THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VOLUNTARY INTAKE AND THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FORAGES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. SEOANE ◽  
M. CÔTÉ ◽  
S. A. VISSER
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bulk Volume ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Packed Volume ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male Sheep

Twenty male sheep (38.4 ± 0.2 kg body weight) were used to study physical and chemical properties of hays affecting voluntary intake. Of the eight forages studied, four were pure cultivars and four were mixed hays obtained from local farmers. Packed volume, water retention and dry matter (DM) solubility were determined in samples either chopped (as fed) or ground (20 mesh). Packed volume and DM solubility of the ground samples were highly correlated with voluntary intake values for each hay (r = −0.97 and r = 0.94 for packed volume and DM solubility, respectively, n = 8, P < 0.01). The intake of each sheep could also be predicted, although less accurately, from DM solubility values (r = 0.87, n = 40, P < 0.01). The soluble fraction contained mainly nitrogen, simple sugars and minerals. The significance of bulk volume and solubility of hays in the physiological mechanism controlling voluntary intake is discussed. Key words: Forage evaluation, forage intake, sheep

Phytotoxicity and Adsorption of Chlorsulfuron as Affected by Soil Properties

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondimagegnehu Mersie ◽  
Chester L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The phytotoxicity of chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} was compared in six soils, and the relationship of activity to soil physical and chemical properties was evaluated. The influence of soil pH (4.2 to 7.8) on phytotoxicity and adsorption of chlorsulfuron incorporated into high-organic-matter soil was also studied. For the phytotoxicity studies, corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3320’) was used as the bioassay plant. Organic matter was the soil variable most highly correlated with chlorsulfuron phytotoxicity. There was an inverse relationship between phytotoxicity and organic matter. No significant relationship between clay content and chlorsulfuron toxicity was observed. The adsorption of chlorsulfuron decreased with increasing soil pH while desorption was greater at alkaline pH. Phytotoxicity of chlorsulfuron increased with increasing soil pH and reached a maximum at pH 6.9.

scholarly journals Distribution of Available Silicon of Volcanic Ash Soils in Jeju Island

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Pyo Park ◽  
Kwan-Cheol Song ◽  
Bon-Jun Koo ◽  
Hae-Nam Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
A Value ◽  
Dissolved Silicon ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Si Content ◽  
Pedogenic Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In soils, dissolved silicon (Si) is adsorbed onto soil particles or is leached into groundwater through the soil profile. Andisols may play an important role in contributing to high dissolved Si concentrations in groundwater on Jeju Island, Korea. In this study, we evaluated the available Si content that potentially affects groundwater composition and investigated the relationship between the available Si content and chemical properties of volcanic ash soil on Jeju Island. We used the 1 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.0) to extract the available Si. Selected chemical properties were determined for 290 topsoil samples collected from different land sites throughout Jeju Island, and we analyzed the available Si content in the typifying pedons of Jeju Island and mainland Korea. The available Si content in Jeju Island topsoils ranged from 75 to 150 mg·kg−1, and the available Si content of Andisols in both orchards and grasslands was significantly higher than that of non-Andisols. The available Si content was highly correlated with the amounts of oxalate extractable Si, Al, and Fe in Andisols and was negatively related to the Alp/Alo ratio. With increasing elevation, we detected a decrease in the available Si and allophane content in Andisols, whereas Al-humus complexes increased with increasing elevation. The ratio of available Si in the lowest subsoil/topsoil increased to a value of 6.0, indicating that large amounts of available Si are present in the subsoil. The available Si content in the lowest subsoil of Andisols on Jeju Island was 10 times higher than that in the typifying pedons of the Korean mainland. In contrast, there were no differences in the available Si content between the topsoil and the subsoil of the typifying pedon series of Jeju and mainland non-Andisols because of differences in pedogenic processes. Collectively, our findings indicate that weathering of Andisols on Jeju Island potentially affects the Si concentration in groundwater.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ON SOIL AGGREGATION AND RESPONSE TO VAMA

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Saini ◽  
A. A. MacLean ◽  
J. J. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of the mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates to certain soil properties (clay, organic matter, free iron, free aluminum, and polysaccharide contents) and the relationship of the increase in aggregation caused by VAMA to the same properties of 24 New Brunswick soils were evaluated by correlation and regression analyses.Simple correlation coefficients relating aggregation to soil properties indicated that organic matter (r = 0.627), polysaccharides (r = 0.602), and aluminum (r = 0.679) were the most important factors. However, when the influence of each factor was separated by partial correlation, the coefficients were not significant. On the other hand, the combined effects of all factors as indicated by the multiple correlation coefficient (r = 0.743) was significant at the 1% level. The effect of the same soil properties on response to VAMA, as shown by increase in mean weight diameter, indicated that clay exerted the greatest influence. The relationship with other factors was nonsignificant.

scholarly journals Niche analysis of dominant species in alpine desert grassland communities in Qaidam Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 03021
Author(s):  
Jiancai Sun ◽  
Yonghui Li ◽  
Deting Deng ◽  
Sha Yang ◽  
Yukun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Qaidam Basin ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Desert Plant ◽  
Desert Grassland ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship

Community dominant plants and their ecological niche research is the focus of community ecology research. To explore the niche characteristics of desert dominant plants and the relationship between them and soil factors in Qaidam Basin, and to provide a basis for the construction of desert plant communities and the sustainable management of natural resources in Qaidam Basin. Taking 13 desert plant communities in Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province as the research objects, this paper analyzed the characteristics of desert plant communities and dominant species based on soil physical and chemical properties, and calculated the niche width and niche overlap of dominant plants. The dominant plants are, Haloxylon ammodendron, Tamarix chinensis, Achnatherum splendens, Poacynum hendersonii, Reaumuria songonica, Phragmites australiss, Sympegma regelii, and Ajania Tenuifolia, Artemisia sphaerocephala, Ceratoides latens, Pearl russianthistle, Scirpustriquter. There were different degree of niche overlap among species in the community. In addition, CCA sequencing showed that different species had different requirements on the environment, and the distribution of dominant species was mainly affected by soil total nitrogen and soil organic matter.

scholarly journals Soil-Landscape Relationship in the Northern Volcanic Mountain of Leyte, Philippines

2017 ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Roland Rallos ◽  
Victor Asio ◽  
Faustino Villamayor
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Landscape Position ◽  
Soil Landscape ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unstable Position ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Studies on soil-landscape relationships are necessary to improve our understanding of the spatial distribution and variation of soils for their sustainable management. This study evaluated the relationship between soil properties and landscape position in the northern volcanic mountain of Leyte, Philippines. Five soil profiles located on summit, shoulder, backslope and footslope positions were evaluated. Findings revealed that the degree of soil development as well as the soil morphophysical and chemical properties varied with landscape position. The soil in the most stable position (summit) had thicker solum and slightly more developed soil profile than the soils in other landscape positions. On the other hand, soils in the unstable position (backslope) generally had thinner solum. All the five soils also revealed the influence of the andesitic volcanic parent material on their properties. They all showed some properties typical of Andisols such as low bulk density and high pH in NaF although they were classified as Andic Dystrudept. The soils all possessed physical and chemical constraints for crop production.

Pronamide Phytotoxicity in Ten Wisconsin Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Dutt ◽  
R. G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Pronamide [3,5-dichloro-(N-1, 1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) benzamide] phytotoxicity was compared in 10 Wisconsin soils and the relationship of activity to soil physical and chemical properties appraised. Twelve soil properties were measured and correlated with pronamide I50(50% fresh weight inhibition) values using oats (Avena sativaL. ‘Portal’) as the indicator plant in bioassays conducted under greenhouse conditions. Organic matter was the soil variable most inversely correlated with pronamide phytotoxicity. Cation exchange capacity, field moisture capacity, and Mg content were also inversely correlated with pronamide phytotoxicity, but probably reflect changes in soil organic matter levels. Clay content did not significantly affect pronamide phytotoxicity.

PHOTO-OXIDATION OF CRUDE OILS

1977 ◽  
Vol 1977 (1) ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Nagata ◽  
Goro Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Photo Oxidation ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Photo Decomposition ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACT Changes with elapsed time are presented for five kinds of oils that were studied through the analyses of GLC method, where particularly we made an attempt to examine the relationship among specific gravity, viscosity, and the amount of water in oils. Furthermore, we tried to evaluate a few processes of various kinds of changes on the physical and chemical properties of oils such as evaporation, biodegradation, and photo-decomposition. The evaporation process was found to affect mainly paraffins with smaller boiling points, below the number of C12-C13, for 21 days, while due to the action of marine bacteria, normal paraffins were effectively degraded (ca. 50%) after 15 days except for branched ones. Moreover, it was also found that the aromatic hydrocarbons with anthracene ring and heteroaromatic ones, which were not easily decomposed by the processes mentioned above, were fairly decomposed by photo-irradiation for 10 hours.

scholarly journals NeoCoV Is Closer to MERS-CoV than SARS-CoV

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863372093071
Author(s):  
Mohamed M Hassan ◽  
Mohamed A Hussain ◽  
Sumaya Kambal ◽  
Ahmed A Elshikh ◽  
Osama R Gendeel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Structural Formula ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Whole Genomes ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship

Recently, Coronavirus has been given considerable attention from the biomedical community based on the emergence and isolation of a deadly coronavirus infecting human. To understand the behavior of the newly emerging MERS-CoV requires knowledge at different levels (epidemiologic, antigenic, and pathogenic), and this knowledge can be generated from the most related viruses. In this study, we aimed to compare between 3 species of Coronavirus, namely Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV), and NeoCoV regarding whole genomes and 6 similar proteins (E, M, N, S, ORF1a, and ORF1ab) using different bioinformatics tools to provide a better understanding of the relationship between the 3 viruses at the nucleotide and amino acids levels. All sequences have been retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Regards to target genomes’ phylogenetic analysis showed that MERS and SARS-CoVs were closer to each other compared with NeoCoV, and the last has the longest relative time. We found that all phylogenetic methods in addition to all parameters (physical and chemical properties of amino acids such as the number of amino acid, molecular weight, atomic composition, theoretical pI, and structural formula) indicated that NeoCoV proteins were the most related to MERS-CoV one. All phylogenetic trees (by both maximum-likelihood and neighbor-joining methods) indicated that NeoCoV proteins have less evolutionary changes except for ORF1a by just maximum-likelihood method. Our results indicated high similarity between viral structural proteins which are responsible for viral infectivity; therefore, we expect that NeoCoV sooner may appear in human-related infection.

Experiment Study on Aviation Kerosene's Flash Point Temperature of Low Pressure Environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 2160-2165
Author(s):  
Yan Fei Tang ◽  
Lei Yin ◽  
Yi Niu ◽  
Jian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Point Temperature ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Safety Consideration ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship

Flash point is one of the major physical and chemical properties used to determine the fire and explosion hazards of liquids; therefore, the prediction of flash point is an important safety consideration. However, the study on flash point and the correlation between flash point and pressure has been inadequate, and needs further investigation. So in this paper, the experimental method is adopted to study the correlation between the closed flash point temperature of RP-5 Aviation Kerosene and low pressure environment. In the experiments, use the BS-1 closed bomb apparatus to measure the oil samples and use the hypobaric chamber to change the environment pressure from 50kPa to 101.3kPa. Through the experiment data, it indicates that the atmospheric pressure is much lower than the normal atmosphere, there is a quadratic function relation between the reciprocal Aviation Kerosene's flash points and logarithm of environment pressure, therefore the relationship between the reciprocal Aviation Kerosene’s flash points and altitude is reciprocal. Compared the experiment results with theoretical results, it finds that the experiment result is closed to reality. The experiment results will provide the scientific data for the safety of aircraft tank, and benefit the fire protection, such as inflammable liquid production, transport, storage et al in oil pipeline management.

Effect of Basicity on Continuous Casting Mold Flux Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hua Zhu ◽  
Li Guang Zhu ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Peng Fei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Mold Flux ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Continuous Casting Mold ◽  
Casting Mold ◽  
Flux Function ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Basicity is an important parameter which can determine the performance of continuous casting fluxes, and it have different effects on flux of various physical and chemical properties. This paper discusses the relationship and impact between basicity and the physical and chemical properties of flux, Which proved how changes of basicity affect physical and chemical properties of flux, and then how it affects the flux function .

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