COMPARATIVE RESPONSES OF BULLS AND STEERS TO TRANSPORTATION

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. TENNESSEN ◽  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Percentage Weight Loss ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Stressful Experience

Seven groups of six bulls and seven groups of six steers were transported separately by truck for either 10 min or 2 h. Body weight, rectal temperature, respiratory rate, serum cortisol, and a chute score were recorded before and after trucking. Heart rate was monitored by telemetry in one animal per group. The bulls were significantly heavier than the steers (513 vs. 473 kg), and had significantly lower serum cortisol levels (1.9 vs. 4.8 μmg/dL). The steers showed a significantly greater increase in rectal temperature than the bulls during the 2-h haul (0.5 vs. 0 °C); there were no other statistically significant differences between the two genders. Overall, the reactions of the bulls and steers to trucking were similar and minor. The longer haul caused a greater percentage weight loss (2.2 vs. 1.6%) than the shorter haul. It is concluded that transportation by road for up to 2 h need not be a stressful experience to bulls or steers. Key words: Transportation, steers, bulls, stress

BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FILLETING PROCESSES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST

1964 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne I. Tretsven
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Percentage Weight Loss ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Bottom Fish ◽  
Iced Storage

Summary Pughing of various species of bottom fish was quantitatively evaluated with regard to the incidence of pugh marks, the percentage weight loss in trimming away pugh-damaged area, the rate of spoilage of pugh-damaged areas, the predisposition toward discoloration of these areas, and the bacterial effects of pughing before and after iced storage.

scholarly journals PENGARUH JARAK PENGANGKUTAN TERHADAP PENYUSUTAN DAN PERSENTASE PENYUSUTAN BOBOT BADAN AYAM KAMPUNG SUPER (The Effect of Transport Distance on Depreciation and Percentage Weight Loss of Super Native Chicken)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hari Setiawan ◽  
Tati Rohayati ◽  
Titin Nurhayatin ◽  
Ervi Herawati ◽  
Ibrahim Hadist
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Percentage Weight Loss ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Transport Distance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Native Chickens

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari pengaruh jarak pengangkutan terhadap penyusutan dan persentase penyusutan bobot badan ayam kampung super. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama satu hari dari kandang yang berlokasi dari Kampung Patrol, Desa Sirna Galih, Kecamatan Cigalontang, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya ke Kampung Cigangsa, Desa Bojongloa, Keacamatan Cilawu, Kabupaten Garut. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan empat perlakuan dan lima ulangan, yaitu : P1 (Jarak Pengangkutan 10 Km), P2 (Jarak Pengangkutan 20 Km), P3 (Jarak Pengangkutan 30 Km), dan P4 (Jarak Pengangkutan 40 Km), dengan menggunakan 100 ekor ayam kampung super yang dibagi secara acak ke dalam 5 unit keramba yang diisi 20 ekor tiap unit keramba, dan tiap unit keramba dibagi 4 kelompok perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin jauh jarak pengangkutan, maka semakin besar penyusutan dan persentase penyusutan bobot badan ayam kampung super. Sampai jarak pengangkutan 40 km tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penysutan dan persentase penyusutan bobot badan ayam kampung super. Penyusutan dan persentase penyusutan paling tinggi diperoleh pada jarak pengangkutan 40 km yaitu rata-rata sebesar 35,2 gram/ekor dan 4 persen. Kata Kunci : Pengangkutan, Penyusutan, Ayam Kampung Super. Abstract This research aim ti study the effect of transport distance on depreciation and percentage weight loss of super native chicken, was conducted on 1 day located from Patrol of Sirna Galih Village, Cigalontang District, Tasikmalaya Regency to Cigangsa of Bojongloa Village, Cilawu District, Garut Regency. The method on this research was experimental method with design conducted Complete Randomized Design, on four treatments and five replications, which as follows; P1 (Transport Distance 10 Km), P2 (Transport Distance 20 Km), P3 (Transport Distance 30 Km), dan P4 (Transport Distance 40 Km), by using 100 super native chickens which were randomly divided into 5 cage units filled with 20 chickens per cage unit, and each cage unit is divided into 4 treatment groups with 5 replications. The results showed that the longer distance of transportation, the greater the lost weight and percentage of lost body weight of super native chicken. Until the transport distance of 40 km does not have a significant effect on lost weight and percentage of lost body weight of super native chicken. Depreciation and the highest percentage of depreciation were obtained at 40 km transport distance, which was an average of 35.2 grams / head and 4 percent. Keywords : Transport Distance, depreciation, Super Native Chicken

scholarly journals Respon Fisiologis dan Penyusutan Bobot Badan Domba Lokal Jantan terhadap Transportasi dengan Posisi Berbeda dalam Kendaraan

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Lendrawati Lendrawati ◽  
Rudi Priyanto ◽  
Mohamad Yamin ◽  
Anuraga Jayanegara ◽  
Wasmen Manalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Lying Down

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi respon fisiologis dan penyusutan bobot badan domba lokal jantan terhadap transportasi dengan posisi yang berbeda pada kendaraan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 10 ekor domba lokal jantan yang berumur 8-10 bulan dengan rataan bobot badan 16,11 ± 2,27 kg. Penelitian ini menggunkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dua  faktor dengan 5 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah: posisi domba di kendaraan terdiri dari: posisi berdiri dan berbaring. Faktor kedua adalah waktu pengambilan sampel yaitu: sebelum dan setelah transportasi. Semua domba perlakuan diangkut dalam satu mobil Pick up  selama 8 jam perjalanan dengan tingkat kepadatan yang sama yaitu 0,27 m2/ekor. Data bobot badan, suhu rektal, laju respirasi, denyut nadi, hormon kortisol, glukosa, kreatinin, hemoglobin dan hematokrit dikumpulkan sebelum dan setelah transportasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi yang nyata (P0,05) antara posisi domba dikendaraan dengan waktu pengambilan sampel pada semua parameter (kecuali denyut nadi). Penempatan domba dengan posisi berdiri dan berbaring selama 8 jam transportasi memperlihatkan respon yang sama terhadap penyusutan bobot badan, suhu rektal, laju pernapasan, hormon kortisol, konsentrasi glukosa, kreatinin, hemoglobin dan hematokrit. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penempatan dengan posisi berdiri dan berbaring di kendaraan selama 8 jam transportasi memperlihatkan respon fisiologis dan penyusutan bobot badan yang sama pada domba lokal jantan.  (Physiological responses and body weight loss of male local sheep during transportation with different position on the vehicle) ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to evaluate  the physiological responses and body weight loss of  males local sheep to transportation with different positions on the vehicle. Ten males sheep with 16.11±2.27 kg of body weight and 8-10 months in aged were used in this study. Completely Randomized Design with two factors was used in this study. The first factor was  positions on the vehicle (standing and lying down) and the second factors was sampling times (before and after transportation).  All of sheep were transported in one Pick up (Mitsubishi L 300) for 8 hours with similar of density level of 0,27 m2/head. Data on body weight, rectal temperature, respiration rate, pulse, cortisol, glucose, creatinine, hemoglobin and hematocrit were collected before and after transportation. Results showed  there was no significant interaction (P 0.05) between the position of the sheep in the vehicle with the time of sampling in all parameters (except pulse rate). Placing of sheep with standing and lying down position for 8 hours of transportation showed the same responses  for body weight loss, rectal temperature, respiratory rate, cortisol level, glucose concentration, creatinine, hemoglobin and hematocrit. Based on those findings, it can be concluded that  standing and lying position in the vehicle for 8 hours of transportation shows the similar effect on the physiological responses and body weight loss of  local male sheeps. 

The Impact of Insect Infestation on Stored Purpled Cocoa Beans

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tettey
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insect Population ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Percentage Weight Loss ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Fermentation Period ◽  
The Impact

Under-fermentation of cocoa beans produces purple beans. The fermentation period is 6 to 7 days but some cocoa farmersunder-ferment their cocoa beans leading to the development of purple cocoa beans. This study determined the impact of insectinfestation on stored purple cocoa beans. Wet cocoa beans were fermented for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days to produce the purple beans.Ephestia cautella and Tribolium castaneum, both singly and in combination, were introduced into the cocoa beans and storedfor different (30, 60, 90 and 120 days) period. Insect population, percentage weight loss and the contaminants produced bythese insects were determined. Cocoa beans infested with E. cautella alone had the highest population of 297.0 ± 22.7. Beansfermented for 3 days had the lowest insect population both singly and in combination after 120 days of storage. The highestpercentage weight loss was recorded in cocoa beans fermented for one day (10.1 ± 1.87%) and 4 days (10.1 ± 8.74%). T.castaneum did not cause much damage to the cocoa beans but E. cautella alone caused significant damage to stored cocoabeans. Insect infestation and poor fermentation contribute significantly to the reduction in quality of cocoa beans.

scholarly journals The use of Facebook in a community pharmacist-led weight management programme – a London-based proof of concept study

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i17-i18
Author(s):  
P Crilly ◽  
E Chibueze ◽  
M Khan ◽  
J Modha ◽  
S Satwaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Percentage Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Management Programme ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Adults And Children

Abstract Introduction In the United Kingdom (UK), 63% of adults are overweight,(1) costing the NHS £6.1 billion/year. With the public using digital technology over healthcare professionals (HCPs) for health advice, this warrants an investigation of technology use in community pharmacy, given its previous successful use.(2) Aim To determine the feasibility and perceptions of a community pharmacist (CP)-led weight management programme (WMP), enhanced by a Facebook support group (FSG). Methods A proof of concept study was conducted between January-March 2020. Recruitment was via a pharmacy, the university and a community Facebook group. Inclusion criteria: over 18 years; overweight; no medical conditions. Participants attended face-to-face meetings (ftf) with a CP and final year pharmacy student (PS) on two occasions (0 (baseline) and 4 weeks). At baseline, participants were given the NHS weight loss programme and set weight loss goals. During ftf, participants had height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) measurements by a CP/PS and discussed eating habits, exercise and alcohol. In between ftf, participants accessed the FSG (created (December 2019) and moderated by a CP). Here, they received posts about diet, exercise and motivation. Participants were to have their measurements taken ftf at 8-weeks, however, COVID-19 meant participants had to self-declare these via video call. Following the 8-week programme, participants completed a 4-section survey about their experience (signing up to the service; comparison to previous weight loss attempts; the FSG and overall perceptions). Question types included multiple choice, Likert scale and free text comments. Data were analysed in Excel (Microsoft Corporation 2016) with changes in height, weight, waist circumference, alcohol and exercise being calculated. Results Fifty-five participants were recruited. 18 were lost to follow-up, most (n=12/18) citing COVID-19. Of the 37 participants remaining (70.3% female, mean age=37 years), 22 were obese, the rest overweight. Mean weight loss, mean percentage weight loss and mean WC reduction at 4-weeks was 1.6 kg (SD+/- 1.7 kg), 1.8% (SD+/- 1.9%) and 2 cm (SD+/- 1.96 cm) respectively. At week 8 measurements were self-declared. Mean weight loss at 8-weeks from baseline was 2.7 kg (SD +/- 2.6 kg) and mean percentage weight loss was 3% (SD+/- 3%). Only five participants’ self-declared WC measurements at 8-weeks with mean reduction being 3.6 cm. Five participants moved to healthier BMI classifications by week 8. All participants accessed the FSG at least weekly with 13 accessing it daily. Diet posts were the most popular (n=20/37). Participants learned about portion control and increasing fruits/vegetables intake. All participants would recommend the programme to their friends/family. Conclusion An 8-week CPWMP, enhanced with FSG, supported participants to lose a mean of 3% body weight. Participants accessed the page regularly and were positive about its usefulness. One limitation was that the COVID-19 lockdown prevented the 8-week ftf, therefore, self-declared measurements were used. The pandemic has highlighted the importance of pharmacy embracing technology for service delivery, particularly when in-person contact is limited. The implication of this study is that it provides proof that the concept of digital service delivery could work in practice. References 1. GOV.UK. Tackling obesity: empowering adults and children to live healthier lives [Internet]. Department of Health and Social Care. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 18]. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/tackling-obesity-government-strategy/tackling-obesity-empowering-adults-and-children-to-live-healthier-lives 2. Crilly P, Kayyali R. A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Telehealth and Digital Technology Use by Community Pharmacists to Improve Public Health. Pharmacy 2020;8(3):137. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2226–4787/8/3/137

scholarly journals Effects of Ketamine and Xylazine-Ketamine Combination in Clinical and Haemato-biochemical Parameters in Captive Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta)

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 150-162
Author(s):  
S.P. Kanu ◽  
M.R. Alam ◽  
N. Hoda ◽  
K.P. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Blood Samples

This study was carried to compare the effects of ketamine and xylazine-ketamine combination on clinical and haematobiochemical parameters in captive rhesus monkey. The animals were divided into two groups; one ketamine (K) group and other xylazine-ketamine (XK) group. In ketamine group (n=6) atropine sulphate and ketamine was used intramuscularly at the rate of 0.04 mg/kg body weight and 10 mg/ kg body weight respectively. In xylazine-ketamine group (n=3) xylazine and ketamine was used intramuscularly at the rate of 1 mg/kg body weight and 5 mg/kg body weight respectively. Blood samples were collected immediately after induction and 30 min after induction in both groups. Effects of anaesthetics on haematological and biochemical parameters such as TEC, TLC, Hb, PCV, DLC, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, HDL and LDL and clinical parameters such as rectal temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, muscle relaxation, jaw tone, pedal reflex, palpebral reflex and position of eye ball were studied. Rectal temperature was significantly lower (P<0.01) in group XK than in group K. Heart rate was significantly higher (P<0.01) in group K than in group XK. Respiratory rate was lower in group K than in group XK but it was nonsignificant (P>0.05). Hb and PCV level was significantly lower (P<0.05) in group XK than group K. TEC and TLC was higher in group K than in group XK but it was nonsignificant (P>0.05). Neutrophil and Eosinophil was higher in group XK than in group K but it was nonsignificant (P>0.05). Lymphocyte was lower in group XK than in group K but it was nonsignificant (P>0.05). Monocyte was significantly lower (P<0.05) in group XK than in group K. Serum cholesterol was higher in group XK than in group K but it was nonsignificant (P>0.05). Serum triglyceride and LDL was significantly higher (P<0.05) in group XK than in group K. HDL was lower in group XK than in group K but it was nonsignificant (P>0.05). Smooth induction was found in group XK and duration of anaesthesia was longer in group XK whereas smooth recovery was found in group K but duration of anaesthesia was shorter. Muscle relaxation was excellent in group XK in comparison to group K. It can be suggested from the results of this study that for shorter duration of anaesthesia only ketamine can be used but for longer duration, xylazine-ketamine combination will be appropriate.

scholarly journals An open study of the effectiveness of a multi-component weight-loss intervention for adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 1553-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Melville ◽  
Susan Boyle ◽  
Susan Miller ◽  
Susan Macmillan ◽  
Victoria Penpraze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Adults with intellectual disabilities experience high rates of obesity. Despite this higher risk, there is little evidence on the effectiveness of weight-loss interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity. The present study examined the effectiveness of the TAKE 5 multi-component weight-loss intervention. Adults with obesity were invited using specialist intellectual disability services to participate in the study. Obesity was defined as a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or greater. TAKE 5 included a daily energy-deficit diet of 2510 kJ (600 kcal), achieved via a personalised dietary prescription. Participants' body weight, BMI, waist circumference and levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour were measured before and after the intervention. A total of fifty-four individuals consented to participate, of which forty-seven (87 %) completed the intervention in the study period. There was a significant decrease in body weight (mean difference − 4·47 (95 % CI − 5·91, − 3·03) kg; P < 0·0001), BMI ( − 1·82 (95 % CI − 2·36, − 1·29) kg/m2; P < 0·0001), waist circumference ( − 6·29 (95 % CI − 7·85, − 4·73) cm; P < 0·0001) and daily sedentary behaviour of participants ( − 41·40 (95 % CI − 62·45, − 20·35) min; P = 0·00 034). Of the participants who completed the intervention, seventeen (36·2 %) lost 5 % or more of their initial body weight. Findings from the study suggest that TAKE 5 is an effective weight-loss intervention for adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity. The effectiveness of TAKE 5 should be examined further in a controlled study.

Effect of Two Different Weight-Loss Rates on Body Composition and Strength and Power-Related Performance in Elite Athletes

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Garthe ◽  
Truls Raastad ◽  
Per Egil Refsnes ◽  
Anu Koivisto ◽  
Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Better Than

When weight loss (WL) is necessary, athletes are advised to accomplish it gradually, at a rate of 0.5–1 kg/wk. However, it is possible that losing 0.5 kg/wk is better than 1 kg/wk in terms of preserving lean body mass (LBM) and performance. The aim of this study was to compare changes in body composition, strength, and power during a weekly body-weight (BW) loss of 0.7% slow reduction (SR) vs. 1.4% fast reduction (FR). We hypothesized that the faster WL regimen would result in more detrimental effects on both LBM and strength-related performance. Twenty-four athletes were randomized to SR (n = 13, 24 ± 3 yr, 71.9 ± 12.7 kg) or FR (n = 11, 22 ± 5 yr, 74.8 ± 11.7 kg). They followed energy-restricted diets promoting the predetermined weekly WL. All athletes included 4 resistance-training sessions/wk in their usual training regimen. The mean times spent in intervention for SR and FR were 8.5 ± 2.2 and 5.3 ± 0.9 wk, respectively (p < .001). BW, body composition (DEXA), 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) tests, 40-m sprint, and countermovement jump were measured before and after intervention. Energy intake was reduced by 19% ± 2% and 30% ± 4% in SR and FR, respectively (p = .003). BW and fat mass decreased in both SR and FR by 5.6% ± 0.8% and 5.5% ± 0.7% (0.7% ± 0.8% vs. 1.0% ± 0.4%/wk) and 31% ± 3% and 21 ± 4%, respectively. LBM increased in SR by 2.1% ± 0.4% (p < .001), whereas it was unchanged in FR (–0.2% ± 0.7%), with significant differences between groups (p < .01). In conclusion, data from this study suggest that athletes who want to gain LBM and increase 1RM strength during a WL period combined with strength training should aim for a weekly BW loss of 0.7%.

scholarly journals Association Between Monetary Deposits and Weight Loss in Online Commitment Contracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenard I. Lesser ◽  
Caroline A. Thompson ◽  
Harold S. Luft
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Percentage Weight Loss ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Verification Method ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Weight Loss Goal ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
A Company ◽  
Linear Regressions

Purpose: To examine the characteristics of voluntary online commitment contracts that may be associated with greater weight loss. Design: Retrospective analysis of weight loss commitment contracts derived from a company that provides web-based support for personal commitment contracts. Using regression, we analyzed whether percentage weight loss differed between participants who incentivized their contract using monetary deposits and those who did not. Setting: Online. Participants: Users (N = 3857) who voluntarily signed up online in 2013 for a weight loss contract. Intervention: Participants specified their own weight loss goal, time period, and self-reported weekly weight. Deposits were available in the following 3 categories: charity, anticharity (a nonprofit one does not like), or donations made to a friend. Measures: Percentage weight loss per week. Analysis: Multivariable linear regressions. Results: Controlling for several participant and contract characteristics, contracts with anticharity, charity, and friend deposits had greater reported weight loss than nonincentivized contracts. Weight change per week relative to those without deposits was −0.33%, −0.28%, and −0.25% for anti-charity, charity, and friend, respectively ( P < 0.001). Contracts without a weight verification method claimed more weight loss than those with verification. Conclusion: Voluntary use of commitment contracts may be an effective tool to assist weight loss. Those who choose to use monetary incentives report more weight loss. It is not clear whether this is due to the incentives or higher motivation.

Fluid replacement and glucose infusion during exercise prevent cardiovascular drift

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 871-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Hamilton ◽  
J. Gonzalez-Alonso ◽  
S. J. Montain ◽  
E. F. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Cardiovascular Drift

This study examined the influence of both hydration and blood glucose concentration on cardiovascular drift during exercise. We first determined if the prevention of dehydration during exercise by full fluid replacement prevents the decline in stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) during prolonged exercise. On two occasions, 10 endurance-trained subjects cycled an ergometer in a 22 degrees C room for 2 h, beginning at 70 +/- 1% maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) and in a euhydrated state. During one trial, no fluid (NF) replacement was provided and the subject's body weight declined 2.09 +/- 0.19 kg or 2.9%. During the fluid replacement trial (FR), water was ingested at a rate that prevented body weight from declining after 2 h of exercise (i.e., 2.34 +/- 0.17 1/2 h). SV declined 15% and CO declined 7% during the 20- to 120-min period of the NF trial while heart rate (HR) increased 10% and O2 uptake (VO2) increased 6% (all P less than 0.05). In contrast, SV was maintained during the 20- to 120-min period of FR while HR increased 5% and thus CO actually increased 7% (all P less than 0.05). Rectal temperature, SV, and HR were similar during the 1st h of exercise during NF and FR. However, after 2 h of exercise, rectal temperature was 0.6 degree C higher (P less than 0.05) and SV and CO were 11–16% lower (P less than 0.05) during NF compared with FR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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