EFFECT OF HULL AND PROTEIN CONTENTS OF BARLEY ON PROTEIN AND ENERGY DIGESTIBILITY AND FEEDING VALUE FOR PIGS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
A. SHIRES ◽  
M. O. KEITH
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Energy Prediction ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Barley Protein

Sixteen simulated barleys, containing combinations of 7.27, 11.27, 15.17 and 19.27 crude protein (CP) (air-dry basis) and 0, 10, 20 and 30% hulls, were made from barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Bonanza') that was finely ground and air-classified into hulls, starch, protein and fines fractions. These barleys were supplemented with vitamins and minerals and fed in four replicates to 16 pigs, of 20 kg initial weight, in a digestibility trial. Energy digestibility was highly correlated with percent hulls and percent crude fiber (r = − 0.9 for both factors; P < 0.01). Digestible energy prediction values were developed whereby barley with 0% hulls was 84% digestible and had 15.73 kJ DE/g dry matter; barley with 30% hulls was 64% digestible and contained 12.01 kJ DE/g. The gross energy of hulls was 17.5% digestible and contained 2.94 kJ/g. Apparent digestibility of protein decreased (P < 0.05) from 75.0 to 72.0% as hulls increased from 0 to 30% and from 82.2 to 62.5% as dietary CP increased from 21.9 to 8.0% (dry matter basis). Metabolic fecal protein (N × 6.25) increased from 1.49 to 2.79 g/100 g dietary dry matter as hulls increased from 0 to 30%. Apparent digestibility of hull protein, when fed in 16% CP diets, was 44% and the corresponding value for nonhull barley protein was about 75%. A tentative monetary evaluation of barleys varying in CP and hull or crude fiber contents relative to prices of a reference barley and soybean meal was presented. Key words: Barley, hulls, protein, digestibility, feeding value, pigs

DIGESTIBILITY AND VOLUNTARY INTAKE OF FORAGES FED AS HAY OR WILTED SILAGE TO BEEF STEERS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELENE V. PETIT ◽  
J. R. SEOANE ◽  
PAUL M. FLIPOT
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Highly Correlated

Thirty-six steers (334 kg avg body wt.) were used to study the nutritive value of alfalfa (cv. Saranac), timothy (cv. Climax) and a mixture of red clover-timothy-Kentucky bluegrass. For 2 wk, the forages were fed ad libitum as either hay or silage. Dry matter (DM) intake was measured during the second week. Digestibility was determined during the fourth week by total collection with DM intake limited to 90% of that obtained previously. DM intake was highest for alfalfa and lowest for the grass mixture (P < 0.05) but was not affected by the method of storage. Total digestible nutrient values were similar for all forages. DM intake was highly correlated with lignocellulose content (r = −0.97, P < 0.01). Digestible protein intake was estimated by an equation previously obtained with sheep (r = 0.94, P < 0.01). Dry matter and energy digestibilities were similar for all treatments. Protein digestibility of alfalfa (67.4%) was higher than for timothy and the grass mixture while the opposite was observed for crude fiber. Comparing silages to hays, silage digestibility of crude fiber was five units higher and that of protein three units lower (P < 0.05). Digestibility of cell constituents was highest for alfalfa and lowest for timothy (70.5% vs 60.9%). Cell wall digestibility was highest for timothy (59.5%) followed by the grass mixture (57.5%) and alfalfa (47.4%). True digestibility of nitrogen was estimated to be 82.7% with a metabolic excretion of 5.74 g of N/kg of DM intake. Summative equations could not predict DM digestibility accurately. Key words: Nutritive value, steer, hay, silage, forage digestibility

scholarly journals Apparent Digestibility Coefficient of Proteic and Energetic Ingredients for Goldfish

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Daniel de Magalhães Araujo ◽  
Ademir Calvo Fernandes Júnior ◽  
Fernando Kojima Nakagome ◽  
André Moreira Bordinhon ◽  
Margarida Maria Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Broken Rice ◽  
Gross Energy

Kinguios são uma das mais importantes espécies de peixes ornamentais criadas mundialmente, entretanto, são insuficientes os estudos com digestibilidade de ingredientes para a espécie. O objetivo com este estudo foi determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparentes (CDAs) da matéria seca, proteína bruta e energia bruta de ingredientes energéticos (quirera de arroz, farinha de milho e farelo de trigo) e proteicos (farelo de soja, farinha de peixe, farinha de vísceras de aves) para kinguios (Carassius auratus). O óxido de cromo III foi usado como marcador inerte. Os CDAs da matéria seca e energia dos ingredients energéticos foram, em ordem decrescente: quirera de arroz (97,19 e 94,55%), farinha de milho (76,61 e 77,65%) e farelo de trigo (45.43 e 48.83%); enquanto nos ingredientes proteicos foram: farelo de soja (72,14 e 73,54%), farinha de vísceras de aves (61,77 e 69,50%) e farinha de peixe (47,48 e 60,65%). CDAs da proteína foram mais altos para o farelo de soja (96,11%) e de milho (90,77%), enquanto os menores valores foram observados para a farinha de peixe (75,53%) e farelo de trigo (73,06%). Em geral, os nutrientes da quirera de arroz e do farelo de soja foram aproveitados mais eficientemente pelos peixes. Ainda que todos os ingredientes estudados sejam passíveis de uso em dietas de kinguios, o farelo de trigo deve ser utilizado com precaução, em decorrência da baixa digestibilidade. Palavras-chave: Carassius auratus. Farinha de Peixe. Farinha de Vísceras de Aves. Milho. Quirera de Arroz.   Abstract Kinguios are one of the most important ornamental fish, however the studies about ingredients digestibility for this species are insufficient. The objective of this study was to determine apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, gross energy and crude protein of energetic (broken rice, corn meal, and wheat bran) and proteic (soybean meal, fishmeal and poultry by-product meal) feedstuffs for goldfish (Carassius auratus). Chromium oxide III was used as an external marker. The digestibility values of dry matter and energy, in decreasing order, were higher for broken rice (97.19 and 94.55%), corn meal (76.61 and 77.65%) and wheat bran (45.43 and 48.83%) in energetic ingredients; and soybean meal (72.14 and 73.54%), poultry by-product meal (61.77 and 69.50%) and fish meal (47.48 and 60.65%) in proteic ingredients. Protein digestibility values were higher for soybean meal (96.11%) and corn meal (90.77%) and the lowest values were observed for fishmeal (75.53%) and wheat bran (73.06%). In general, broken rice and soybean meal nutrients were more efficiently used by fish. Although all the studied ingredients are suitable for use in diets for goldfish, wheat bran should be used with caution because of its low digestibility. Keywords: Carassius auratus. Corn, Broken Rice. Fishmeal. Poultry Meal.    

Nutritional evaluation of wheat 1. Effects of preparation on digestibility of dry matter, energy and nitrogen in pigs

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivan ◽  
L. R. Giles ◽  
A. R. Alimon ◽  
D. J. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Matter Energy ◽  
Plot Design

SUMMARY1. A split-plot design was used to study apparent digestibility of dry matter, gross energy and nitrogen of a whole grain wheat diet and processed (hammermilled, rolled or hammermilled and then steam-pelleted) wheat diets by eight small (33·9 ± 0·1 kg) and eight large (70±1·7 kg) pigs. Metabolizable energy and nitrogen retention were also studied with the small pigs.2. The processed wheat diets were superior to the whole grain wheat diet in all the parameters measured.3. There were no significant differences between the performance of pigs given the differently processed wheat diets.4. Apparent digestibility of dietary components particularly in the whole wheat diet was significantly higher when diets were given to small pigs than when given to large pigs.

Feeding value of three categories of pea (Pisum sativum, L.) for poultry

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Grosjean ◽  
B. Barrier-Guillot ◽  
D. Bastianelli ◽  
F. Rudeaux ◽  
A. Bourdillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe nutritional value of different categories of peas was measured in mash or pelleted diets using adult cockerels. Twenty-five round and white-flowered peas (feed peas), 12 round and coloured-flowered peas and five wrinkled and white-flowered peas were used in mash diets. From the same batches, 11 feed peas, five coloured peas and four wrinkled peas were tested in pelleted diets.Mean apparent metabolizable energy (AME) values were 12·02, 11·35 and 10·50 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) for feed peas, coloured peas and wrinkled peas respectively in mash diets and 13·18, 12·72 and 11·63 MJ/kg DM for the same categories in pelleted diets.Mean starch digestibility was 0·905, 0·887 and 0·802 for feed peas, coloured peas and wrinkled peas respectively in mash diets and 0·985, 0·984 and 0·840 for these categories in pelleted diets.Mean protein digestibility was 0·788, 0·643 and 0·798 for feed peas, coloured peas and wrinkled peas respectively in mash diets and corresponding values for peas in pelleted diets were 0·855, 0·743 and 0·853.Pelleting thus had a positive effect on the nutritional value of peas and this improvement was all the more important because the AME and protein digestibility of the pea in mash diets was low.The nutritional value of feed peas for cockerels was not strongly correlated with chemical composition or to digestibility data obtained in the pig.

scholarly journals Diet components as internal indicators in the determination of the apparent digestibility coefficients for Nile tilapia

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-400
Author(s):  
Rafael Lopes da Silva ◽  
Eric Portilho de Araújo ◽  
Mariucha Karina Honório Ribeiro Rocha ◽  
Flavia Mota Damasceno ◽  
Jakeline Marcela Azambuja de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dunnett's Test

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the diet components - crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin - as internal indicators in the determination of the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, gross energy, and of the nutrients - crude protein, phosphorus, and amino acids - in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Groups of ten juveniles (80.3±1 g) were randomly distributed in six tanks of 250 L and fed two practical diets, either of a plant-origin diet or of a plant- and animal-origin diet. Both diets were supplemented with 0.1% chromium (III) oxide (Cr2O3). Faeces were collected by the modified Guelph system. The apparent digestibility coefficients were determined by the content difference of the internal indicators, present in the diets and faeces, and compared by Dunnett’s test to those obtained by the use of Cr2O3. Cellulose was effective in the determination of the apparent digestibility of dry matter, energy, and nutrients of both experimental diets; and the acid detergent fiber was effective only for the diet composed exclusively of plant-origin ingredients. The use of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose, and lignin as digestibility indicators was inefficient for the analyzed nutrients of both diets. Therefore, cellulose is the most suitable indicator for digestibility evaluation in Nile tilapia.

DIGESTIBILITY OF RYE AND ITS VALUE IN PELLETED RATIONS FOR PIGS

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Friend ◽  
T. M. MacIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Daily Gain

Digestibility and N-retention were determined with eight barrows fed rye and barley in a crossover experiment. Dry matter and crude protein digestibility coefficients for rye were higher than those for barley, but differences in N-retention were negligible. The coefficients obtained by indirect measurement were higher than those determined directly. Seventy-two pigs were used in a factorial experiment to determine the effect on production of feeding two grades of rye at 0, 30 and 60% of pelleted and non-pelleted finisher rations. Weight gains by barrows compared with gilts were affected less by the addition of rye to the rations. The growth rate of gilts was reduced by the inclusion of 30% rye in non-pelleted but not in pelleted rations. The use of No. 2 grade rye appeared to have restricted rate of gain less than did No. 3 grade rye. The feeding value of rye was improved by pelleting, since the daily gain of 0.75 kg obtained by feeding a 30% rye, pelleted ration equalled that from pigs fed a 0% rye, non-pelleted ration.

scholarly journals Key bacterial families (Clostridiaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Bacteroidaceae) are related to the digestion of protein and energy in dogs

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma N. Bermingham ◽  
Paul Maclean ◽  
David G. Thomas ◽  
Nicholas J. Cave ◽  
Wayne Young
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Meat Diet ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Faecal Weight ◽  
Induced Changes

BackgroundMuch of the recent research in companion animal nutrition has focussed on understanding the role of diet on faecal microbiota composition. To date, diet-induced changes in faecal microbiota observed in humans and rodents have been extrapolated to pets in spite of their very different dietary and metabolic requirements. This lack of direct evidence means that the mechanisms by which microbiota influences health in dogs are poorly understood. We hypothesised that changes in faecal microbiota correlate with physiological parameters including apparent macronutrient digestibility.MethodsFifteen adult dogs were assigned to two diet groups, exclusively fed either a premium kibbled diet (kibble;K;n = 8) or a raw red meat diet (meat;M;n = 7) for nine weeks. Apparent digestibility of macronutrients (protein, fat, gross energy and dry matter), faecal weight, faecal health scores, faecal VFA concentrations and faecal microbial composition were determined. Datasets were integrated using mixOmics in R.ResultsFaecal weight and VFA levels were lower and the apparent digestibility of protein and energy were higher in dogs on the meat diet. Diet significantly affected 27 microbial families and 53 genera in the faeces. In particular, the abundances ofBacteriodes,Prevotella,PeptostreptococcusandFaecalibacteriumwere lower in dogs fed the meat diet, whereasFusobacterium,LactobacillusandClostridiumwere all more abundant.DiscussionOur results show clear associations of specific microbial taxa with diet composition. For example, Clostridiaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Bacteroidaceae were highly correlated to parameters such as protein and fat digestibility in the dog. By understanding the relationship between faecal microbiota and physiological parameters we will gain better insights into the effects of diet on the nutrition of our pets.

Single cereal diets for bacon pigs: 2. The effect of methods of storage and preparation of barley on performance and carcass quality

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
G. W. Dean ◽  
J. R. Luscombe
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Feeding Value

SUMMARYBarley which had been stored after treatment with 0·8 % propionic acid was incorporated into pig diets in either the milled or the rolled form and its feeding value compared with that of barley stored dry and then ground, and of moist barley stored anaerobically and then rolled. The pigs were fed from 50 to 200 lb live weight on the four diets. Their performance was not affected by the method of storage of the barley, but those given rolled barley required 11% more dry matter per unit of live-weight gain than those given milled barley. There were no significant differences between the treatments in carcass measurements, or in apparent digestibility coefficients as measured by the chromic-oxide method.

The development of the digestive system of the young; animal. VII. The total and partial apparent digestibility of a pelletted diet by lambs and adult sheep

1965 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Walker ◽  
M. K. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Young Animal ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Adult Sheep

1. Fifteen male Merino lambs suckling the ewe and four adult Merino wethers were fed the same pelletted diet. The lambs had free access to milk from the ewe and were creep-fed the pelletted diet. Feed intake by each lamb was measured daily.2. The digestibility of the dry matter of the pelletted diet was determined in a conventional total collection trial with the adult wethers. Dry-matter and crude-protein digestibility "was determined in the lambs on faeces taken at, or just before, slaughter by the lignin-ratio method.

Growth and metabolism studies in growing pigs given diets containing a low glucosinolate rapeseed meal

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Rowan ◽  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Growth Experiment ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Protein Rich

SUMMARYTwo growth and two metabolism experiments were made in which a low gluoosinate rapeseed meal (var. Tower; TRSM) was compared with soya-bean meal (SBM) as the sole protein-rich material in simple diets containing barley and a vitamin and mineral supplement only.In the first growth experiment 108 pigs were fed individually and restrictedly SBM and TRSM diets so that digestible energy (DE) and crude-protein intakes were similar. The DE used to promote a unit of growth or a unit of carcass weight was significantly less for the SBM, than for the TRSM, diet. In the second experiment 48 pigs were given, in groups of four, diets similar to those in Expt 1. There were no significant differences in growth rate or in serum thyroxine concentrations, but a significantly higher degree of thyroid hypertrophy was induced in pigs given the TRSM diet.The two metabolism experiments compared the same diets used in the first growth experiment. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy, and retention of nitrogen relative to intake, were significantly greater for the SBM diet than for the two RSM diets. The addition of synthetic lysine to the TRSM diet significantly improved the apparent digestibility and retention of nitrogen. Pooled DE values (MJ/kg dry matter) calculated for SBM, TRSM and barley were 13·72 (S.E. 0·318), 13·97 (S.E. 0·211) and 14·01 (S.E. 0·080) respectively.

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