VERIFICATION THAT AN IN VIVO KINETIC MODEL GIVES ACCURATE RESULTS FOR PROPIONATE AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN CATTLE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
J. W. YOUNG ◽  
J. J. VEENHUIZEN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Glucose Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Modeling

A four-pool, in vivo kinetic model (blood glucose and CO2 and rumen propionate and CO2) was proposed for propionate and glucose metabolism in Holstein steers. Two daily perturbations were 6.1 mol dietary propionate and 1.18 mol glucose excreted. Calculated solutions indicated 6.6 mol propionate added and 1.10 mol glucose excreted. Key words: Propionate, glucose, kinetics, modeling, cattle

scholarly journals Models for the Study of Whole-Body Glucose Kinetics: A Mathematical Synthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie L. McKnight ◽  
Secundino Lopez ◽  
Anna Kate Shoveller ◽  
James France
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Kinetics ◽  
Isotope Tracer ◽  
Glucose System ◽  
Blood Glucose Homeostasis

The maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis is complex and involves several key tissues. Most of these tissues are not easily accessible, making direct measurement of the physiological parameters involved in glucose metabolism difficult. The use of isotope tracer methodology and mathematical modeling allows indirect estimates of in vivo glucose metabolism through relatively noninvasive means. The purpose of this paper was to provide a mathematical synthesis of the models developed for describing glucose kinetics. As many of the models were developed using dogs, example data from the canine literature are presented. However, examples from the human and feline literature are also given in the absence of dog data. The glucose system is considered in both the steady and nonsteady states, and the models are examined by grouping them into schemes consisting of one, two, and three glucose compartments. Noncompartmental schemes are also considered briefly.

scholarly journals The effects of hypoglycin on glucose metabolism in the rat. A kinetic study in vivo and [U-14C,2-3H]glucose

1978 ◽  
Vol 170 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Osmundsen ◽  
D Billington ◽  
J R Taylor ◽  
H S A Sherratt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
Intravenous Dose ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Kinetics Of

1. The kinetics of glucose metabolism were evaluated in rats deprived of food 15-21 h after the administration of hypoglycaemic doses of hypoglycin (100 mg/kg body wt.) by following changes in the specific radioactivities of 14C and 3H in blood glucose after an intravenous dose of [U-14C,2-3H]glucose [Katz, Rostami & Dunn (1974) Biochem. J. 142, 161-170]. 2. During this time, recycling of glucose through the Cori cycle was virtually abolished, the rate of irreversible disposal of glucose and its total body mass were both decreased by about 70%, whereas there was little effect on the mean transit time for glucose. 3. It was concluded that hypoglycaemia is due to inhibition of gluconeogenesis.

DIABETIC INTERSTITIAL GLUCOSE IN THE SKIN TISSUE BY ATR-FTIR SPECTROSCOPY VERSUS CAPILLARY BLOOD GLUCOSE

2010 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
NATALJA SKREBOVA EIKJE
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Interstitial Glucose

Recently introduced horizontal attenuated total reflectance (HATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for real-time assessment and continuous monitoring of glucose biomolecules in the skin tissue directly on the patients might appear a promising alternative to interpret the activity of interstitial glucose metabolism in vivo by means of evaluating the dynamics of changes of glucose concentrations in interstitial fluid (IF). In the present study, in vivo spectra by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy were obtained post-prandially during a 120–180-minute continuous monitoring in three patients with type 2 diabetes and compared to pre-prandial spectra. In all patients with diabetes interstitial glucose levels at 1030 and 1041 cm-1 reflected the best relationship with blood glucose. The lag time (LT) required for glucose to diffuse from the capillary to epidermal skin tissue was calculated between 0 and 60 minutes at all measured glucose biomolecules. Data showed intra- and inter-subject variations of each glucose biomolecule, pointing to similarities and differences among interstitial glucose metabolism of the patients. Finally, the findings suggest that HATR-FTIR spectroscopy might have the potential for clinical interpretation of activity of glucose metabolism for diagnosis, management, and treatment of patients with diabetes.

Effects of Monensin on In Vivo Rumen Propionate Production and Blood Glucose Kinetics in Cattle

1978 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1002-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall W. Van Maanen ◽  
Joseph H. Herbein ◽  
A. Dare McGilliard ◽  
Jerry W. Young
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Kinetics

Diabetes-induced alterations of glucose metabolism in rat cerebral microvessels

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (4) ◽  
pp. E462-E467 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. McCall ◽  
J. B. Gould ◽  
N. B. Ruderman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Cerebral Microvessels ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Brain Uptake Index

The effect of diabetes on the metabolism of glucose and lactate was examined in isolated rat cerebral microvessels. In rats with diabetes induced with streptozotocin, glucose oxidation to CO2 by the microvessels was decreased by 54-83% and its conversion to lactate by 21-61%. Insulin therapy for several days or starvation for 48 h both lowered blood glucose levels in the diabetic rats and restored microvessel glucose metabolism to normal. Cerebral microvessels consist principally of the capillaries that constitute the blood-brain barrier. Direct assessment of the blood-brain barrier in vivo using the brain uptake index (BUI) technique revealed a close parallel to the findings in the microvessels. Thus, hexose transport was diminished in diabetic rats and restored to normal by both insulin therapy and starvation. The oxidation of [1-14C]lactate to CO2 like that of glucose was depressed in microvessels of diabetic rats. In contrast to glucose, however, the transport of lactate across the blood-brain barrier in vivo was not altered. These findings suggest that diabetes suppresses glucose metabolism in rat cerebral microvessels and downregulates glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier. They also suggest that both of these processes are regulated by chronic alterations in blood glucose concentration rather than by insulin per se.

Activation of the Cori cycle by epinephrine.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. E145 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kusaka ◽  
M Ui
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Cori Cycle ◽  
Tracer Kinetic

The effect of epinephrine on Cori cycle activity has been studied by a tracer kinetic technique. The subcutaneous injection of epinephrine into fasted adrenodemedullated rats activated gluconeogenesis and increased glucose utilization. Most of the glucose utilized in epinephrine-treated rats was converted to lactate, and the conversion to the metabolites other than lactate was markedly suppressed by epinephrine. As a result, not only hyperglycemia and hyperlactacidemia developed, but also the contribution of the Cori cycle to glucose metabolism increased after epinephrine. The glucose-alanine cycle, which is roughly one-third as active as the Cori cycle, was only slightly activated by epinephrine. No evidence was obtained, in vivo and in vitro, for the increased formation of lactate from muscle glycogen which decomposed in response to epinephrine. It is suggested that, in epinephrine-treated rats, blood glucose was converted to blood lactate predominantly while muscle glycogen selectively yielded the metabolites other than blood lactate. This suggests compartmentalization of glycolytic pathway in the peripheral tissues of epinephrine-treated rats.

Melatonin modifies tumor hypoxia and metabolism by inhibiting HIF-1α and energy metabolic pathway in the in vitro and in vivo models of breast cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
André De Lima Mota ◽  
Bruna Vitorasso Jardim-Perassi ◽  
Tialfi Bergamin De Castro ◽  
Jucimara Colombo ◽  
Nathália Martins Sonehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Ca Ix ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and has a high mortality rate. Adverse conditions in the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia and acidosis, may exert selective pressure on the tumor, selecting subpopulations of tumor cells with advantages for survival in this environment. In this context, therapeutic agents that can modify these conditions, and consequently the intratumoral heterogeneity need to be explored. Melatonin, in addition to its physiological effects, exhibits important anti-tumor actions which may associate with modification of hypoxia and Warburg effect. In this study, we have evaluated the action of melatonin on tumor growth and tumor metabolism by different markers of hypoxia and glucose metabolism (HIF-1α, glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 and carbonic anhydrases CA-IX and CA-XII) in triple negative breast cancer model. In an in vitro study, gene and protein expressions of these markers were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry, respectively. The effects of melatonin were also tested in a MDA-MB-231 xenograft animal model. Results showed that melatonin treatment reduced the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells and tumor growth in Balb/c nude mice (p <0.05). The treatment significantly decreased HIF-1α gene and protein expression concomitantly with the expression of GLUT1, GLUT3, CA-IX and CA-XII (p <0.05). These results strongly suggest that melatonin down-regulates HIF-1α expression and regulates glucose metabolism in breast tumor cells, therefore, controlling hypoxia and tumor progression. 

In vivo glucose metabolism in obese and type II diabetic subjects with or without hypertension

Diabetes ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 764-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bonora ◽  
R. C. Bonadonna ◽  
S. Del Prato ◽  
G. Gulli ◽  
A. Solini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Type Ii

Total body fat content and fat topography are associated differently with in vivo glucose metabolism in nonobese and obese nondiabetic women

Diabetes ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bonora ◽  
S. Del Prato ◽  
R. C. Bonadonna ◽  
G. Gulli ◽  
A. Solini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body
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