DIGESTIBILITY BY SHEEP AND PERFORMANCE OF STEERS FED SILAGES STORED IN TOWER SILOS AND SILO PRESS BAGS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOMINIQUE D. RONY ◽  
GILLES DUPUIS ◽  
GHISLAIN PELLETIER
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Species Type ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
And Performance

This experiment evaluated the effect of type of silo on fermentation characteristics, digestibility of single and mixed silages by sheep, and growth performance of steers fed mixtures of corn silage (C) and grass silage (G) at a 1:1 ratio of dry matter (DM). The grass silage (60% alfalfa: 40% grass) harvested at 48% DM and corn silage harvested at 32% DM were stored both in tower silos (TS) and silo press bags (SPB). In each case, on the day of filling, thermocouples were imbedded at different places along the silos. Fermentation temperature of silage stored in SPB dropped more rapidly (P < 0.05) than that of TS after reaching maximum temperature. For the single silages (GST, GSPB, CTS and CSPB) maximum temperatures were 43, 42, 24 and 22 °C, respectively. The single silages and their mixture (GTS + CTS, GSPB + CSPB, GTS + CSPB and GSPB + CTS) were fed to sheep according to a double 4 × 4 Latin square design. Concurrently, 72 Hereford steers weighing 190 kg average live weight were allotted to 12 groups each of six steers and fed four silage mixtures ad libitum according to a complete block design in three replications during 196-day period. Within plant species, type of silo had no effect (P > 0.05) on pH values and silage chemical composition. Voluntary DM intakes were 67.0, 69.4, 49.4 and 46.2 g/kgW0.75 for GTS, GSPB, CTS and CSPB, respectively. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were noted between intake of silages fed as mixtures. Digestibility coefficients of grass silage DM, crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were 7.5, 13.8 and 5.5% higher (P < 0.05), respectively, for GSPB than GTS. However, there were no significant differences between digestibility coefficients of corn from SPB and TS. Better DM and CP digestibilities (P < 0.05) were obtained when GSPB was fed in mixture with corn than GTS in mixture with corn. Average daily gain of steers was higher (P < 0.01) with GSPB (0.79 kg/day) than with GTS (0.73 kg/day) fed in mixtures with corn silage. Key words: Silo press bags, tower silos, silage composition, sheep digestibility, steer performance

Digestibility and performance of dairy bulls fed corn and grass silages with various sequences and levels of barley

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
P. M. Flipot ◽  
H. V. Petit ◽  
V. Girard ◽  
M. Bernier-Cardou
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Entire Experiment ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
And Performance

Sixty Canadian Holstein male calves (mean weight 261 kg), previously fed all-concentrate diets, were allocated to one of six different sequences of barley supplementation. Rolled barley was provided in the diet at three levels (0, 17 and 34% on a DM basis) with either grass or corn silages, and fed as a total mixed ration for 91, 77 and 70 d during periods 1,2, and 3, respectively, to ensure consumption of 330 kg of barley per animal for the entire experiment. Barley supplementation in the last period improved average daily gain over the whole experiment by 0.223 kg d−1 (P = 0.0154), and feed efficiency by 55% (P = 0.0062) compared to inclusion of barley in the silage mixtures during the first period. Feed efficiency improved with concentrate supplementation of both silages (P ≤ 0.0001), but the improvement with grass silage was greater than with corn silage (P = 0.0041). Dry matter and energy digestibilities were not affected by feed sequences (P = 0.1025, P = 0.0833, respectively), but they were higher for mixed diets than for pure silage (P = 0.0186, P = 0.0218, respectively). Dry matter intake was 0.81 kg d−1 higher (P ≤ 0.0001) when concentrate was added to the diet. These results suggest that energy feeds such as barley are more efficiently used in the last part of growth. This experiment demonstrates the feasibility of switching grain-fed calves to roughage diets. Key words: Barley, dairy bulls, energy distribution, corn silage, grass silage

scholarly journals Feeding strategies for improving productivity of growing steers fed grass silage

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-692
Author(s):  
D. R. Ouellet ◽  
L. Faucitano ◽  
D. Pellerin ◽  
M. D’Amours ◽  
R. Berthiaume
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ground Corn

Two experiments were conducted to determine the relationship between corn particle size and soybean meal treatment on growth, diet digestibility, and nitrogen balance of growing steers. In the first experiment, 40 medium-frame beef steers (250 ± 11 kg) were fed individually for 140 d a diet based on grass silage offered for ad libitum consumption and supplemented with either 3.5 kg of DM d-1 of cracked corn (CC) or ground corn (GC) and with 450 g of DM d-1 of solvent extracted (SS) or lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal (Soypass™ SP). Dry matter intake was not affected by treatments and averaged 8.6 ± 0.3 kg d-1 (P > 0.10). Average daily gain was higher for animals receiving the ground corn than those fed cracked corn. Feed to gain ratio was not affected by treatments. There was an interaction between treatments for plasma urea-N concentration, with source of soybean meal having no effect with CC. When compared with SS, SP supplement reduced plasma urea-N when fed with GC. No effect of soybean meal and its interaction with corn processing was observed on growth performance. In the second experiment four additional steers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to evaluate diet digestibility and nitrogen balance. There was an interaction between treatments for starch apparent digestibility and N retained, the values being respectively, 90, 86, 93, and 92% (SEM = 1.2; P < 0.01) and 36, 42, 44 and 41 g d-1 (SEM = 2.8; P < 0.03) for CCSS, CCSP, GCSS and GCSP, respectively. Altogether, the results indicate a slight advantage to reduce particle size of corn in growing steers fed grass silage. However, soybean meal treatment resulted in limited effects on growth and digestion. Key words: Rumen carbohydrate, undegradable protein, performance, steers

PSIV-2 A comparison of feedlot growth and performance of beef x Holstein crossbred steers and Holstein steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
Bailey L Basiel ◽  
Chad D Dechow ◽  
Tara L Felix
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Objectives were to compare feedlot performance and carcass traits of F1 beef × Holstein steers and Holstein steers. Angus or Limousin × Holstein crossbred [n = 27; age = 12 ± 3 months; body weight (BW) = 435 ± 8 kg] and Holstein (n = 20; age = 11 ± 2 months; BW = 400 ± 9 kg) steers were fed at the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture Livestock Evaluation Center for 111 days. Feed intake was recorded using the GrowSafe Feed Intake Monitoring System (Model 4000E, GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Calgary AB, Canada). The diet contained corn silage, dried distillers grains, soybean meal, and cracked corn and was formulated to meet or exceed the requirements of beef cattle (NASEM, 2016). Growth performance variables of interest and carcass measurements were analyzed with the Mixed procedure of SAS (SAS 9.4; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). USDA assigned quality grades (QG) and yield grades (YG) were analyzed the with GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Breed was a fixed effect in all models. There were no differences (P &gt; 0.05) between breeds in average daily gain or feed efficiency. Crossbreds exceeded Holsteins in initial (P &lt; 0.01) and final BW (P = 0.01), dry matter intake (P = 0.03), hot carcass weight (P &lt; 0.01), backfat (P = 0.03), and ribeye area (REA; P &lt; 0.01). Thirty-five percent (35%) of the Holsteins received a QG of Choice or above while 74% of crossbreds graded USDA Choice or above (P = 0.01). However, 75% of Holsteins were YG 2 or lower while only 45% of crossbreds achieved YG 2 or less (P = 0.05). There was no improvement in efficiency when crossbreds were compared to Holsteins; however, carcasses from crossbreds were more likely to grade USDA Choice or above while yielding greater REA and backfat than Holsteins.

The Effects upon the intake and performance of store lambs of supplementing grass silage with barley, fish meal and rapeseed meal

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yilala ◽  
M. J. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Intakes

ABSTRACTTwo experiments are described in which individually-penned Suffolk × (Blue-faced Leicester × Swaledale) lambs were given complete diets based on grass silage, and voluntary intake, live-weight gain and nitrogen (N) retention were measured.Experiment 1 investigated the effects of supplements of fish meal (0, 60 and 120 g/kg diet dry matter (DM)) and barley (0, 150 and 300 g/kg diet DM) in a 3 × 3 design using 72 lambs. The lambs averaged 35 kg live weight at the start of the 47-day experiment. Fish-meal supplements increased daily intakes of diet DM, silage DM and metabolizable energy (ME), and improved daily gains, carcass weights and N retention. Barley supplements increased daily intakes of diet DM and ME, but reduced silage DM intake; live-weight gain, carcass weight and N retention were all improved.Experiment 2 investigated the effects of supplements of rapeseed meal (0 and 120 g/kg diet DM) in two forms (untreated and formaldehyde-treated) and barley (0 and 150 g/kg diet DM) in a 2 × 2 × 2 design with two missing treatments and using 48 lambs. The lambs averaged 39 kg live weight at the start of the 42-day experiment. Rapeseed meal supplements increased daily intakes of diet DM, silage DM and ME, and improved daily gains, carcass weights and N retention. Form of rapeseed meal had no effect. Barley increased diet DM and ME intakes and improved daily gains and carcass weights.

scholarly journals Intake, digestibility, and performance of steers fed diets based on two corn silage hybrids and two concentrate levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 868-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.H.M. Chizzotti ◽  
O.G. Pereira ◽  
S.C. Valadares Filho ◽  
L.O. Tedeschi ◽  
K.G. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Diet Cost ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Matter Basis

A trial involving a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments was conducted to evaluate two corn silage hybrids (Agromen, AGN35-A42) and (Bayer, A3663) and concentrate levels (25 and 50%) on animal performance. Twenty-four Holstein x Zebu crossbred steers, averaging 335±30kg of BW, were distributed in six randomized blocks to evaluate intake, digestibility, and performance. Treatments consisted of 75% corn silage A + 25% concentrate, 50% corn silage A + 50% concentrate, 75% corn silage B + 25% concentrate, and 50% corn silage B + 50% concentrate (dry matter basis); formulated to be isonitrogenous (13% crude protein, dry matter basis). There were no differences in the daily intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein. Additionally, there was a concentrate effect on non-fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients intakes, and on total apparent digestibility of DM and OM, with higher intakes for steers fed diets with 50% of concentrate. However, average daily gain (ADG) was not influenced by treatments. The utilization of both corn silage hybrids in association with 25% of concentrate is a good option to feed crossbred steers with ADG close to 1.0kg in order to reduce diet cost.

scholarly journals 2 Evaluation of Masters Choice Corn Silage on Growing Steer Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 127-127
Author(s):  
jiehua Xiong ◽  
Bradley M Boyd ◽  
Levi J McPhillips ◽  
Kyle Vosburgh ◽  
Galen E Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Fiber Digestion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Abstract Corn hybrids can be selected for improved digestion rates using lab techniques, which should impact animal performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate two Masters Choice corn silage hybrids on growing steer performance. In an 84-day growing study, 288 crossbred steers (initial BW = 303 ± 12 kg) were utilized in a generalized randomized block design with three diet treatments, 12 steers per pen and 8 pen replicates per treatment. Diets consisted of 80% corn silage (DM basis) of Masters Choice hybrid MCT6365 RIB (MC1, that has been selected to improve fiber and starch digestion) and MCT6733 GT3000 (MC2, that has been selected to improve fiber digestion) were compared to a conventional corn hybrid Farm Choice (CON, that is commonly grown in Eastern Nebraska). All corn was grown in one field under identity preserved method and harvested at 37-38% DM in three consecutive days. Relative to CON, feeding MC1 resulted in similar dry matter intake (DMI, P = 0.28), but numerically increased average daily gain (ADG, P = 0.14) which significantly improved feed efficiency (G:F, P = 0.02). Feeding MC2 led to greater DMI (P &lt; 0.01), similar ADG (P = 0.45), and lower G:F (P &lt; 0.01) compared to CON. The results suggest that feeding Masters Choice hybrid MCT6365 RIB (MC1) corn silage at 80% of the diet DM improved ADG and G:F by 4.2%, while feeding MC2 decreased G:F by increasing DMI compared to CON. Differences in corn hybrids exist when feeding growing cattle 80% silage.

scholarly journals PSXIV-8 Inclusion of byproducts derived from the process of corn ethanol production in finishing cattle diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 436-436
Author(s):  
Silvio Antunes ◽  
Djonatan Machado ◽  
Camila Delveaux Araujo Batalha ◽  
Vinícius Gouvêa ◽  
Murillo A Meschiatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Corn Ethanol ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Whole Cottonseed ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance and metabolism responses of finishing cattle to dietary inclusion of corn ethanol byproducts. All diets were isonitrogenous and contained 15% corn silage, 12% soyhulls, 0.55 to 0.85% urea and 2.25% mineral supplement. Treatments were (dry basis): Control [8% whole cottonseed, 5% soybean meal and 56.9% ground corn (GC)]; High Protein Distillers Grains (HPDG; 10.3% HPDG and 59.65% GC); Dry Distillers Grains plus Solubles (DDBS; 30% DDBS and 39.65% GC); Wet Distillers Brain plus Solubles (WDGS; 30% WDGS and 39.65% GC). In Exp. 1, 268 Nellore bulls were blocked by initial body weight (423.3 kg ± 36.6 kg), assigned to 44 pens in a randomized complete block design and fed for 110 days. Dry matter intake (DMI) tended (P = 0.058) to be greater for DDBS compared with WDBS (11.2 vs. 10.3 kg, respectively). Average daily gain was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for DDBS compared with HPDG (1.62 vs 1.45 kg respectively) and tended (P = 0.086) to be greater for DDBS compared with control (1.62 vs. 1.48 kg respectively). Hot carcass weight was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for DDBS compared with the other treatments (332 vs. 321 kg respectively). Feed efficiency, carcass dressing, ribeye area and back fat thickness were not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by treatments. In Exp. 2, four rumen cannulated Nellore steers (389 ± 37 kg) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Total tract digestibility of dry matter was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for HPDG compared with DDBS (76.8 vs. 68.5% respectively). Rumen acetate:propionate ratio was less (P &lt; 0.01) for HPDG and DDBS (2.01) compared to control and WDBS (2.72). The greater HCW of bulls fed DDBS may be the result of its positive effect on DMI and rumen VFA profile.

Influence of forage: concentrate ratio and type of starch in the diet on feeding behaviour, dietary preferences, digestion, metabolism and performance of dairy goats in mid lactation

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Abijaoudé ◽  
P. Morand-Fehr ◽  
J. Tessier ◽  
P. Schmidely ◽  
D. Sauvant
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
And Performance ◽  
C 30

AbstractIn a 12-week trial, 12 Alpine and 12 Saanen dairy goats in mid lactation were housed in individual stalls for behavioural, digestive and metabolic studies. Eight of them were fitted with ruminal cannulae. They were offered ad libitum four complete diets CR, CS, FR and FS (450 g dry matter (DM) per kg) in a 4✕4 Latin-square design. Forage: concentrate ratio was either low (C = 30: 70) or high (F = 55: 45) and starch source either rapidly (R, barley) or slowly (S, maize) degraded in the rumen.Diet preferences were tested. DM intake, chewing activities and performance were determined. Ruminal pH and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations were measured. Goats were also challenged intravenously with glucose (0·2 g/kg live weight) to assess glucose homeostasis.CR was the most preferred diet. The level of intake differed according to the type of starch (2·2 kg DM per day of CR and FR and 2·0 kg DM per day of CS and FS). FS lowered ruminal pH significantly less than the other diets after the meal. Ruminal NH3-N concentrations were lower in goats given CR and CS than FR and FS. Goats’ resistance to a glucose challenge was not different among diets. Milk yield was 2·00, 1·85, 2·01, 1·85 kg/day on CR, CS, FR and FS respectively. Milk fat content decreased significantly with diets rich in concentrate (24 v. 26 g/kg milk) but milk protein content varied only a little.In conclusion it appears that (1) higher forage: concentrate ratios were less preferred and decreased ruminal acidity but increased daily chewing, ruminal NH3-N and milk fat content; and (2) rapidly degraded starch increased intake, ruminal acidity and milk yield.

Effects of sodium bentonite supplements on growth performance of feedlot steers fed direct-cut or wilted grass silage based diets

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Berthiaume ◽  
M. Ivan ◽  
C. Lafrenière
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Daily Gain

Forty crossbred steers (initial liveweight: 339 ± 41 kg) were assigned to four equal groups in a 98-d feeding experiment to determine the effects of sodium bentonite supplements (2% of dietary dry matter) on their growth performance. The steers were fed ad libitum a total mixed ration based on direct-cut (two groups) or wilted (two groups) grass silage. One group of steers fed the same silage received the diet without supplementation (control), while the second group received the diet with the sodium bentonite supplement. The steers were housed in pens with electronic headgates in an unheated enclosed feedlot. Feed intake was recorded throughout the experiment and weighing conducted every 2 wk. Apparent digestibilities of dietary components were determined with four steers in a parallel 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Feed intake, average daily gain (ADG) and the efficiency of feed utilization were higher (P < 0.05) in steers fed wilted than in those fed the poorly fermented direct-cut grass silage. Bentonite increased (P = 0.04) ADG in steers fed the direct-cut grass silage, but in those fed the wilted grass silage ADG was virtually the same for both the control or the bentonite-supplemented steers. Except for energy, digestibility of nutrients was superior (P ≤ 0.05) in the wilted than in the direct-cut grass silage, but there were no effects (P > 0.05) of bentonite. It was concluded that it may be useful to supplement poorly fermented direct-cut silage diets with sodium bentonite, but not those based on wilted grass silage. Key words: Feedlot steers, sodium bentonite, grass silage, growth performance

Body composition and performance of autumn-calving Holstein-Friesian dairy cows during lactation: food intake, milk constituent output and live weight

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 100-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D Sutton ◽  
K. Aston ◽  
D.E Beever ◽  
W.J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Friesian Cows

The importance of measuring partition between body and milk in dairy cows and identifying the factors underlying it has long been recognised. However accurate measurements of partition In the body are few because of the difficulty and expense of the techniques.The purpose of the present experiment was to measure the effects in autumn-calving Holstein-Friesian cows given grass silage ad libitum of amount of concentrate and stage of lactation on body composition by direct (Gibb et al 1992a, b) and Indirect (Kings et al 1992) techniques, adipose tissue metabolism (Walsh et al 1992) and milk production. In a related trial, energy balance was measured in other cows by Indirect calorimetry (Cammell et al 1992).This report covers silage Intake, milk production and live-weight change. Communications on the associated studies are given in the Proceedings of this Meeting.

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