ESTIMATES OF VARIANCE COMPONENTS FOR HOLSTEIN-TYPE TRAITS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. SCHAEFFER
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
New Method ◽  
Multiple Trait ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Friesian Cows

Sire and error variances and covariances for 27 conformation traits were estimated from 424 875 Holstein-Friesian cows classified since June 1976. Estimates were obtained by Henderson's new method (Diagonal-MIVQUE) with a model that included 46 age by parity groups, 10 stage of lactation groups, herd-round-classifier effects, and nine covariates of dam's type and sire effects. Heritabilities were generally low from 0.10 for feet and legs to 0.29 for capacity, and from 0.05 for rear heel to 0.42 stature. Final class had a heritability of 0.17 and was highly correlated with traits related to mammary system (0.62–0.94). A multiple trait analysis of type could utilize the estimates from this study. Key words: Genetic parameters, type traits, Henderson's new method

HERITABILITIES OF TEAT CONFORMATION TRAITS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH SOMATIC CELL COUNTS IN HOLSTEINS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN HIGGINS ◽  
R. K. MOORE ◽  
B. W. KENNEDY
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Friesian Cows

Teat conformation characteristics were measured on 402 Holstein-Friesian cows in 18 dairy herds in western Quebec and eastern Ontario. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of heridity on teat conformation traits as well as to examine phenotypic relationships between the traits and somatic cell count as a measure of udder health. Maximum likelihood estimates of heritabilities of teat conformation traits and cell count, transformed to a log scale, were low; usually less than 0.10. Exceptions were length of front teat (h2 = 0.44) and distance of udder to the floor (h2 = 0.41). Significantly higher cell counts were associated with teats that were long, wide, not plumb and bottle (as opposed to cylindrical or funnel) shaped. The most highly correlated trait with cell count was distance of udder to the floor (r = − 0.24). However, many of the significant gross relationships observed were jointly related with age of cow, and when the effects of age of cow at calving, stage of lactation and herd were removed, only length of rear teat and front and rear teat medial diameters had significant influences on cell count.

scholarly journals Genetic Parameters of Conformation Traits in Young Polish Holstein-Friesian Bulls

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-840
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Otwinowska-Mindur ◽  
Ewa Ptak ◽  
Wojciech Jagusiak ◽  
Andrzej Żarnecki
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Multiple Trait ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Final Score

Abstract The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of conformation traits in Polish Holstein-Friesian bulls evaluated for registration in the herd book and for entry into progeny testing. Data were 8 linearly scored (1-9 scale) and 6 composite (scored from 50 to 100) conformation traits of 2,738 young bulls born between 2001 and 2011. The multiple-trait REML method was applied for (co)variance component estimation. The linear model included fixed linear regressions on age at evaluation (from 10 to 23 months), fixed effects of year of birth, fixed effects of herd-classifier, and random animal effect. Heritability estimates for all analysed traits were within the range of 0.04-0.37. Among the 6 composite type traits, heritability was highest for size and for overall conformation score. The lowest heritability was for feet and legs. Among the linearly scored traits, heritability was the lowest for rear legs - side view and foot angle, and the highest for rump angle and muscularity of front end. Composite traits showed the highest genetic correlations with muscularity and final score playing the dominant role. Genetic correlations among linear traits were low and moderate (0.02-0.53). The relatively low genetic and phenotypic correlations indicated that no conformation trait of bulls can be improved by indirect selection alone. More research is needed to establish relationship between bull conformation traits and the conformation of their progeny.

scholarly journals Heritabilities and genetic correlations of lactational and daily somatic cell score with conformation traits in Polish Holstein cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ptak ◽  
W. Jagusiak ◽  
A. Żarnecki ◽  
A. Otwinowska-Mindur
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Somatic Cell Score ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Friesian Cows

The objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations of lactational and daily somatic cell scores with descriptive and linear type traits in Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. Data were: test-day somatic cell scores and conformation evaluations of 24 599 primiparous cows, daughters of 802 sires. Cows calved from 2006 to 2007. The lactational somatic cell score was calculated as the average of four test-day somatic cell scores at least. The daily somatic cell score was the test-day somatic cell score closest to the date of type evaluation. A multi-trait animal model was used to estimate genetic parameters. (Co)variance components were estimated by a Bayesian algorithm via Gibbs sampling. The heritability of lactational somatic cell score was 0.20 and it was much higher than that of daily somatic cell score (0.13). Heritabilities of type traits were high to moderate for height at rump (0.46), size (0.39), overall conformation score (0.30), two linear rump traits (0.28–0.29) and three linear teat traits (0.26–0.29). The genetic correlation between lactational and daily somatic cell scores was 0.84. In many cases, daily somatic cell score showed higher genetic correlations with type traits than lactational somatic cell score. Descriptive udder and feet and legs scores were genetically correlated negatively with both lactational (–0.22 and –0.20) and daily somatic cell scores (–0.28 and –0.33). Somatic cell traits were genetically correlated positively with rump angle (0.21 and 0.19) and negatively with fore udder height (–0.26 and –0.29), udder depth (–0.23 and –0.17) and central ligament (–0.14 and –0.16). Due to higher heritability, direct selection for lower lactational somatic cell score would be more effective than selection for lower daily somatic cell score. The magnitude of obtained heritabilities and the favourable genetic correlations indicate that the selection utilizing some type traits could improve the resistance to mastitis.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for egg production and egg weight of laying hens housed in single and group cages

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nurgiartiningsih ◽  
N. Mielenz ◽  
R. Preisinger ◽  
M. Schmutz ◽  
L. Schüler
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Multiple Trait ◽  
Group Cage ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Single Cage ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract. The present study was conducted to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation of monthly egg production and egg weight of 2 lines White Leghorn hens in single and group cages. A total of 2289 records (line A) and 2596 records (line D) from single cages, 518 and 541 records (for line A and D, respectively) from group cages, were analysed. (Co) variance components of single cage data were analysed using the programme VCE4 applying the REML method and a multiple trait animal model. An EM-algorithm was used to obtain (co) variance components for group cage data. Genetic correlations between single and group cages were analysed using the programme VCE4 based on sire model. Heritability estimates for monthly egg production in single cages ranged from 0.08 to 0.44 (line A); 0.04 to 0.43 (line D) and those for group cages were 0.02 to 0.42 (line A); 0.02 to 0.19 (line D). Egg weight was highly heritable for single and group cages (heritability = 0.25 to 0.54). The genetic correlations between monthly and cumulative egg production were 0.25 to 0.95 (line A); 0.26 to 0.86 (line D) for single cage and 0.24 to 0.84 (line A); 0.26 to 0.96 (line D) for group cage. Cumulative egg production in single cage were highly correlated with those of group cages (0.89 and 0.63, respectively for line A and line D). Single cage records gave higher estimates of genetic parameter than group records. However, the trend of estimates is almost the same. High genetic correlations were found between single- and group cages in most of the production periods.

scholarly journals Heritability of egg production in laying hens under cumulative, multitrait and repeated measurement animal models

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wolc ◽  
M. Lisowski ◽  
T. Szwaczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Repeated Measurement ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Highly Correlated

Six generations of three layer lines (13 770 recorded individuals of A22 line, 13 950 of A88, 9 351 of K66) were used to estimate genetic effects on egg production under cumulative, multitrait and repeatability models. Variance components were estimated by the AI-REML algorithm. The heritability of cumulative records ranged from 0.08 to 0.1. For the repeated measurements model the following genetic parameters were obtained: heritability 0.02–0.03, repeatability 0.04–0.38. The first two months of egg production were found to differ from the other periods: heritability was relatively high (<i>h</i><sup>2</sup> > 0.35) and low or negative correlations with the other periods were found. Heritability was low (<i>h</i><sup>2</sup> < 0.1) from the peak production until the end of recording and the consecutive periods were highly correlated. Further studies on monthly records are suggested.

The relationship between fertility, rump and other type traits in Holstein Friesian cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 53-53
Author(s):  
E. Wall ◽  
I. M. S. White ◽  
M. P. Coffey ◽  
S. Brotherstone
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Cattle Breeders ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Friesian Cows

Cattle breeders, farmers and vets believe that the decline in fertility seen in recent years can be partially attributed to changes in rump angle with selection being for more angular cows. This suggests that animals with pin bones that sit above the hip bones (high rump angle) will have poorer fertility. Few studies have shown a significant relationship between fertility and rump traits. This study investigates the popular belief that high rump angle equates to poor fertility by examining the genetic and phenotypic correlation between rump angle and fertility traits. The relationship between rump angle and fertility was also examined to see if there was an intermediate optimum or threshold of rump angle for good/bad fertility. The correlation of other type traits (udder and composite traits) with fertility was also examined to see if they had potential to add information to the estimation of fertility breeding values.

Estimates of heritabilities of Canadian Holstein conformation traits by threshold model

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jamrozik ◽  
L. R. Schaeffer ◽  
E. B. Burnside ◽  
B. P. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Em Algorithm ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Continuous Scale ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Holstein Population

Sire variances for 30 conformation traits on Canadian Holsteins were estimated on the underlying continuous scale using a single trait threshold linear model. Data were linearized first classifications on 66 617 cows by 3305 sires, classified since February 1988. The model included a random sire effect and fixed effects of herd-round of classification-classifier, age at classification and stage of lactation at classification. Sires were assumed unrelated in this study. Variance components for sires were estimated by REML EM algorithm. Estimates of heritabilities were generally larger than those currently used in genetic evaluation for type traits in Canadian Holstein population. The new heritabilities are recommended for use in a traditional linear animal model procedure. Key words: Variance components, threshold model, type traits

scholarly journals The role of type traits of dairy cattles in long productive life

2006 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Attila Berta ◽  
Béla Béri
Keyword(s):  
Life Time ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Reproduction Biology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Friesian Cows

In the last few decades, a new intensive milking stock has developed as a result of breed-converter crossing in Hungary. Additionally, the reproduction biology of the population was adversely affected by keeping and feeding technologies. Productive lifetime has shortened and the service period has lengthened. However, profitable milk production requires cows with longer productive lives and larger life-time productions. In our study, we made a comparison between production, culling causes, and type traits of culled Holstein Friesian cows after first calving and of cows with a minimum of eight lactations. We established that the first lactation production of cows with longer productive lives was more or less homogeneous. Disease of metabolism as well as digestive and respiratory problems, were the main causes of the culling of cows with short productive lives, and reproduction and udder problems as well as low production, were the main causes of the culling of cows with long productive lives. We found a significant difference in the distributions of strength, body depth, dairy form, croup width, rear leg side view, foot angle, fore udder attachment and teat placement between the two groups. Furthermore, we established that cows with lower stature, less strength, a somewhat deeper body, better dairy form, narrower croup width, smaller foot angle, looser fore udder attachment and some outside teat placement had longer productive lives.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters of incidence of dytsocia and number of stillbirths in population of Holstein-Friesian cows in Vojvodina

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1051-1058
Author(s):  
S. Trivunovic ◽  
D. Ivanovic ◽  
D. Kucevic ◽  
V. Pantelic ◽  
J. Korora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Still Births ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Breeding Goals ◽  
Friesian Cattle ◽  
Friesian Cows

For today?s trends in contemporary production of milk and meat, selection only for production traits is completely unacceptable, since it can contribute to numerous metabolic disorders and shortening of the production life of the animal. Contemporary breeding goals and programs are directed towards, first of all, reaching and maintaining of the optimal balance between production and functional traits without compromising the health and ethological characteristics of animals. Regardless of the breeding objective, i.e. defined program, fertility traits and fitness properties, that is the properties relating to resistance to diseases, must be included. In many countries, problems with calving difficulties and increase of mortality rate of calves in Black and White breeds occurred with the increase of share of Holstein genes in the population of Friesian cattle. Objective of this study is to present the data on number of difficult parities (calving) and number of still born claves (still births) in population of Holstein-Friesian cows in Vojvodina, and to calculate and present genetic parameters for mentioned traits. In this study, data was used on the incidence of difficult calving and number of still born claves (still births) obtained from the calving register for all producers included in the animal control program, carried out by the Faculty of Agriculture from Novi Sad, Animal Science Department, as Main breeding organization for Holstein-Friesian cattle population in Vojvodina. Data refer to years 2008 and 2009, with total of 35000 calvings. Based on calculated parameters, factors were defined which influence the expression of mentioned traits, with major impact on the economical efficiency of the milk production. It is expected that, in spite of low heritability level of 0.149 for dystocia and 0.160 for number of stillbirths, by applying the accurate methods of their genetic assessment, studied traits can be included in the breeding goals of Holstein-Friesian cattle breed in Vojvodina.

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