COMPARATIVE ANATOMICAL STUDIES IMPLY ADAPTIVE VARIATIONS OF RUMINANT DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. HOFMANN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Ruminant Species

Anatomical studies of 51 ruminant species show adaptive variations in all digestive system portions related to food quality. Morphophysiological variations have an evolutionary base, involve seasonal changes and require differentiated physiological methods. Key words: Comparative anatomy, morphophysiological adaptation

scholarly journals PENANAMAN MORINGA OLEIFERA UNTUK PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DAN PENGHIJAUAN DI DUSUN TAMBAK REJO MOJOKERTO

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Tri Peni ◽  
Tri Ratnaningsih ◽  
Siti Indatul Laili
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Arid Area ◽  
Arid Land ◽  
The People ◽  
Service Activity

ABSTRACT           Tambak Rejo Village has a fairly arid area in the dry season and in areas that are flooded by rivers experiencing flooding in the rainy season. In the dry season the conditions of the settlement are hot because few plants can grow. Only certain plants can flourish in the area. Moringa plants are plants that are easy to plant and also have very good endurance in the event of seasonal changes. Moringa plants which have the Latin name Moringa oleifera can grow up to 7 meters high or even 12 meters tall. Moringa tree in addition to greening on arid land, has many benefits in the field of health both leaves, bark or fruit and seeds. The leaves can be made into useful vegetables to increase endurance and improve the digestive system. The procedure of this community service activity starts from the team coordinating with partners. The implementation begins with coordination with partners to determine the schedule of activities. The socialization of the benefits of moringa oleifera was carried out in Tambak Rejo Village, attended by 68 residents. After the socialization continued with the distribution of Moringa oleifera seeds to the people who attended. The team gave examples of planting and monitored the process of planting moringa oleifera in Tambak Rejo Village. The results of the evaluation of Moringa oleifera plants grow well and are well groomed. Residents have used the leaves for consumption as a daily vegetable menu. The targets of community service are greening on arid land and the use of moringa oleifera to improve public health.

scholarly journals Rumen physiology constrains diet niche: linking digestive physiology and food selection across wild ruminant species

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1129-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl Codron ◽  
Marcus Clauss
Keyword(s):  
Food Selection ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Wild Ruminant ◽  
Plant Secondary Compounds ◽  
Fluid Content ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physiological Heterogeneity

We propose a hypothesis for digestive constraints on the browsing and grazing options available to ruminants: that the diet-niche range (maximum and minimum grass intake) of a species is dependent upon its predisposition to stratified rumen contents, based on observations that this characteristic is a critical step towards enhanced fibre digestion and greater fluid throughput. We compare a physiological (heterogeneity of ingesta fluid content) and an anatomical (the intraruminal papillation pattern) measure with dietary evidence for a range of African and temperate species. Both measures are strongly related to the mean percentage of grass in species’ natural diets, as well as to the maximum and minimum levels of grass intake, respectively. The nature of these effects implies a stratification-level threshold, below which a species will not use a grass-based diet, but above which grass consumption can increase exponentially. However, above this threshold, a minimum percentage of grass in the diet is a prerequisite for optimal performance. We argue that this second constraint is crucial, as it depicts how a greater fluid throughput reduces potential for detoxification of plant secondary compounds, and therefore limits the maximum amount of browse a stratifying species will consume.

A comparison of guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and sheep forestomach liquors as inocula for in vitro digestibility determinations

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 137-137
Author(s):  
M.D. Fraser ◽  
D. Wadwah ◽  
D.H. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Lama Guanicoe ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Different Sources

Although camelids are not taxonomically classified as ruminants, they are functional ruminants. Their digestive system includes a compartmentalised forestomach with a microbial population, and they have apparently evolved the same general characteristics of regurgitation and remastication of food. In vitro digestibility results for camelid diets produced using feeds and rumen liquor from conventional ruminants have been reported. However, the assumption that donor liquor from a true ruminant species is a valid substitute for that from a camelid species has not been verified. The aim of this experiment was to compare these different sources of digesta as inocula for in vitro dry matter disappearance (DMD) determinations.

Comparative anatomy of absorbing roots and anchoring roots in three species of Cyclanthaceae (Monocotyledoneae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2384-2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Wilder ◽  
Jeffrey R. Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Root Types ◽  
Absorbing Roots

Absorbing roots and anchoring roots of Asplundia sp., Evodianthus fiinifer, and Thoracocarpus bissectus differ from one another anatomically in at least 15 quantitative characteristics and in additional related respects. Differences are diverse, involving both stelar and extrastelar tissues. Absorbing roots are significantly greater in diameter, have more vascular tissue, exhibit broader tracheary elements and sieve elements, and have other characteristics supporting the hypothesis that those features logically interpretable as optimizing conduction in xylem and phloem predominate in the absorbing roots. The three species also differ significantly from each other according to the anatomy of their absorbing roots, with T. bissectus having the most distinctive anatomy. Statistical and nonstatistical approaches to analysis of the data provided very consistent results, both in regard to differences between the two root types under study and to differences between taxa. Key words: absorbing roots, anchoring roots, Asplundia, Cyclanthaceae, Evodianthus, root anatomy, Thoracocarpus.

scholarly journals PENANGANGAN KONSTIPASI PADA LANSIA DENGAN URUT PERUT DAN LATIHAN ELIMINASI (UPLANASI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Kristamuliana Kristamuliana ◽  
Juniati Sahar ◽  
Etty Rekawati
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experiment

Latar Belakang: Konstipasi merupakn salah satu gangguan sistem pencernaan dan sistem eliminasi yang sering dialami oleh lansia. Hal ini terjadi sebagai akibat dari penurunan fungsi sistem pencernaan dan eliminasi karena proses penuaan. Sekitar 74 -45 % lansia yang tinggal di PSTW dan sekitar 50% lansia yang tinggal di komunitas mengalami konstipasi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh uplanasi terhadap konstipasi pada lansia di PSTW di DKI Jakarta. Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experiment pre – post test with control group. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 64 lansia, 32 lansia untuk intervensi dan 32 lansia untuk non-intervesi. Sampel dipilih melalui metode random sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah Constipation Skoring System. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh uplanasi terhadap konstipasi pada lansia (p = 0,000). Frekuesni defekasi meningkat secara signifikan (p = 0,000), lama proses defekasi menurun secara signifikan (p = 0,003) dan kenyamanan saat defekasi meningkat secara signifikan (p = 0,000). Kesimpulan: Urut perut dan latihan eliminasi layak dijadikan sebagai salah satu intervensi keperawatan untuk menangani masalah konstipasi pada lansia. Kata Kunci: Urut perut, latihan eliminasi, lansia, PSTW, konstipasi. ABSTRACT Introduction: Constipation is one of problems in digestive system and elimination system in elderly. Constipation accur because of ageing process. There are 74 – 75% elderlies in nursing home and 50% in community have constipation. Aim: The aims of this research is to know effect of uplanasi in Elderly who live in Nursing homes in DKI Jakarta. Metod: Desain of this research was quasi experiment pre – post test with control group. Total samples were 64 elderlies, 32 erderlies for intervension group and 32 elderlies for control group. Samples were choosen by way of random sampling. The instruments that were used in this research were Constipation Scoring System (CSS). Results: The results showed that uplanasi have significant influence to handle constipation in elderly (p = 0,000). The uplanasi incrase frequency of defecation (p = 0,000), decreasing time of defecation (p = 0,003) and increasing comfort during defecation (p = 0,000). Conclution: Uplanasi could be one of  nursing intervenstions to handle constipation in elderly. Key words: Uplanasi, elderly, nursing home, constipation

Study on absorption evaluation of salmon ghrelin taken orally and its safety as a functional food

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (7) ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Minoru Kihara
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Therapeutic Value

One of the hallmarks of life as an animal is the need and ability to consume food, digest it and convert this biomass into essential nutrients, the digestive system is, in fact, one of the centrally important organs in any animal. It is also a complex environment and the body dedicates a huge amount of resources towards supporting it. Blood vessels, nerves, hormones and energy are abundant in and around the digestive system, and understanding this immensely important organ and how it functions can yield discoveries that impact our health. One way that digestive research is producing results is the discovery of specific peptides in the digestive system of animals that might have therapeutic value in humans. Professor Minoru Kihara, based at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Digestive Physiology, School of Biological Sciences at Tokai University, Japan, is leading a research team that is discovering that the level of similarity in the peptides found in the digestive tract of animals can be high, even between disparate species like humans and fish. This means the fish stomach may offer important benefits to human health.

scholarly journals The Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius Muscle in Humans: A Meta-Analysis of Anatomical Studies with Clinical and Evolutionary Implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaissar Yammine ◽  
Mirela Erić
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Terrestrial Locomotion ◽  
Evolutionary Level ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Insertion Sites ◽  
Secondary Function

Being considered an exclusive human structure for a long time, fibularis tertius (FT) is believed to have a secondary function of foot dorsiflexion and eversion. This study is an attempt to approach the issue from an anatomical perspective. A systematic literature search identified 35 studies (7601 legs) which met the inclusion criteria. The weighted results of FT presence were as follows: an “adult cadaveric” frequency of 93.2% and a clinical frequency of 80%. The most common FT origin and insertion sites were the distal half of fibula and the base of the 5th metatarsal, respectively. In 95% of cases, an accessory fibular muscle was detected when FT was lacking. We demonstrated that the discrepancy found between the adult cadaveric and clinical frequency values would point out a probable bias in interpreting previous kinesiological results. On an evolutionary level, comparative anatomy demonstrated a very low FT prevalence among monkeys while reaching a frequency of 30% in gorillas, the only non-human apes having an almost exclusive terrestrial locomotion. The consistent prevalence among humans and the presence of similar functional muscles when it is missing would support an essential role of FT during the phylogenetic development of the erect bipedal posture and probably during gait.

Human Evolution: a review

Antiquity ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 23 (91) ◽  
pp. 126-128
Author(s):  
E. A. Hooton
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Anthropology ◽  
Scientific Career ◽  
Nineteen Twenties ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Human Embryology

For more than half a century Sir Arthur Keith has been one of the world’s leading authorities on the physical evolution of man. As a young man, Sir Arthur spent some years of medical practice in Borneo and became interested in the comparative anatomy of the anthropoid apes and the relation of these higher primates to man. By dissections and other anatomical studies he accumulated the largest body of accurate scientific information on this subject available to students before Professor Adolph H. Schultz began his researches in this same field in the nineteen twenties. In 1901 Sir Arthur published his Human Embryology and Morphology, which is one of the few technical treatises on man’s embryology that is anthropological and primatological in its orientation. From 1908 onward Keith concerned himself with the problem of the transformation of the body and brain of the ape precursor into that of a human being. This subject led him into intensive studies of the skeletal remains of fossil men and apes, culminating in his great works, The Antiquity of Man (1925) and New Discoveries Relating to the Antiquity of Man (1931).During the long years in which he was thus engaged, Sir Arthur was also considering the evolution and differentiation of the modern races of man, not only from the biological and anatomical viewpoints, but also on the bases of history, social anthropology, and psychology. Recently, as he approaches the end of his fruitful scientific career, this great anthropologist has produced two volumes dealing with human evolution in its entirety—a preliminary book Essays on Human Evolution (1946), and the present work.

scholarly journals Cell-type diversity and regionalized gene expression in the planarian intestine

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Forsthoefel ◽  
Nicholas I Cejda ◽  
Umair W Khan ◽  
Phillip A Newmark
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Gli 1 ◽  
Laser Capture

Proper function and repair of the digestive system are vital to most animals. Deciphering the mechanisms involved in these processes requires an atlas of gene expression and cell types. Here, we applied laser-capture microdissection (LCM) and RNA-seq to characterize the intestinal transcriptome of Schmidtea mediterranea, a planarian flatworm that can regenerate all organs, including the gut. We identified hundreds of genes with intestinal expression undetected by previous approaches. Systematic analyses revealed extensive conservation of digestive physiology and cell types with other animals, including humans. Furthermore, spatial LCM enabled us to uncover previously unappreciated regionalization of gene expression in the planarian intestine along the medio-lateral axis, especially among intestinal goblet cells. Finally, we identified two intestine-enriched transcription factors that specifically regulate regeneration (hedgehog signaling effector gli-1) or maintenance (RREB2) of goblet cells. Altogether, this work provides resources for further investigation of mechanisms involved in gastrointestinal function, repair and regeneration.

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