FLOW AND ACIDITY OF DIGESTA ENTERING THE DUODENUM AS INFLUENCED BY BUFFERS AND TIME AFTER FEEDING IN WETHERS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1055-1058
Author(s):  
E. C. PRIGGE ◽  
J. J. SVONAVEC
Keyword(s):  
Slow Rate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Fast Rate ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Duodenal Ph ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated wether lambs were offered 90% concentrate diets at 1.75% of body weight buffered with 1% NaHCO3, 0.9% limestone with a fast rate of reactivity or 0.9% limestone with a slow rate of reactivity and a control diet. No treatment effects (P > 0.10) were observed for any of the ruminal or duodenal variables measured. Duodenal pH over time was related positively (P < 0.01) to rumen pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration. Key words: Buffers, wethers, duodenum, rumen, pH, time after feeding

FERMENTATION OF WHEAT OR LUPINS IN THE RUMEN OF SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. HODGE ◽  
M. J. WATSON ◽  
C. KAT
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

The concentration of ammonia nitrogen and branched chain fatty acids was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in ruminal fluid of sheep given lupins than in those given wheat but there were no significant differences in pH, total volatile fatty acid concentration or molar proportions of acetate, propionate or butyrate. Key words: Sheep, wheat, lupins, rumen, fermentation

scholarly journals Rumen Fermentation Characteristics in Pre- and Post-Weaning Calves upon Feeding with Mulberry Leaf Flavonoids and Candida tropicalis Individually or in Combination as a Supplement

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luxin Kong ◽  
Chuntao Yang ◽  
Lifeng Dong ◽  
Qiyu Diao ◽  
Bingwen Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Mulberry Leaf ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

Although flavonoids or yeast have been used as feed additives to improve the production efficiency and health of adult cattle, little information is available on their effects on rumen fermentation in calves. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feed supplementation with mulberry leaf flavonoids and Candida tropicalis on performance, blood parameters, and rumen fermentation characteristics during pre-weaning and post-weaning periods. Forty-eight Holstein calves were used in a four-groups trial and were supplemented with (1) no yeast or flavonoids (CON), (2) active dry yeast (ADY; C. tropicalis, 5.0 × 109 CFU/d), (3) flavonoids (FLA; 3 g/d), or (4) yeast and flavonoids (YF; C. tropicalis, 5.0 × 109 CFU/d; flavonoids, 3 g/d). The feeding strategy was as follows: milk replacer was offered at 12% of body weight in two meals per calf each day at age 21 d, and a gradual weaning process was adopted at age 50 to 56 days. Data of daily feed intake, body weight, and serum and rumen fermentation parameters were obtained at 28, 42, 56, and 80 d ages, respectively. A significant time effect and interaction between treatment and time was found for average daily gain, feed efficiency, total volatile fatty acid concentration, and proportion of propionate in calves (p < 0.05). Average daily gain and feed efficiency increased during post-weaning and overall periods for calves in FLA and YF groups compared with CON and ADY groups (p < 0.05). A reduction of fecal scores with supplementation was found in FLA and YF groups (p < 0.05). Rumen fluid pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration remained constant across the groups, whereas total volatile fatty acid concentration and molar proportion of propionate significantly increased during the pre-weaning and overall periods in FLA and YF groups (p < 0.05). Calves in YF group had the highest serum concentrations of IgG and IgA during the overall period (p < 0.05). Additionally, serum β-hydroxybutyric acid concentration was higher in ADY and FLA groups during the post-weaning period (p < 0.05). Supplementation with C. tropicalis showed little effect on increasing growth performance and health compared with flavonoids alone. Meanwhile, the combination of C. tropicalis and flavonoids was not synergistic with respect to improving health and rumen fermentation compared with use of flavonoids alone in pre- and post-weaning calves (p > 0.05).

Determining the nutritive value of some commercial pulse screenings using in sacco and in vitro methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Ghodrat Mohammadi ◽  
Mostafa Malecky ◽  
Jamal Seifdavati
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
In Sacco

The present study aimed at determining in sacco and in vitro the nutritive value of lentil screenings (LS), common vetch screenings (CVS) and bitter vetch screenings (BVS). For this purpose, three experiments (Exp.) were conducted. Ruminal degradation characteristics of the screenings were determined in Exp. 1 by the nylon bag technique using three ruminally fistulated rams. Gas production kinetics, and ruminal degradability and fermentation indices of the screenings were determined using 144 and 24-h incubations, respectively in Exp. 2. In Exp. 3, a basal growing ration for lambs (control) was supplemented by 175 or 350 g/kg of either LS, CVS or BVS (LS175, LS350, CVS175, CVS350, BVS175 and BVS350 respectively), and ruminal degradability and fermentation of the rations were evaluated in vitro. Soluble and potentially degradable fractions of protein were 0.321 and 0.719, 0.362 and 0.688, and 0.333 and 0.707, for LS, BVS and CVS respectively. Metabolisable energy was 11.1, 11.6 and 12.1 MJ/kg DM for LS, BVS and CVS respectively. The screenings had comparable gas production profiles, ruminal digestibility and total volatile fatty acid concentration. However, CVS and BVS had a higher propionate and a lower acetate:propionate ratio than LS (P &lt; 0.05). Including BVS and LS in the mixed ration increased total volatile fatty acid at both inclusion levels, but only BVS enhanced propionate proportion and lowered the acetate:propionate ratio (P &lt; 0.05). These results revealed that these screenings have a good nutritional value and can be used in ruminant diets without adversely affecting the rumen fermentation.

scholarly journals Absorption of Volatile Fatty Acids From the Reticulo-Rumen and Abomasum of Sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
VJ Williams ◽  
TR Hutchings ◽  
KA Archer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

Ten acute experiments were performed on sheep to study the relative rates of absorption of volatile fatty acids in acid solution from the reticulo-rumen and abomasum. When the solutions in the two organs were approximately the same in initial tonicity, pH, and volatile fatty acid concentration, the total volatile fatty acid was absorbed at about equal rates from both the reticulo-rumen and the abomasum. The individual volatile fatty acids were absorbed from the abomasum at different rates; the rate was faster the greater the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. Ammonia in acid solution was not absorbed from the reticulo-rumen or from the abomasum.

scholarly journals USING SAGO PITH AS ADHESIVE SUBSTANCE IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF COMPLETE RATION BISCUIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Shirley Fredriksz ◽  
Lily Joris
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

The objective of the study was to determine in-vitro digestibility of complete ration biscuit using sago pith as adhesive substance. The experiment was arranged in Complete Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were P1 (50% mini elephant grass+ 20%  leucaena + 30% sago pith + 0% rice bran), P2 (50% mini elephant grass+ 20%  leucaena + 25% sago pith + 5% rice bran), P3 (50% mini elephant grass+ 20%  leucaena + 20% sago pith +10% rice bran ) and P4 (50% mini elephant grass+ 20%  leucaena + 15% sago pith + 15% rice bran). Variables measured were digestibility of dry (DM) and organic matter (OM), NH3 level, total volatile fatty acid (VFA), and rumen pH. The results show that the treatment has no significant effect on vitro digestibility of dry and organic matter. In vitro -digestibility is ranging from   90.7 – 91.4% and 87.5 – 88.4 % for DM and OM, respectively. In-vitro test on complete ration biscuit which consists of sago pith, rice bran, mini elephant grass and leucaena leucocephala has no significant  (P>0.05) on NH3 level, total volatile fatty acid and rumen pH. In conclusion, sago pith can be potentially used as adhesive substance in formulating complete ration biscuit.  

scholarly journals The Effect of Multistage Ammoniation on Fiber Fraction and Digestibility of Maize Stover in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Dakaew ◽  
A. Abrar ◽  
A. Cherdthong
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fiber Fraction ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

The main objective of this experiment was to assess the effect of multistage ammoniation on fiber fraction and digestibility of maize stover in vitro. Maize stover was treated by a multistage technique of different urea connect ration (8%, 4%, and 2%) and incubation for 14 days at room temperature.Digestibility of NDF, ADF, ADL, hemicellulose, and cellulose, in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), NH3-N, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and pH concentration were observed. However treatment maize stover and multistage ammoniation maize stover were composed by using T-test student as the statistic. There were not significantly different on fiber fraction and digestibility of maize stover. However, multistage ammoniation decreased ADF fraction by 56.67% to45.39%. The DM digestibility of multistage ammoniation on fiber fraction and digestibility of maize stover also increased by 35.18 to 45.91. The total VFA and N-ammonia of multistage ammoniation on fiber fraction and digestibility of maize stover also higher than control.Keywords: Ammoniation, Digestibility, in vitro, Maize stover

The effects of essential oil and condensed tannin on fermentation and methane production under in vitro conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Pinski ◽  
Mevlüt Günal ◽  
Amer A. AbuGhazaleh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Tannin Extract ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

The potential of five different essential oils (EO) and quebracho condensed tannin extract (QCT) as antimethanogenic additives in ruminant feeds were investigated. The first experiment was conducted to screen the effects rosemary oil, sage oil, cinnamon oil (CNO), eucalyptus oil and myrrh oil at 500 mg/L of culture fluid on methane (CH4) production under in vitro conditions. Rumen contents were collected from a cannulated Holstein dairy cow and used for a 24-h batch-culture experiment. Treatments were a control (CON) or CON plus EO at 500 mg/L. Results showed that CNO decreased CH4 production and, therefore, was selected for Experiment 2. The second experiment was designed to test the effects of CNO at three different dose levels on CH4 production and fermentation in 24-h batch-culture experiments. Treatments were CON or CON plus CNO supplemented at 125, 250 and 500 mg/L. Relative to CON, CNO decreased total gas production at the 250 and 500 mg/L doses. All doses of CNO decreased CH4 production. Total volatile fatty acid production was lower in cultures incubated with CNO at the 500 mg/L. Ammonia-N concentration decreased in cultures incubated with CNO at the 500 mg/L. The third experiment was designed to test the effects of QCT on CH4 production and fermentation in 24-h batch cultures. Treatments were CON or CON plus QCT at 25, 50 and 75 g/kg of diet DM. Relative to CON, total volatile fatty acid concentration increased with the 50 g/kg QCT, but was similar to the 25 and 75 g/kg QCT. The proportions of acetate decreased, while the proportions of propionate increased with the 25 g/kg QCT compared with CON. Methane production was not affected in cultures incubated with QCT. Relative to CON, all doses of QCT decreased ammonia-N concentration. In conclusion, results from the present study showed that except for CNO, EO tested in the study had no effects on rumen CH4 production. Addition of CNO to rumen cultures at 125 and 250 mg/L reduced CH4 production without negative effects on rumen fermentation. Quebracho condensed tannin-extract supplementation had no effects on CH4 production and fermentation parameters except for ammonia-N concentration.

Effect of treatment with sodium hydroxide on the feeding value of oat and rape straw for sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Coombe ◽  
JG Mulholland ◽  
RI Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Rape Straw ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Naoh Treatment

Oat and rape straws were treated with NaOH (70 and 40 g kg-1, respectively) by spraying with NaOH solutions (20 or 12.5% w/w), consolidating the sprayed straw into stacks, and storing under plastic. After storage for up to 60 weeks, in vitro digestibilities had been approximately doubled, although it appeared that the reaction was complete by 4 weeks. Potential digestibility of straw organic matter estimated by a polyester bag technique, was increased by c. 0.1 by NaOH treatment but the rate of digestion in the rumen was not changed. Following storage, treated and untreated straws were dried, ground, mixed with supplements and pelleted for feeding to sheep. Mixtures of treated or untreated oat straw, minerals, c. 3% urea and 0, 14, 28 or 42% starch were fed to mature wethers. The main effects of NaOH treatment of straw were to increase water intake, digestibilities of organic matter and cellulose, and rumen volatile fatty acid levels, and decrease rumen ammonia levels. Low intakes of NaOH-straw with no added starch were associated with high rumen pH (> 7.5 , probably due to unreacted alkali (equivalent to 23 g NaOH kg-1). Inclusion of starch, but not NaOH-straw treatment, improved dietary N utilization, although mean N balances were negative (- 5.5 to - 0.1 g day-1) on all diets. Feeding treated straw increased the amounts of Na eaten, and of Na and P apparently absorbed; the extra absorption was accounted for by increased urinary excretion so that retention was not increased. When diets of rape straw supplemented with urea and minerals were fed to 2-year-old wethers, NaOH treatment of straw increased intakes of food and water, organic matter digestibility, rumen volatile fatty acid concentration and N balance.

Effect of monensin on in vitro fermentation of maize starch by hindgut contents of cattle

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Marounek ◽  
O. Petr ◽  
L. Machañová
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Molar Percentage ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

SUMMARYContents of the caecum and the colon of four steers and four cows fed concentrate-plus-roughage diets were obtained at an abattoir, transferred to the laboratory and incubated anaerobically with maize starch in the presence (10mg/l) or absence of monensin. Samples taken at the end of incubation were assayed for fermentation acids and methane production.Monensin significantly increased the molar percentage of propionate and decreased that of butyrate. Acetate percentage was not significantly influence by the addition of monensin. There was no consistent effect of monensin on total volatile fatty acid concentrations. Monensin decreased methanogenesis in all incubations. The production of methane was small, only 1 mmol/13–50 mmol of volatile fatty acid.

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