BLOOD METABOLITE LEVELS IN FEED-RESTRICTED HOGS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. GRANDHI ◽  
J. H. STRAIN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Blood Metabolite ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs

Feed restriction by intermittent fasting from 60 to 90 kg body weight (Bwt) reduced the levels of certain blood metabolites (urea nitrogen and free fatty acids), but this response was not the same in Lacombe as in Yorkshire pigs. The changes in blood metabolite levels during fasting and feeding periods indicated altered metabolic function during the period of feed restriction. Key words: Glucose, fatty acids, urea nitrogen, feed restriction, pigs

Effects of Age on Fasting-Induced Changes in Insulin, Glucose, Urea Nitrogen, and Free Fatty Acids in Sera of Sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Hileman ◽  
K. K. Schillo ◽  
J. A. Boling ◽  
M. J. Estienne
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Induced Changes

Metabolic adaptations to fasting and chronic caloric restriction in heart, muscle, and liver do not include changes in AMPK activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. E1032-E1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asensio A. Gonzalez ◽  
Reetu Kumar ◽  
Jacob D. Mulligan ◽  
Ashley J. Davis ◽  
Richard Weindruch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Ampk Activity ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a central role in allowing cells to adapt to nutrient deprivation in vitro. This link between AMPK activity and nutritional status has raised the possibility that AMPK plays a role in the metabolic adaptation to acute and chronic nutritional stress. However, the effects of nutritional stress on AMPK activity in vivo have not been systematically evaluated. To address this, we measured the effects of 24 h of fasting and 4 mo of caloric restriction (CR) on AMPKα1 and -α2 activities in heart, skeletal muscle, and liver in mice. Although fasting caused the expected changes in body weight, plasma leptin, and free fatty acids, it did not increase AMPK activity in heart or skeletal muscle and only increased liver AMPK activity by ∼20% ( P = 0.10). Likewise, CR caused the expected changes in body weight, plasma leptin, and free fatty acids but did not alter AMPK activity in any of the three tissues. Although CR did not alter liver AMPK activity, it dramatically decreased the amount of phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and this was found to be due to decreased protein expression. Plasma leptin, a putative activator of AMPK, varied eightfold across the four groups of mice in the absence of changes in AMPK activity in any tissue. We conclude that, although the metabolic adaptations to fasting and CR include changes in plasma leptin concentration and phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase, these effects occur without changes in AMPK activity.

INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BLOOD METABOLITES AND AN EVALUATION OF THEIR USE AS CRITERIA OF ENERGY STATUS OF COWS IN EARLY LACTATION

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
F. D. SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Treatment Groups

Correlation and regression coefficients were calculated for blood metabolites, milk components, energy balance and efficiency of energy utilization for a total of 120 cows. The animals were on propylene glycol and glycerol feeding experiments, and correlation coefficients were calculated for combinations of parameters with the objective of assessing the effect of additive and level of additive on the constancy of these relationships. In order to attempt an explanation of the variation in relationships between treatment groups, two groups each comprising 19 animals were chosen, based on blood ketone body levels. These groups provided a comparison between stressed (ketotic) and non-stressed (control) animals. Blood glucose was more highly correlated with acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate than with free fatty acids when calculated for treatment groups. When calculated for the two selected groups, significant correlations (P < 0.01) for glucose vs. acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate and free fatty acids were −0.56, −0.61 and −0.28, respectively, for the ketotic group. No significant correlations (P > 0.05) were found between these parameters in the control group. The correlations between blood glucose, acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate and energy balance were very low. Plasma-free fatty acid levels were more closely associated with energy balance than were the other blood metabolites. When energy balance and free fatty acid correlations were compared for ketotic and control groups, only the control group showed a significant (P < 0.01) coefficient (r = − 0.42). The correlation between mean plasma-free fatty acids and mean body weight change over the experimental period for all animals, with time and treatment effects removed, was significant (r = − 0.54, P < 0.01). The estimated free fatty acid level at zero body weight change was 0.53 μ eq per ml plasma. It is concluded that although free fatty acid levels are more sensitive than glucose as an indicator of energy status of the lactating cow, the excessive variability of this relationship during early lactation drastically limits its usefulness.

Effect of Supplementing Rice Straw with Pigeon Pea Forage on Rumen and Blood Metabolites of Yankasa Sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-305
Author(s):  
G. E. Jokthan ◽  
C. A. M. Lakpini ◽  
A. M. Adamu ◽  
G. N. Akpa ◽  
I. A. Adeyinka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
N Concentration

A study was conducted to determine the effect of supplementing rice straw with pigeon pea forage on rumen and blood metabolites of Yankasa sheep. Sixteen yearling Yankasa ewes were used for the study. A completely randomized design was used with four animals per treatment. A basal rice straw diet was provided ad libitum and pigeon pea forage supplemented at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%of the body weight. Rumen and blood samples were collected at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours post-feeding. Results of the study showed low (1.16-3.81mg/100ml) NH3-N concentration in the unsupplemented ewes. Supplementation at 1 % body weight improved the level of NH3-N concentration to 10.38mg/100ml. Volatile faty acids also increased from 26.33 to 43.33mg/l in 0.0% and 1.0% of body weight pigeon pea forage supplementation. pH variations within treatments remain within acceptable range for rumen microbial activity: There was a uniformly low level of plasma urea nitrogen in the unsupplemented diet across sampling time, supplementing at 1.0% of the body weight had the highest plasma urea nitrogen level with 3 and 6 hours post-feeding being significantly (P<0.05) higher than other sampling time. Levels of packed cell volume and haemoglobin improved from 21.00% and 48% in the supplemented diet to 32.00% and 73% at 1.0% pigeon pea forage supplementation respectively

scholarly journals Prepartum and Postpartum Feed Restrictions Affect Blood Metabolites and Hormones Reducing Colostrum and Milk Yields in Fat-Tailed Dairy Sheep

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1258
Author(s):  
Mousa Zarrin ◽  
Meysam Sanginabadi ◽  
Mahrokh Nouri ◽  
Amir Ahmadpour ◽  
Lorenzo E. Hernández-Castellano
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Ctrl Group ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

This study aimed to investigate the effect of prepartum and postpartum feed restriction on body weight (BW), blood metabolites, and hormones as well as colostrum and milk yields and compositions in fat-tailed dairy sheep. In this study, 20 multiparous and pregnant ewes were randomly allocated to either the control (Ctrl; n = 10) or the feed-restricted (FR; n = 10) groups from week −5 to week 5 relative to parturition. Despite dry matter intake being decreased in the FR group compared to the Ctrl throughout both prepartum and postpartum periods, no differences in BW were detected between groups in any of the studied periods. Feed restriction increased both free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations during both prepartum and postpartum periods. Similarly, feed restriction increased triglyceride concentration postpartum. Additionally, feed restriction increased insulin and growth hormone and decreased prolactin concentrations during both prepartum and postpartum periods. Feed restriction caused a decreased colostrum yield and a relative increase of the main colostrum components in the FR group. Similarly, milk yield decreased in the FR group compared to the Ctrl group, although milk components were not affected. In conclusion, feed restriction did not affect BW but decreased colostrum and milk yield in fat-tailed dairy sheep.

scholarly journals The Effects of Replacing Dry Forage With Corn Silage on Milk Yield, Composition and Fatty Acids’ Profiles, Blood Metabolites, Nitrogen Balance, and Rumen Fermentation Parameters in Mahabadi Lactating Goats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohre Tarverdi Sarabi ◽  
Amir Fattah ◽  
Nader Papi ◽  
Seyyed Roohollah Ebrahimi Mahmoudabad
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract The present study was performed with the aim of investigating the effects of replacing dry forage with corn silage on performance, milk yield, composition and fatty acids’ profiles, blood metabolites, nitrogen balance, and rumen fermentation parameters in Mahabadi lactating goats. For this purpose, a total of 20 lactating goats aged between 2 and 5 years old and with body weight of 45.3 ± 7.20 (DS) kg were categorized into two groups, each one containing ten goats. Experimental treatments consisted of controlling diet and dietary substitution of forage part with corn silage at 20% of dry matter. The obtained data were analyzed by the mixed model for a randomized completed design using statistical packages of SAS (2002). The replacement of dry forage with corn silage did not affect the dry matter intake (DMI), live body weight, and milk yield. Feeding corn silage, rather than dry forage, had no significant effect on milk unsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, C18:1C9 percentages, and non-esterified fatty acids concentration, and it caused a decline in milk polyunsaturated fatty acids percentage. As well, dietary inclusion of corn silage significantly decreased plasma urea nitrogen content in goats (P<0.05). Furthermore, feeding corn silage led to a significant increase in antioxidant capacity of rumen liquor (P<0.05), plasma (P<0.01), and milk (P<0.01) of lactating goats. Of note, the dietary addition of corn silage caused no significant effects on microbial nitrogen and nitrogen balance in lactating goats. Feeding corn silage did not affect the ruminal total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid at both periods before and after feeding. In general, results indicated that replacing dry forage with corn silage could consequently improve the antioxidant status in Mahabadi lactating goats.

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