THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES AND PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS IN "DOUBLE-MUSCLED" CATTLE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1089-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. BASARAB ◽  
R. T. BERG ◽  
J. R. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Lipid Fractions

The lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes was determined in 11 phenotypically extreme- and 11 normal-muscled cattle of a "double-muscled" (DM) breed group. The relative concentrations of lipid classes in erythrocyte membranes from extreme- and normal-muscled DM cattle were similar. Significant differences were observed in the relative concentrations of individual fatty acids in the erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions from extreme-compared with normal-muscled DM cattle. The most notable differences were a higher (P < 0.05) concentration of palmitic acid and a lower (P < 0.01) concentration of oleic acid in sphingomyelin from extreme-muscled DM cattle. In a second study, the total lipid composition of plasma, plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) and plasma low plus very low density lipoprotein (LDL-VLDL) fractions was determined in six extreme- and six normal-muscled DM cattle. Extreme-muscled DM cattle had a lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of triacylglycerols in all three total lipid fractions and higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of cholesterol in plasma and cholesterol esters in the LDL-VLDL total lipid fraction as compared with normal-muscled DM cattle. The concentration of lysophosphatidylcholine was higher (P < 0.05) in the LDL-VLDL total lipid fraction from extreme-muscled DM cattle, but no other differences in the relative amounts of the phospholipids were observed. Extreme-muscled DM cattle had higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the plasma and LDL-VLDL total lipid fractions, with a similar trend occurring in the HDL total lipid fraction. The results of the first study demonstrate a change in fatty acid composition of the membrane, while those of the second indicate an increased rate of VLDL metabolism and/or lower rates of adipose fatty acid turnover in extreme- compared with normal-muscled DM cattle. Key words: Lipid composition, lipoproteins, double muscled cattle

scholarly journals Fatty Acids Profiles of Stipe and Blade from the Norwegian Brown Macroalga Laminaria hyperborea, Using Off-Line SPE and GC-MS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Oksdøl Foseid ◽  
Hanne Devle ◽  
Yngve Stenstrøm ◽  
Carl Fredrik Naess-Andresen ◽  
Dag Ekeberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Laminaria Hyperborea ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lipid Fractions

A thorough analysis and comparison of the fatty acid profiles of stipe and blade from Laminaria hyperborea, a kelp species found in the northern Atlantic, is presented. Lipids were extracted and fractionated into neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipids, then derivatized to fatty acid methyl esters prior to GC-MS analysis. A total of 42 fatty acids were identified and quantified, including the n-3 fatty acids &alpha;-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. An n-6/n-3 ratio of 0.8:1 was found in blade and 3.5:1 in stipe, respectively. The ratios vary between the lipid fractions within stipe and blade, with the lowest ratio in the polar lipid fraction of blade. The fatty acid amounts are higher in blade than in stipe, and the highest amounts of n-3 fatty acids are found within the neutral lipid fractions. The amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids are 3.4 times higher in blade than stipe. This study highlights the compositional differences between the lipid fractions of stipe and blade from L. hyperborea. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, compared to saturated- and monounsaturated fatty acids, as well as the n-6/n-3-ratio, is known to influence human health. In the pharmaceutical, food, and feed industries this can be of importance for production and sale of different health products. Additionally, lipids are today among the unused by products of alginate production, exploiting this material for commercial interest should give both economical and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals Effect of atorvastatin and rosuvasta tin on the fatty acid spectrum of lymphocyte membranes in patients with unstable angina

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
T.V. Bogdan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unstable Angina ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Stabilization Of Membranes ◽  
Dynamic Structures

Numerous studies have demonstrated the superiority of rosuvastatin over other statins in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. It has been proven that rosuvastatin is more effectively lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with cardiovascular disease than other members of this drug group. Despite the known mechanisms of action of statins on blood lipids, their effective use in patients with cardiovascular disease, as well as side effects, the influence of these drugs on the fatty acid spectrum of lymphocyte (LC) membrane phospholipids in patients with ischemic heart disease remains unexplored. The results of the studies cited in the article indicate that, in patients with unstable angina who received the therapy that included rosuvastatin, unlike patients receiving the basic treatment with atorvastatin, the relative phosphate lipid contents of palmitic, stearic, and stearin arachidonic polyunsaturated fatty acids and the amount of unsaturated fatty acids are normalized, which testifies to the stabilization of membranes as dynamic structures.

scholarly journals Fasting hepatic de novo lipogenesis is not reliably assessed using circulating fatty acid markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Rosqvist ◽  
Catriona A McNeil ◽  
Camilla Pramfalk ◽  
Sion A Parry ◽  
Wee Suan Low ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Deuterated Water ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Habitual Diet ◽  
Fa Markers

ABSTRACT Background Observational studies often infer hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) by measuring circulating fatty acid (FA) markers; however, it remains to be elucidated whether these markers accurately reflect hepatic DNL. Objectives We investigated associations between fasting hepatic DNL and proposed FA markers of DNL in subjects consuming their habitual diet. Methods Fasting hepatic DNL was assessed using 2H2O (deuterated water) in 149 nondiabetic men and women and measuring the synthesis of very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) palmitate. FA markers of blood lipid fractions were determined by gas chromatography. Results Neither the lipogenic index (16:0/18:2n–6) nor the SCD index (16:1n–7/16:0) in VLDL-TG was associated with isotopically assessed DNL (r = 0.13, P = 0.1 and r = −0.08, P = 0.35, respectively). The relative abundances (mol%) of 14:0, 16:0, and 18:0 in VLDL-TG were weakly (r ≤ 0.35) associated with DNL, whereas the abundances of 16:1n–7, 18:1n–7, and 18:1n–9 were not associated. When the cohort was split by median DNL, only the abundances of 14:0 and 18:0 in VLDL-TG could discriminate between subjects having high (11.5%) and low (3.8%) fasting hepatic DNL. Based on a subgroup, FA markers in total plasma TG, plasma cholesteryl esters, plasma phospholipids, and red blood cell phospholipids were generally not associated with DNL. Conclusions The usefulness of circulating FAs as markers of hepatic DNL in healthy individuals consuming their habitual diet is limited due to their inability to discriminate clearly between individuals with low and high fasting hepatic DNL.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase-Deficient Mice Have Reduced Weight and Liver Triacylglycerol Content and Altered Glycerolipid Fatty Acid Composition

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 8204-8214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda E. Hammond ◽  
Patricia A. Gallagher ◽  
Shuli Wang ◽  
Sylvia Hiller ◽  
Kimberly D. Kluckman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Positional Analysis ◽  
Triacylglycerol Content ◽  
Hepatic Triacylglycerol

ABSTRACT Microsomal and mitochondrial isoforms of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT; E.C. 2.3.1.15) catalyze the committed step in glycerolipid synthesis. The mitochondrial isoform, mtGPAT, was believed to control the positioning of saturated fatty acids at the sn-1 position of phospholipids, and nutritional, hormonal, and overexpression studies suggested that mtGPAT activity is important for the synthesis of triacylglycerol. To determine whether these purported functions were true, we constructed mice deficient in mtGPAT. mtGPAT−/− mice weighed less than controls and had reduced gonadal fat pad weights and lower hepatic triacylglycerol content, plasma triacylglycerol, and very low density lipoprotein triacylglycerol secretion. As predicted, in mtGPAT−/− liver, the palmitate content was lower in triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Positional analysis revealed that mtGPAT−/− liver phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine had about 21% less palmitate in the sn-1 position and 36 and 40%, respectively, more arachidonate in the sn-2 position. These data confirm the important role of mtGPAT in the synthesis of triacylglycerol, in the fatty acid content of triacylglycerol and cholesterol esters, and in the positioning of specific fatty acids, particularly palmitate and arachidonate, in phospholipids. The increase in arachidonate may be functionally significant in terms of eicosanoid production.

Lipid metabolism in Achlya: changes in lipid composition during development

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1716-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon W. T. Law ◽  
David N. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Eicosatetraenoic Acid ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Low Levels

Fractionation of total lipid extracted from Achlya sp. at various stages of its developmental cycle revealed that in spores total lipid was composed of 62% neutral lipid, 13% phospholipid, and 25% glycolipid. After germination, the proportion of neutral lipid rose slightly after 2 h then fell sharply to 10% after 8 h, whereupon it rose to 55% of total lipid after 30 h of growth, when sporulation was completed. Conversely, phospholipid rose to 77% of total lipid after 8 h, then declined to 40% after 30 h. Glycolipid was maintained at 10–20% of total lipid throughout the life cycle after spore germination. Quantitative determination of neutral lipid components by photoreflectometry showed that triglycerides accounted for 20% of neutral lipid in spores, and free fatty acids made up 50%. During growth, the absolute levels of both components fell precipitously on germination, remained at low levels throughout vegetative growth, and rose at the time of sporulation.The fatty acid composition of total lipid, phospholipid, neutral lipid, and free fatty acid fractions extracted from vegetative and sporulating Achlya cells was determined. The principal fatty acids present in all fractions at both stages of the life cycle were hexadecanoic and octadecanoic acids. Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid, and an unidentified long-chain acid were completely absent from the phospholipids of vegetative cells, although they were found in significant quantities in lipid fractions from other stages of growth.

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition of two Muscles from Three Different Iberian × Duroc Genotypes After Refrigerated Storage

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Ramírez ◽  
R. Cava
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Lipid Fractions

The changes of the fatty acid (FA) profile of 2 muscles Longissimus dorsi and Biceps femoris from 3 Iberian × Duroc genotypes were studied: GEN1: ♂ Iberian × ♀ Duroc1, GEN2: ♂ Duroc1 × ♀ Iberian; GEN3: ♂ Duroc2 × ♀ Iberian. GEN1 and GEN2 are reciprocal crosses while the difference between GEN2 and GEN3 is the Duroc sire line. The genotype Duroc1 was selected for the production of dry-cured meat products while the genotype Duroc2 was selected for meat production. Longissimus dorsi and Biceps femoris BF from the reciprocal cross showed similar changes in FAs profile after refrigerated storage. However, the Duroc sire line affected the FA profiles of intramuscular fat (IMF) and lipid fractions since some differences were found between GEN2 and GEN3. Meat from GEN3 had the highest level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in IMF and lipid fractions as well as the lowest rate of plasmalogens in polar lipid fraction. After storage, meat from GEN3 showed an increase of long chain PUFA in free fatty acids fraction and the highest increase in the ratio DMA/FA [(dimethylacetals/FAs) × 100] after the refrigerated storage, which was indicative of a higher deterioration of this genotype. Therefore, the crossbreeding of Iberian pigs with Duroc selected genotypes (Duroc2) could affect the changes in the FAs profile of meat under refrigerated storage.

The effect of concentrated n-3 fatty acids versus gemfibrozil on plasma lipoproteins, low density lipoprotein heterogeneity and oxidizability in patients with hypertrygliceridemia

2000 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton F.H. Stalenhoef ◽  
Jacqueline de Graaf ◽  
Marianne E. Wittekoek ◽  
Sebastian J.H. Bredie ◽  
Pierre N.M. Demacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureusUtilizes Host-Derived Lipoprotein Particles as Sources of Fatty Acids

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip C. Delekta ◽  
John C. Shook ◽  
Todd A. Lydic ◽  
Martha H. Mulks ◽  
Neal D. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lipoprotein Particles ◽  
Bacterial Fatty Acid

ABSTRACTMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is a threat to global health. Consequently, much effort has focused on the development of new antimicrobials that target novel aspects ofS. aureusphysiology. Fatty acids are required to maintain cell viability, and bacteria synthesize fatty acids using the type II fatty acid synthesis (FASII) pathway. FASII is significantly different from human fatty acid synthesis, underscoring the therapeutic potential of inhibiting this pathway. However, many Gram-positive pathogens incorporate exogenous fatty acids, bypassing FASII inhibition and leaving the clinical potential of FASII inhibitors uncertain. Importantly, the source(s) of fatty acids available to pathogens within the host environment remains unclear. Fatty acids are transported throughout the body by lipoprotein particles in the form of triglycerides and esterified cholesterol. Thus, lipoproteins, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL), represent a potentially rich source of exogenous fatty acids forS. aureusduring infection. We sought to test the ability of LDLs to serve as a fatty acid source forS. aureusand show that cells cultured in the presence of human LDLs demonstrate increased tolerance to the FASII inhibitor triclosan. Using mass spectrometry, we observed that host-derived fatty acids present in the LDLs are incorporated into the staphylococcal membrane and that tolerance to triclosan is facilitated by the fatty acid kinase A, FakA, and Geh, a triacylglycerol lipase. Finally, we demonstrate that human LDLs support the growth ofS. aureusfatty acid auxotrophs. Together, these results suggest that human lipoprotein particles are a viable source of exogenous fatty acids forS. aureusduring infection.IMPORTANCEInhibition of bacterial fatty acid synthesis is a promising approach to combating infections caused byS. aureusand other human pathogens. However,S. aureusincorporates exogenous fatty acids into its phospholipid bilayer. Therefore, the clinical utility of targeting bacterial fatty acid synthesis is debated. Moreover, the fatty acid reservoir(s) exploited byS. aureusis not well understood. Human low-density lipoprotein particles represent a particularly abundantin vivosource of fatty acids and are present in tissues thatS. aureuscolonizes. Herein, we establish thatS. aureusis capable of utilizing the fatty acids present in low-density lipoproteins to bypass both chemical and genetic inhibition of fatty acid synthesis. These findings imply thatS. aureustargets LDLs as a source of fatty acids during pathogenesis.

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