Zaid hospital Rahim Yaar Khan during March 2020 till September 2020. The data was collected through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. The data was collected from 100 infants. Arrangements with a grouping of 4.0% free chlorhexidine were set up by weakening 20% chlorhexidine digluconate to the proper fixation with cleaned water. Results: The data was collected from 100 neonates. All the demographic values which include age, gender, gestational age and mode of delivery were calculated. According to baseline values the birth weight of chlorhexidine group was 1.87 ± 0.463 kg and dry cord group was 1.69 ± 0.421 kg. Umbilical sepsis is observed in only 1 patient in group I and in 3 patients in group II. Only single mortality was observed in group I and in 6 neonates in group II.   Conclusion: It is concluded that chlorhexidine umbilical cord care is more appropriate than the currently WHO recommended dry cord care.

scholarly journals Deep learning based discrimination of soft tissue profiles requiring orthognathic surgery by facial photographs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hyun Jeong ◽  
Jong Pil Yun ◽  
Han-Gyeol Yeom ◽  
Hun Jun Lim ◽  
Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Facial photographs of the subjects are often used in the diagnosis process of orthognathic surgery. The aim of this study was to determine whether convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can judge soft tissue profiles requiring orthognathic surgery using facial photographs alone. 822 subjects with dentofacial dysmorphosis and / or malocclusion were included. Facial photographs of front and right side were taken from all patients. Subjects who did not need orthognathic surgery were classified as Group I (411 subjects). Group II (411 subjects) was set up for cases requiring surgery. CNNs of VGG19 was used for machine learning. 366 of the total 410 data were correctly classified, yielding 89.3% accuracy. The values of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores were 0.893, 0.912, 0.867, and 0.889, respectively. As a result of this study, it was found that CNNs can judge soft tissue profiles requiring orthognathic surgery relatively accurately with the photographs alone.

scholarly journals Vitality of Proteinase K in rRTPCR Detection of SARS-CoV2 Bypassing RNA Extraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alka Shukla ◽  
Mayank Gangwar ◽  
Gaurav Sharma ◽  
Pradyot Prakash ◽  
Gopal Nath
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Viral Component ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Step Heat Treatment

This study aimed to detect the SARS-COV2 viral component directly from inoculated VTM without RNA extraction. Inoculated VTMs of already tested 50 positive and 50 negative samples were divided into three groups. Group I was treated with Proteinase K (PK) followed by 3-step-heat treatment at different temperatures (25°C, 60°C, and 98°C) and stored at 4°C. Group II was directly subjected to 3-step-heat treatment without PK exposure and stored at 4°C. And group III was set-up as standard group; it was processed using Qiagen’s column based QIAamp Nucleic Acid kit and the obtained nucleic acids were stored at 4°C. These stored samples were used as a template to execute real-time polymerase chain reaction, and results were noted. Group I demonstrated 96% and 88% sensitivity for N and ORF1ab genes respectively, whereas group II demonstrated 78% and 60% when compared to the results of standard group III. Overall group I showed better results than group II when compared to group III. Thus, in situations where gold-standard reagents are not available, PK exposure and heat treatment can be employed to carry out molecular detection of SARS-CoV2 viral component.

Experimental investigations on the afferent fibres in muscle nerves

1951 ◽  
Vol 138 (893) ◽  
pp. 453-475 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Afferent Nerve ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Excitatory Action ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Set Up

Nerves to various muscles of the cat’s hind limb have been stimulated under conditions designed to give uniform distribution of current throughout the whole cross-section of the nerve, and the conducted action potentials have been recorded from the dorsal roots. Alterna­tively, stimuli have been applied to a dorsal root and the conducted action potentials recorded from the nerve to a muscle. Strong stimuli evoke a compound spike potential with a time distribution conforming with the standard fibre-calibre spectrum. Following the large group I spike there is usually a double spike attributable to group II fibres, and a very low group III spike. The stimulus strength has to be increased to about twice threshold in order to set up a maximum group I spike, but a group II spike is usually detectable when the stimulus is increased to 1.3 to 1.4 times group I threshold. Group II b fibres usually have a higher threshold than group II a , and a group III spike is not as a rule detectable until the stimulus is about three times group I threshold. The excitatory and inhibitory actions of an afferent volley from a muscle on the moto-neurones of that muscle or of a synergic muscle have been revealed by the change in mono­ synaptic reflex response to a later testing volley (maximal for group I fibres) either in that same afferent nerve (homosynaptic testing) or in the afferent nerve from a synergic muscle (heterosynaptic testing). The conditioning volley has been set up by stimuli whose strength has varied from threshold for group I fibres to m any times that value, and several standard testing intervals have been chosen. From the data so obtained it has been possible to deter­mine the reflex effects exerted by the different groups of afferent fibres. The group I afferent fibres in the nerve of a flexor or extensor muscle exert the well-known excitatory action on the motoneurones of that muscle (autogenetic excitation). Our methods have failed to reveal any autogenetic inhibitory action, though its existence is not thereby disproven. The group III impulses of extensor muscles have a powerful autogenetic inhibitory action, while the group II impulses either have no detectable action or are weak autogenetic inhibitors. On the contrary, with flexor muscles both group II and group III impulses exert an effective autogenetic excitatory action. In addition, the group I afferent impulses of both extensor and flexor muscles exert on moto­-neurones an autogenetic depressant action which is clearly distinguishable from autogenetic inhibition. It is observed at an interval of more than 10 msec, subsequent to an excitatory action which was too weak to generate a reflex discharge. Since, in contrast to inhibition, this depression is virtually restricted to a homosynaptic testing reflex, it is attributed to the subnormality associated with the positive after-potential of the activated subsynaptic areas of motoneurones, and has been called ‘subsynaptic depression’.

Ultrastructural Lesions Produced by Alcohol and Sucrose in the Heart and Liver of C57BL Mice

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
K.K. SEKHRI ◽  
C.S. ALEXANDER ◽  
H.T. NAGASAWA
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Alcohol Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
C57bl Mice ◽  
Group Ii

C57BL male mice (Jackson Lab., Bar Harbor, Maine) weighing about 18 gms were randomly divided into three groups: group I was fed sweetened liquid alcohol diet (modified Schenkl) in which 36% of the calories were derived from alcohol; group II was maintained on a similar diet but alcohol was isocalorically substituted by sucrose; group III was fed regular mouse chow ad lib for five months. Liver and heart tissues were fixed in 2.5% cacodylate buffered glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon-araldite.

Heterogeneity and Immunochemical Properties of Anti-β2-glycoprotein I Autoantibodies

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (09) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Regnault ◽  
E. Hachulla ◽  
L. Darnige ◽  
B. Roussel ◽  
J. C. Bensa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Dual Reactivity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Epitope Specificity ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sufficient Concentration

SummaryMost anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are directed against epitopes expressed on β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI). Despite a good correlation between standard ACA assays and those using purified human β2GPI as the sole antigen, some sera from APS patients only react in the latter. This is indicative of heterogeneity in anti-β2GPI antibodies. To characterize their reactivity profiles, human and bovine β2GPI were immobilized on γ-irradiated plates (β2GPI-ELISA), plain polystyrene precoated with increasing cardiolipin concentrations (CL/β2GPI-ELISA), and affinity columns. Fluid-phase inhibition experiments were also carried out with both proteins. Of 56 selected sera, restricted recognition of bovine or human β2GPI occurred respectively in 10/29 IgA-positive and 9/22 IgM-positive samples, and most of the latter (8/9) were missed by the standard ACA assay, as expected from a previous study. Based on species specificity and ACA results, IgG-positive samples (53/56) were categorized into three groups: antibodies reactive to bovine β2GPI only (group I) or to bovine and human β2GPI, group II being ACA-negative, and group III being ACA-positive. The most important group, group III (n = 33) was characterized by (i) binding when β2GPI was immobilized on γ-irradiated polystyrene or cardiolipin at sufficient concentration (regardless of β2GPI density, as assessed using 125I-β2GPI); (ii) and low avidity binding to fluid-phase β2GPI (Kd in the range 10–5 M). In contrast, all six group II samples showed (i) ability to bind human and bovine β2GPI immobilized on non-irradiated plates; (ii) concentration-dependent blockade of binding by cardiolipin, suggesting epitope location in the vicinity of the phospholipid binding site on native β2GPI; (iii) and relative avidities approximately 100-fold higher than in group III. Group I patients were heterogeneous with respect to CL/β2GPI-ELISA and ACA results (6/14 scored negative), possibly reflecting antibody differences in terms of avidity and epitope specificity. Affinity fractionation of 23 sera showed the existence, in individual patients, of various combinations of antibody subsets solely reactive to human or bovine β2GPI, together with cross-species reactive subsets present in all samples with dual reactivity namely groups III and II, although the latter antibodies were poorly purified on either column. Therefore, the mode of presentation of β2GPI greatly influences its recognition by anti-β2GPI antibodies with marked inter-individual heterogeneity, in relation to ACA quantitation and, possibly, disease presentation and pathogenesis.

Treatment of venous leg ulcers with sulodexide

Phlebologie ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (05) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Franek ◽  
H. Koziolek ◽  
M. Kucharzewski
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Leg Ulcers ◽  
Venous Ulceration ◽  
Venous Leg Ulcers ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

SummaryAim: The study of the influence of sulodexide in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. Patients and method: 44 patients with chronic venous ulceration were randomly divided into two groups. Group I: 21 patients (ulceration area: 12.7-18.9 cm2), Group II: 23 patients (ulceration size: 12.1-20.3 cm2). Both groups were treated by using Unna’s boot. This dressing was changed every seven days until the ulcer had healed. Additionally, the patients in group II received the systemic pharmacological treatment with sulodexide. Results: After 7 weeks of treatment ulcers of seven patients (35%) from group I had healed, and 3 weeks later the ulceration of two more patients had healed completely. After further 7 weeks the ulcers of 12 patients had healed completely. Whereas in group II after 7 weeks of treatment ulceration of 16 (70%, p <0.05) patient had healed completely and after further 3 weeks the ulcers of the remaining 7 patients had healed, too. Conclusion: The use of sulodexide in patients with chronic venous leg ulcers accelerates the healing process.

Effects of Rest and Exercise on Cardiac Blood Volume Determinations

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (08) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
N. Topuzović
Keyword(s):  
Radionuclide Ventriculography ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Volume Determination ◽  
Group I ◽  
Lv Volumes ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Lv Volume

Summary Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in blood activity during rest, exercise and recovery, and to assess its influence on left ventricular (LV) volume determination using the count-based method requiring blood sampling. Methods: Forty-four patients underwent rest-stress radionuclide ventriculography; Tc-99m-human serum albumin was used in 13 patients (Group I), red blood cells was labeled using Tc-99m in 17 patients (Group II) in vivo, and in 14 patients (Group III) by modified in vivo/in vitro method. LV volumes were determined by a count-based method using corrected count rate in blood samples obtained during rest, peak exercise and after recovery. Results: In group I at stress, the blood activity decreased by 12.6 ± 5.4%, p <0.05, as compared to the rest level, and increased by 25.1 ± 6.4%, p <0.001, and 12.8 ± 4.5%, p <0.05, above the resting level in group II and III, respectively. This had profound effects on LV volume determinations if only one rest blood aliquot was used: during exercise, the LV volumes significantly decreased by 22.1 ± 9.6%, p <0.05, in group I, whereas in groups II and III it was significantly overestimated by 32.1 ± 10.3%, p <0.001, and 10.7 ± 6.4%, p <0.05, respectively. The changes in blood activity between stress and recovery were not significantly different for any of the groups. Conclusion: The use of only a single blood sample as volume aliquot at rest in rest-stress studies leads to erroneous estimation of cardiac volumes due to significant changes in blood radioactivity during exercise and recovery.

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