DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNIQUE FOR GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY OF DOMESTIC RUMINANTS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. McBRIDE ◽  
R. BERZINS ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN ◽  
B. V. TURNER
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Proximal Duodenum ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
A Site ◽  
Key Words Gastrointestinal ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

A technique of gastrointestinal endoscopy for cattle and sheep is described. To allow passing of an endoscope to specific areas of the gastrointestinal tract, cannulae were placed in the descending duodenum of sheep and the rumen and proximal duodenum of a steer. The endoscopy procedure was performed while the animals were standing, conscious and in a fed state. The endoscope was passed through the cannula and was visually guided to a specific area of the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopic photographs depicting normal and abnormal morphological features of the reticulo-rumen, omasum and proximal duodenum of sheep and cattle were achieved. Also, a site-specific intestinal epithelium biopsy technique was developed. Key words: Gastrointestinal endoscopy, cannulation, ruminants

Adaptation in the Auditory Space Map of the Barn Owl

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 813-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoram Gutfreund ◽  
Eric I. Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Auditory Space ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Stimulus Offset ◽  
A Site

Auditory neurons in the owl’s external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICX) integrate information across frequency channels to create a map of auditory space. This study describes a powerful, sound-driven adaptation of unit responsiveness in the ICX and explores the implications of this adaptation for sensory processing. Adaptation in the ICX was analyzed by presenting lightly anesthetized owls with sequential pairs of dichotic noise bursts. Adaptation occurred in response even to weak, threshold-level sounds and remained strong for more than 100 ms after stimulus offset. Stimulation by one range of sound frequencies caused adaptation that generalized across the entire broad range of frequencies to which these units responded. Identical stimuli were used to test adaptation in the lateral shell of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICCls), which provides input directly to the ICX. Compared with ICX adaptation, adaptation in the ICCls was substantially weaker, shorter lasting, and far more frequency specific, suggesting that part of the adaptation observed in the ICX was attributable to processes resident to the ICX. The sharp tuning of ICX neurons to space, along with their broad tuning to frequency, allows ICX adaptation to preserve a representation of stimulus location, regardless of the frequency content of the sound. The ICX is known to be a site of visually guided auditory map plasticity. ICX adaptation could play a role in this cross-modal plasticity by providing a short-term memory of the representation of auditory localization cues that could be compared with later-arriving, visual–spatial information from bimodal stimuli.

Focused Ion Beam Milling and Micromanipulation Lift-Out for Site Specific Cross-Section Tem Specimen Preparation

1997 ◽  
Vol 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Giannuzzi ◽  
J. L. Drown ◽  
S. R. Brown ◽  
R. B. Irwin ◽  
F. A. Stevie
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
A Site

AbstractA site specific technique for cross-section transmission electron microscopy specimen preparation of difficult materials is presented. Focused ion beams are used to slice an electron transparent sliver of the specimen from a specific area of interest. Micromanipulation lift-out procedures are then used to transport the electron transparent specimen to a carbon coated copper grid for subsequent TEM analysis. The experimental procedures are described in detail and an example of the lift-out technique is presented.

scholarly journals Tissue Staining (Chromoscopy) of the Gastrointestinal Tract

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Brian Fennerty
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Vital Staining ◽  
Mucosal Surface ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Gastrointestinal Epithelium

Tissue staining, or chomoscopy, is used as an adjunctive technique during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Chemical agents are applied to the gastrointestinal mucosal surface to identify specific epithelia or to enhance the mucosal surface characteristics of the gastrointestinal epithelium. This aids in the recognition of subtle lesions (ie, polyps) or allows directed targeting of biopsies (ie, sprue or Barrett’s esophagus) to increase the yield of endoscopic diagnostic accuracy. The four endoscopic tissue-staining techniques in use are vital staining, contrast staining (chromoscopy), reactive staining and tattooing. Some of the agents used for endoscopic tissue staining and the uses of chromoscopy in identifying pathology of the esophagus, stomach, small bowel and colon during endoscopy are discussed.

scholarly journals Phosphorus, nitrogen and sediment losses from irrigated cropland and pasture grazed by cattle and sheep

2008 ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Mcdowell ◽  
D.J. Houlbrooke
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Structural Degradation ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Crop Land ◽  
A Site ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Grazing forage crops during winter can lead to soil physical damage and contaminant losses especially on Pallic soils prone to compaction and structural degradation. A site in North Otago (Timaru silt loam) with 2 years sheep and cattle grazing on winter forage crops and pasture was used to measure phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) losses in sub-surface (leachate from shallow lysimeters) flow and P losses in overland flow. Keywords: phosphorus, nitrogen, sediment, irrigation, overland flow, treading, grazing, pasture, crop land

scholarly journals Profil endoskopi gastrointestinal di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari 2016 – Agustus 2016

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni A. Kaminang ◽  
Bradley J. Waleleng ◽  
Efata B. Polii
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ascending Colon ◽  
Keywords Endoscopy ◽  
Descending Colon ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Abstract: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (GIE) is a technique in gastroenterology – hepatology to directly see condition of the gastrointestinal tract by using a tool called endoscope. For endoscopy in the upper gastrointestinal tract is called esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Besides Esophagogastroduodenoscopy there is also colonoscopy, is used to evaluate the condition of lower gastrointestinal tract, in the area of rectum, sigmoid colon, descending colon, transverse colon, ascending colon, cecum, and also ileum.This research is aimed to understanding profile of gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients in RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado period January 2016 – August 2016. This was a descriptive retrospective study using taking secondary data of patients from Medical Record Department of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. The results showed that there 59 patients with endoscopy examination performed on them. The majority of patients were 30 males (51%), age group 50-59 years old (30%), with dyspepsia (epigastric pain) as indication (57%), EGD (80%), and chronic gastritis plus Helicobacter pylori infection as diagnosis after biopsy (38%).Keywords: endoscopy, indication, diagnosis Abstrak: Endoskopi gastrointestinal (EGI) merupakan salah satu teknik dalam ilmu gastroenterology-hepatologi untuk melihat secara langsung keadaan di dalam saluran cerna dengan menggunakan alat yang bernama endoskop. Pemeriksaan endoskopi pada saluran cerna bagian atas disebut esofagogastrodudenoskopi (EGD) sedangkan kolonoskopi digunakan untuk mengevaluasi serta memeriksa lumen pada saluran cerna bagian bawah, yaitu pada daerah rektum, kolon sigmoid, kolon desenden, kolon transversum, kolon asenden, sekum, serta ileum. Penelitian ini bertujuan unutk mengetahui profil EGI pada pasien di RSUP Prof. DR. R. D. Kandou periode Januari 2016-Agustus 2016. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan data sekunder pasien di Instalasi Rekam Medik RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kando Manado. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh pasien yang melakukan pemeriksaan endoskopi sebanyak 59 orang. Mayoritas pasien ialah pasien jenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 30 orang (51%), kelompok usia 50-59 tahun (30%), dengan indikasi dispepsia (nyeri epigastrium) (57%), tindakan endoskopi jenis EGD (80%), dan diagnosis dibiopsi gastritis kronik dengan infeksi Helicobacter pylori (38%). Kata kunci: endoskopi, indikasi, diagnosis

The influence of grazing by cattle and sheep on the population dynamics of Bladder Saltbush (Atriplex Vesicaria) and white top (Danthonia caespitosa).

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Graetz
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Rainfall Pattern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
A Site ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Plant population data for the pass white-top (Danthonia caespitosa) and for bladder saltbush (Atriplex vesicaria) were collected for four years from a pasture continuously grazed by either cattle or sheep (at equivalent stocking rates) at a site near Booligal, New South Wales. During the four years of the experiment the cattle and sheep had different Impacts on the grass and scrub components of the pasture Sheep tended to deplete the numbers of pass plants far more than did cattle, whereas saltbush shrub numbers here little affected by either type of stock. The rainfall pattern experienced throughout the experiment had a far greater influence on the survival of both grass and shrub than did grazing.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Management of Iatrogenic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Perforations Based on the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Position Statement

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-327
Author(s):  
Young Jung Kim ◽  
Chang Hwan Park
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
European Society ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Endoscopic Closure ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related iatrogenic perforations are identified when gas or luminal contents exit the gastrointestinal tract during ERCP. Although perforations are rare, mortality is high; prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are essential. A multidisciplinary approach is required. The vast majority of such patients can be safely managed medically and endoscopically but must be carefully selected. Endoscopic closure can be considered, depending on the type of perforation. In patients who are deteriorating or whose iatrogenic perforations are not securely closed endoscopically, surgery is mandatory.

scholarly journals Canadian Association of Gastroenterology Practice Guideline for Granting of Privileges to Perform Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Miller MacSween
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Practice Guideline ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy ◽  
Therapeutic Endoscopy ◽  
Endoscopic Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Canadian Association

The purpose of this statement is to provide guidelines to assist hospital credentialling committees in their task of granting privileges to perform gastrointestinal endoscopy. Endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract has evolved over the past 30 years as a potent tool to assist in the evaluation, diagnosis and therapy of patients with gastrointestinal tract disorders. Although gastrointestinal endoscopy was initially developed as a purely diagnostic tool, the development of therapeutic endoscopic techniques has dramatically expanded the role of gastrointestinal endoscopy, frequently to a therapeutic one. In setting guidelines for training and credentialling one must recognize that, excluding flexible sigmoidoscopy, endoscopists should be well trained in therapeutic endoscopy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pathological conditions causing skin damage and consequently reducing its market value in domestic ruminants of Punjab, Pakistan

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafar I. Chaudhry ◽  
Aga Saiddain ◽  
Naveed Sabir ◽  
Naeem A. Malik ◽  
Sahan Azeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Thin Skin ◽  
Ringworm Infection ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Data regarding the prevalence of skin diseases reducing the market value of skins and hides and ultimately refined leather were not available in Pakistan. The current study was conducted in the hide/skin markets and abattoirs of Lahore and Faisalabad and tanneries of Sheikhupura, Kasur and Sialkot. The record of various skin diseases and conditions damaging the skin/hide of cattle, goat and sheep was made. Lesions, extent and type of damage were recorded. A total of 21,671 skins / hides were examined out of which 3918 of skins and 600 hides were examined at the abattoirs of Lahore and Faisalabad, 6784 Skins and 1399 hides at hide markets and 8091 skins and 879 hides at tanneries. Out of total 21,671 skins / hides, 66.12% were normal and 33.88% were having some sort of damage. The data were gathered on questionnaire sheets. The prevalence of skin diseases was assessed through Strata V.9 software program. The correlation of the disease and area was analyzed by the chi-square. The prevalence of various diseases and damages due to mal-management in sheep, goats and cattle has been discussed in detail. The damages in goat skins were significantly less as compared with cattle and sheep. However, the type of defects and severity varied amongst various ruminants studied. The most common damages observed, overall in all species studied were atrophy of skin (Thin skin) 6.38%, followed in descending order observed was lesions of wounds 4.94%, old lesions of pox 4.82%, flaying cuts 3.17%, tick infestation 3.08%, lesions caused by mites infestation 2.45%, scratches 2.33%, lesions caused by warble fly larvae 1.47%, decomposition 1.32%, charr (fibrosis) 1.28%, ringworm infection 1.10%, extensive soiling by dung 0.84%, chronic abscesses 0.46%, and Lice infestation 0.17%.

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