RELATIONSHIPS AMONG UDDER MEASUREMENTS, MILKING SPEED, MILK YIELD AND CMT SCORES IN YOUNG DAIRY COWS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. BATRA ◽  
A. J. McALLISTER
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
National Cooperative

Heritabilities, phenotypic and genetic correlations among udder measurements (front teat length, front teat diameter, rear teat length, rear teat diameter, teat distance, udder height), milking speed, and milk yield were estimated for a Holstein line (H) and an Ayrshire-based line (A). Data from 1159 first lactation heifers in the National Cooperative Dairy Cattle Breeding Project were used. A subset of these data from 385 cows measured for the above traits plus California Mastitis Test (CMT) Score were analyzed to estimate relationships among udder measurements, milking speed, milk yield, and CMT score. Front teats were on the average 0.7 cm longer than rear teats. Heritability estimates of udder measurements, milking speed, and milk yield were moderate and ranged from 24% to 57% for the H line, 22% to 61% for the A line and 16% to 51% for the subset of data, except for teat distance in the H line which had a heritability of 5%. Heritability of CMT score was zero. Udders that were closer to the ground tended to have longer and wider teats. High-producing cows milked faster, had lower CMT score, and had udders closer to the ground than low producing cows. Genetic correlations of udder measurements with milking speed and milk yield were small and nonsignificant except for front teat diameter and teat distance which were negatively correlated with milk yield in H line heifers. Key words: Udder measurements, milking speed, milk yield, CMT score, dairy cattle

RELATIONSHIPS OF REPRODUCTION TRAITS, BODY WEIGHT AND MILK YIELD IN DAIRY CATTLE

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. BATRA ◽  
A. J. LEE ◽  
A. J. McALLISTER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
National Cooperative

The relationships between reproduction traits, body weight and milk yield were investigated using data from 1611 heifers and 733 cows from two lines of the National Cooperative Dairy Cattle Breeding Project. The data were analyzed separately for heifers and cows within lines using a mixed linear model containing fixed effects for station, year of birth, season of birth and random effect of sires. Heritability estimates and genetic correlations were estimated by a paternal half-sib analysis. Heritability estimates for heifer and cow reproduction traits ranged between 0 and 26% while those of body weights at calving and 112 d postpartum and milk yield ranged from 24 to 43%. Heifers with difficult calving had a higher incidence of retained placenta than those with normal calving. Phenotypic correlations between heifer reproduction traits and milk yield during first lactation were small. High milk production in cows was associated with longer calving interval. Phenotypic correlations between heifer's and cow's reproduction traits were small. Difficult calving in heifers impairs reproductive performance after calving resulting in greater number of days from calving to first and last breeding and leading to a longer calving interval. Key words: Reproduction traits, heifers, cows, milk yield, dairy cattle

Correlations between food intake in young bulls and production, fertility and health disorders in lactating dairy cattle

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
R. Wassmuth ◽  
D. Boelling ◽  
J. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Heritability Estimates

AbstractDisease incidence in dairy cattle is to be reduced for animal welfare and economical reasons. This should be achieved not only by improvement of management but preferably also by genetic means. This study looks at the possibility of decreasing disease incidence in first lactation cows by increasing food intake. The latter is not measured on the cows directly but on young bulls during their performance test. Data consisted of 2203 Danish Red, 4527 Danish Black and White and 1022 Danish Jersey potential AI-bulls and 56 494 Danish Red, 264107 Danish Black and White and 57 661 Danish Jersey first lactation cows. Measures of food intake were provided by two Danish performance test stations. Information on incidence of mastitis, retained placenta, metritis, sole ulcer and ketosis as well as calving interval and energy corrected milk yield of first lactation cows was based on data extracted from the national data base in Denmark. Genetic (co)variances were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood. Heritability estimates of disease incidence and calving interval were low, ranging from <0.01 to 0.13 depending on breed. Heritability estimates of energy corrected milk yield were in the range of 0.28 to 0.33. In all breeds, an unfavourable genetic relationship between milk yield and disease incidence was found, while genetic correlations between food intake and ketosis were favourable, ranging between -0.03 and -0.25. Fertility disorders had an inconsistent correlation with food intake traits across breeds. Food intake of bulls could be included in the selection process in order to avoid nutrition-related disorders like ketosis.

scholarly journals Combining of dairy cattle and sheep breeding ‒ perspective or last choice?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 838-844
Author(s):  
I.V. Goncharenko ◽  
D.T. Vinnichuk ◽  
N.V. Bogdanova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

<p><span lang="EN-US">The data presented gives ground for the expediency of the accelerated development of milk and meat sheep breeding in Ukraine, which is economically effectively combined with a dairy cattle breeding with an expanded reproduction of Holstein cattle, which milk quality does not yet fully meet the modern requirements. <span>The materials of in-house study on the quality of milk of H<span>olstein</span><span> cows breed </span>are summarized, the data of the physicochemical composition of sheep milk are given. The experience of studying the dairy productivity of sheep shows that this type of product is of significant importance in the overall balance of gross income of sheep breeding. Comparing a milk yield of a sheep with a milk yield of a dairy cow, not by the gross quantity of milk, but by its equivalents of chemical composition, we have: milk yields of 1 cow are equivalent to the yield of 4-6 sheep. The issues of sheep milk productivity with the purpose of production of sheep's milk and its processing should be reconsidered for obtaining valuable nutritious products - hard cheeses which have an export significance. </span>It is theoretically possible to combine and accelerate the development of cattle and sheep breeding with the formation of specialized dairy stock farming.</span></p>

scholarly journals USING A MARKER-BASED SELECTION IN BREEDING OF DAIRY CATTLE OF DIFFERENT BREEDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
E.E. Egorashina ◽  
◽  
R.V. Tamarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Ayrshire Breed ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Beta Lactoglobulin

Dependence on imports of main food products remains unchanged in the Russian Federation. Government programms set goals to increase quantity as well as quality of manufactured products. It is possible due to the introduction of a DNA technology into dairy cattle breeding. Reliable genetic markers of a cow protein milk ability are kappa casein and beta-lactoglobulin. We have studied milk proteinpolymorphism, genotype combinations in interconnection with milk ability and breed for the Ayrshire, Holstein and Holstein-Yaroslavl cross breed cows. It was found that in the same conditions and with the balanced feeding differences in milk yield and quantity of fat in milk among breeds are statistically unreliable while in milk protein quantity the difference is highly reliable D ≥ 0,999. There is high occurrence frequency of A kappa casein allele (0,74– 0,93) and low of kappa casein allele B (0,07–0,12), especially in case of the Ayrshire breed. B-allele of beta-lactoglobulin in the genotype of all cows is seen with the frequency of 0,58–0,70, A-allele is average (0,30–0,42). In order to increase the protein milk ability of the cows farms are to use more Ballele kappa-casein servicing bulls. Target breeding according to this characteristic as well as milk yield is also recommended.

EVALUATION OF LACTATION CURVES OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY COWS DEPENDING ON PARATIPICAL FACTORS

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
V. S. Kozyr ◽  
A. D. Hekkiyev
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

It was proved that features of lactation curves of cows should be considered at developing breeding programs in dairy cattle breeding, contributing to an objective assessment of a genotype and thus, use of genetic and mathematical methods would increase probability of predicting performance for dairy herd.

DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN THE YAROSLAVL REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
А.В. КОНОВАЛОВ ◽  
А.А. АЛЕКСЕЕВ ◽  
М.В. АБРАМОВА
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Farms

Рассмотрена динамика производства молока в сельскохозяйственных организациях Ярославской области с 2015 по 2019 год. Проведено разделение на группы предприятий по надою молока от 1 коровы. Рассмотрены проблемы малых и средних ферм. Выявлен устойчивый рост валового надоя молока. В 2019 году он составил 292 тыс. т (+16,8% к уровню 2015 г.), что обусловлено увеличением среднегодового надоя на 1 корову до 6967 кг. Наибольший рост продуктивности отмечен в группе хозяйств с надоем от 6001 до 8000 кг (29,4%), что определено комплексным подходом к совершенствованию ведения молочного скотоводства и укреплением кормовой базы. Выявлена положительная тенденция увеличения доли вегетативных траншейных кормов I и II класса, которая в 2019 году составила 66% и возросла на 20 п.п. по сравнению с 2015 годом. Анализ породного состава молочного скота в регионе показал увеличение доли высокопродуктивных пород в племенных хозяйствах с 16,5% в 2015 году до 26,0% в 2019 году. Интенсивное использование животных приводит к ранней выбраковке коров в возрасте 3,07 отела и снижению среднего возраста стад до 2,43 отела. Дальнейший рост производства молока в регионе возможен при решении комплекса задач по оптимизации породного состава молочного скота, совершенствованию производственных систем в малых и средних сельскохозяйственных предприятиях, повышению уровня кормления и улучшению условий содержания скота. The dynamics of milk production in agricultural organizations of the Yaroslavl region in the period from 2015 to 2019 is considered, the grouping of enterprises by milk yield is carried out, the problems of small and medium-sized farms are emphasized, a steady increase of milk production was revealed, which in 2019 amounted to 292 thousand tons (+16.8% compared to 2015), which is due to an increase in the average annual milk yield per cow to 6967 kg. The greatest increase in productivity was observed in the group of farms with milk yield from 6001 to 8000 kg (+29.37%). This is determined by a comprehensive approach to improving the management of dairy cattle and strengthening the feed base. During the study period, a positive trend was revealed to increase the share of vegetative feeds of class I and II quality, which in 2019 amounted to 66% and increased by 20 p.p. compared to 2015. Analysis of the breed composition of dairy cattle in the region showed an increase in the share of highly productive breeds in breeding farms from 16.5% in 2015 to 26.0% in 2019. At the same time, intensive use of animals leads to an earlier cull of cows at the age of 3.07 calving and a decrease in the average age of herds by 6.5%, which is 2.43 calving. Further growth of milk production in the region is possible when solving a set of tasks to optimize the breed composition of dairy cattle, improve production systems, in small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, increase the level of feeding and improve the conditions of keeping livestock.

The Progeny Test as a Method of Evaluating the Dairy Sire.

1932 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Accurate Indication ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Dairy Sire

A survey of some environmental and physiological factors influencing milk yield and an analysis of theories of and experiments on milk and butterfat inheritance have been made.Further evidence is given of the fact that the proved dairy sire is the outstanding medium through which improvement in dairy cattle breeding may be effected. The need of (1) prolonging the breeding life of such an animal and (2) evolving a scheme for the regular progeny-recording of all dairy sires is emphasised.The minimum number of unselected daughters necessary to give a reasonably accurate indication of their sire's transmitting ability is six.

Genetic correlations between 305-day and monthly test day milk yield records in primiparous Iranian Holsteins

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 219-219
Author(s):  
H. Farhangfar ◽  
P. Rowlinson ◽  
M.B. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Breeding Programmes

Traditionally, in most dairy cattle breeding programmes genetic evaluation of dairy sires and cows has been primarily based on 305-day lactation yield. To provide 305-day lactation yields many partial lactations have to be extended by adjustment factors resulting in overestimation or underestimation of 305-day yields which in turn leads to biased prediction of breeding values. Over the past decade there has been a considerable interest in using monthly test day records instead of 305-day lactation yield to predict breeding values of dairy cattle as early as possible and also to increase genetic gain through reducing generation interval. The main objective of present research was to estimate the genetic correlations between 305-day and monthly test day milk yields in Iranian Holstein dairy heifers.

A comparison of Canadian Holstein bulls with those in the National Cooperative Dairy Cattle Breeding Project

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
A. J. Lee ◽  
A. J. McAllister ◽  
C. Y. Lin ◽  
T. R. Batra
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Selection For ◽  
National Cooperative

Direct comparisons of industry Holsteins to project Holsteins and to crossbred C lines in the National Cooperative Dairy Cattle Breeding Project were made at Ottawa. The industry Holstein group was composed of the eight Holstein young bulls in AI units awaiting proof in 1984, which had the highest pedigree indexes for protein yield. They were mated to both Holstein and crossbred C line females at Ottawa. Project Holstein and C line bulls were mated to females of their respective lines. Matings within the crossbred C line resulted in greater calving ease and fewer retained placentae (P < 0.05) than matings of Holsteins to either Holstein or C line females. Crossbred C line cattle were smaller and produced less milk, fat and protein in the first 24 wk of first lactation than Holsteins. Project and industry Holstein progeny were equivalent in early first lactation, milk fat and protein yield, but progeny of industry bulls were larger at all ages. Selection for protein yield over 14 yr in a 300 milking cow population produced young bulls of comparable genetic merit for production traits to that of intensely pedigree selected industry bulls. Key words: Holstein, selection, crossbred, yield, heifer

Lifetime profitability measures for dairy cows and their relationships to lifetime performance traits

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Kulak ◽  
J. C. M. Dekkers ◽  
A. J. McAllister ◽  
A. J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
Lifetime Performance ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
National Cooperative ◽  
Total Life

The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare alternative measures of individual cow lifetime profitability and to determine what lifetime traits are significantly related to profitability of dairy cattle. Profitability measures considered were: 1) lifetime milk revenue minus lifetime feed costs (MMF); 2) lifetime profit (LP); 3) discounted lifetime profit (DLP); 4) annualized DLP per year of total life (ADLPLTL); 5) annualized DLP per year of productive life (ADLPLPL); 6) DLP adjusted for opportunity cost of postponed replacement (DLPOC), and 7) economic efficiency (EF). Data for this study consisted of 1112 lifetime performance records of Holstein cows from the National Cooperative Dairy Cattle Breeding Project, which was implemented by Agriculture Canada in 1972. Correlations were highest among MMF, LP, and DLP. EF had slightly lower correlations with MMF, LP, and DLP, but higher with ADLPLTL and ADLPLPL. ADLPLPL and DLPOC had low correlations with all other measures. DLPOC was recommended as the best because it considered the opportunity costs of postponed replacement.For DLPOC, average milk revenue per lactation was found to be the most important income trait, followed by length of productive life. Days dry (average over completed lactations) had the greatest negative impact on profitability. Age at first calving and average number of veterinary treatments for reproductive diseases over lactations were both negative contributions to profit. Lifetime traits accounted for 65% of variation in DLPOC. Key words: Dairy cow, profitability, lifetime traits

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