THE INFLUENCE OF PROTEIN LEVEL ON THE NITROGEN ABSORPTION IN THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT OF DAIRY COWS FED GRASS SILAGE FERTILIZED WITH TWO LEVELS OF NITROGEN

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 191-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. MØLLER ◽  
V. FRIIS KRISTENSEN ◽  
P. E. ANDERSEN
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Nitrogen Absorption ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Key Words Nitrogen

Increased recycling of nitrogen to the forestomachs on low nitrogen rations was found. On high CP rations the AAN at duodenum was greater than or equal to the N intake. Apparently absorbed TN in the small intestine was increased on the SBM supplemented ration. No significant difference was found for absorbed AAN fractions. Key words: Nitrogen, cattle, metabolism, gastro-intestinal tract

scholarly journals Observations on the fermentation of carbohydrates along the gastro-intestinal tract of a fistulated cow.

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
B.D.E. Gaillard ◽  
A.T. van 't Klooster
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Uronic Acids ◽  
Glucose Polymer ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Cellulose Fermentation ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

One cow was provided with cannulae in the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum. Three experimental rations were offered: 1, hay 7 kg/day and concentrate 6; 2, hay 3 kg/day, paper pulp 3 and concentrate 3.7; 3, fresh grass 11 kg DM/day. Rations 2 and 2 were given twice daily and 3 was offered more frequently. Experimental periods were 5 days in experiment 1 and 7 days in 2 and 3. Samples were taken from each cannula every 2 h for 5 days. Faeces were collected in each period. Flow rate of the intestinal contents was measured with polyethylene glycol and chromium sesquioxide as markers. Carbohydrates in the feed, digesta and faeces were fractionated according to solubility into ethanol-soluble sugars, alpha -glucose polymers, fructosan, water-soluble polysaccharides other than alpha -glucose polymers and fructosan, neutral-detergent-soluble polysaccharides and neutral-detergent residue. Sugars, sialic and uronic acids were measured in the hydrolysates and the sugars were separated chromatographically.Most of the ethanol-soluble sugars and all the fructosan was digested in the rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum, considered collectively as the stomach. Digestion of alpha -glucose polymer occurred mainly in the stomach and only 5 to 10% was digested in the small intestine and caecum with colon. The hay and concentrate ration contained more starch than the others and a higher proportion of this was digested in the small intestine and caecum with colon (20.3 and 6.8% of the digestible starch). The water-soluble fraction was digested mostly in the stomach; on rations 1 and 3 more component carbohydrates disappeared from the small intestine than the caecum with colon. Bacterial polysaccharides were thought to be digested in the small intestine and some bacterial growth was indicated, particularly on ration 2 which contained large amounts of cellulose. Fermentation and addition of bacterial polysaccharides and mucus confused the picture of digestion of the neutral-detergent-soluble fraction, but on all 3 rations it was higher in the small intestine than in the caecum with colon. The neutral-detergent residue was mainly fermented in the stomach and the caecum with colon. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

The influence of the method of preservation of forages on the digestion in dairy cows. 2. Digestion of organic matter, energy and amino acids in forestomachs and intestines.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
S. Tamminga
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Matter Energy

2. Two dairy cows with duodenal reentrant and rumen cannulae were given diets containing artificially dried and pelleted grass (GP), grass silage treated with formic acid (GSF), grass silage treated with a mixture of formic acid and formaldehyde (GSFF) or grass silage without additive (GS). DM intake was 14.8 to 16.0 kg/day and about 30% of the N in the diets was from grass pellets or silages. Between 45 and 57% of the apparently digested organic matter and between 26 and 41% of the apparently digested energy disappeared before the intestines. The higher values were found with GSF and GS.Total amino acid N reaching the duodenum was between 104 and 134% of intake, highest with GP and GSFF. The amounts of individual amino acids reaching the small intestine were from 75 to 270% of the amounts ingested. High values (>150%) were found for glycine, lysine, methionine and tyrosine; low values (

INTRAVENOUS SOMATOSTATIN INFUSION AFFECTS GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT FUNCTION IN SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 93-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. FAICHNEY ◽  
T. N. BARRY
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Gut Function ◽  
Tract Function ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

Intravenous somatostatin infusion to anestrous ewes decreased the weight of all postomasal gut tissues, produced small increases in total 51Cr-EDTA and, 103Ru-phen mean retention times, increased the proportion of the total mean retention time spent in the abomasum + small intestine + cecum/proximal colon and decreased the proportion spent in the distal large intestine. Key words: Somatostatin, gut function, marker retention times

scholarly journals PROTEIN LEVELS IN GRASS SILAGE-BASED TOTAL MIXED RATIONS FOR DAIRY COWS IN MIDLACTATION

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. BURGESS ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Nitrogen Intake

Total mixed rations containing three levels of crude protein (10, 13 and 16%) were fed ad libitum to a total of 48 cows in midlactation in two experiments. Rations were composed of 60% wilted timothy silage and 40% concentrates on a dry matter basis. Supplemental protein was supplied as soybean meal. Daily nitrogen intake per cow averaged 263, 377 and 510 g in exp. 1, and 305, 435 and 509 g in exp. 2 for the three rations, respectively. Cows fed rations containing 10% crude protein consumed less (P < 0.05) total dry matter and lost more (P < 0.01) body weight than cows fed rations with either 13 or 16% crude protein. Milk production was not affected by protein level in exp. 1 but in exp. 2, 10% crude protein decreased (P < 0.01) actual milk and 4% fat corrected milk yields. Milk fat and protein percentages tended to increase with increasing dietary protein level. Rumen acetate tended to decline while propionate increased (P < 0.05) at higher crude protein levels. Rumen ammonia nitrogen and plasma urea nitrogen levels were closely related to nitrogen intake. Key words: Dairy cows, grass silage, protein, solubility

Species of Gastro-intestinal Helminths of Lambs in Northern Ireland

1972 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Taylor ◽  
R. J. G. Cawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Relative Incidence ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Prevalent Species

A survey of the helminths parasitising the gastro-intestinal tract of lambs in Northern Ireland is described. Twenty-four species were identified from the three hundred and seventy-two animals examined, which were drawn from abattoirs in different areas.The major species found in the abomasum were Ostertagia circumcincta, 0. trifurcata, 0. pinnata and Trichosirongylus axei. Nematodints battus, N. filicollis, T. vitrinus and Cooperia curticei were the most prevalent species in the small intestine. Some observations are made on the relative incidence and role in the production of parasitic gastro-enteritis.

Limitations in digestible methionine in the intestine (MetDI) for milk protein secretion in dairy cows fed a ration based on grass silage

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 158-158
Author(s):  
Y. Chilliard ◽  
J. Rouel ◽  
A. Ollier ◽  
J. Bony ◽  
K. Tanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Secretion ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Grass Silage

The interest for increasing post-ruminal methionine supplies for dairy cows fed maize silage based rations has been clearly demonstrated (Sloan 1992). Theoretically grass silage based rations are also deficient in methionine in most dietary situations. Expressed as a percentage of PDIE (protein digestible in the small intestine when energy is limiting microbial protein synthesis in the rumen) the metDI value for grass silage approximates 1.95 compared to 1.97 for maize silage.This trial was conducted, to verify, if in practice, methionine alone could limit milk protein secretion in dairy cows fed grass silage based rations.

Survival and metabolic activity of the GanedenBC30 strain of Bacillus coagulans in a dynamic in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maathuis ◽  
D. Keller ◽  
S. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestion

We have investigated the survival and activity of GanedenBC30 during passage through the upper gastro-intestinal tract. GanedenBC30 was tested in a dynamic, validated, in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine (TIM-1) on survival and its potential to aid in digestion of milk protein, lactose and fructose. The survival of GanedenBC30 was high (70%), although germination of the spores was minimal (<10%) under the conditions tested. Survival of the strain in the presence of lactose and fructose was markedly lower (56-59%) than in the absence of the sugars. The amount of digested milk protein available for absorption was somewhat higher (+0.2 g) when GanedenBC30 was added to the milk. When GanedenBC30 was tested with lactose or fructose added to the meal, the cumulative amount of lactate produced was slightly higher (+0.12-0.18 mmol) compared to the GanedenBC30 alone. In conclusion, although the differences in survival of GanedenBC30 are small, these results show the potential of GanedenBC30 to aid in protein digestion and in the digestion of lactose and fructose. If a larger fraction of the Bacillus coagulans cells had germinated, the influence on protein and carbohydrate digestion would probably have been much greater. Importance of the findings: the potential of GanedenBC30 to aid in the digestion of lactose and fructose could be used to prevent occurrence of intestinal symptoms in individuals sensitive to these carbohydrates.

1.2 Post-Ruminal Digestion and the Utilization of Nitrogen

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Lindsay ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Ruminant Animal ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Ruminal Digestion ◽  
Microbial Mass

The preceding paper has detailed our current understanding of the processes of N digestion in the ruminant animal as they relate to the events occurring within the reticulo-rumen. It is the purpose of this paper to consider the processes of digestion occurring principally within the small intestine and to comment on the significance of events occurring within the caecum and colon in so far as they relate to nitrogen digestion. The fate of amino acids subsequent to their absorption from the gastro-intestinal tract will also be discussed, in particular the way they are catabolized and whether this limits their availability for the synthesis of protein. Reference will also be made to purine and pyrimidine nitrogen; these products arise from the considerable content of nucleic acids in the microbial mass which leaves the reticulo-rumen and undergoes digestion in the small intestine.

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