COMPARISON OF TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUATING LEAN CONTENT OF HOG CARCASSES

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
G. M. WEISS
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Design Capacity ◽  
Comparison Of Techniques ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
Specific Definition ◽  
Variance Explained

A population of 2670 pig carcasses was used for comparing three techniques, ruler, ultrasonic and the Danish MFA probe, for prediction of lean yield. The best single fat measurements, all of equal validity, were MFA and ruler at the midline over the gluteus medius and ultrasonic fat measured lateral to the midline in the lumbar region. For each technique, the prediction precision provided by the best single fat measurement was improved by the addition of other fat or lean measurements to the regression equation. The MFA, used to its design capacity of three fat and one lean measurement, predicted 64.6% of the variance in lean content of the lean cuts (ham, loin and shoulder). This reduced to 59.5% when the lean measurement was excluded. The variance explained by-three fat measurements made by the other techniques was 57.4 for ultrasonics and 56.5 for the ruler. Addition of carcass weight to the prediction equations for boneless and boneless defatted yield increased the R2 values for the ruler (4.0%) and ultrasonic (6.4%) techniques but had little effect on the MFA. The most accurate prediction of yield was provided by measurements of side fat and depth of M. longissimus at the last rib, made from carcass cross sections for a subpopulation of 1267 carcasses. This was interpreted as evidence that more specific definition of the site chosen for the MFA fat and muscle measurement in this region of the carcass would improve the precision of the MFA procedure.

Conflicts of Interest

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-142
Author(s):  
Alonso Villarán ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
The Core ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Specific Definition

What is a conflict of interest? What is morally problematic about one? Beginning with the definition, this paper organizes the core (philosophical) literature and creates two continuums—one devoted to the more specific definition of ‘interest,’ and the other to that of ‘duty’ (two elements that belong to the definition of conflicts of interest and over which the debate revolves). Each continuum places the authors according to the narrowness or broadness of their positions, which facilitates the understanding of the debate as well as what is at stake when defining conflicts of interest. The paper then develops a moral analysis that leads to the sought-for definition and to an explanation of why we should treat conflicts of interest carefully. While doing so, the paper discloses the criterion to judge whether a definition is right and presents the duties that makes conflicts of interest special as ‘tertiary’ duties of morality.

The protein and energy nutrition of the bacon pig:IV. Digestible energy values of cereals in pig diets

1965 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Robinson ◽  
J. H. D. Prescott ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Production Animals ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Specific Definition

For optimal growth and production animals require an adequate supply of each nutrient in the diet. This means that within the total of the ration every constituent is allocated its own appropriate proportion and that all the components fit into an ideal balance one with the other. It is reasonably straightforward to define the principles of allocation for vitamins and minerals where a particular chemical entity serves a reasonably well-defined specific function. The definition of the protein component reflects a requirement for certain essential amino acids and for the materials necessary to synthesize the non-essential ones. There remains, however, a major portion of the diet that is not amenable to such specific definition. This fraction includes various chemical entities—fats, carbohydrates and fibrous materials—which are not in themselves indispensable nutrients. It is now accepted, however, that the nutritive value of these components can for convenience be expressed as a whole in terms of their capacity to release energy upon oxidation.

What is mathematics curriculum research?

1966 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 636-639
Author(s):  
M. Vere DeVault
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Curriculum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Curriculum Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Specific Definition

Definitions of mathematics curriculum research range from general positions to rather specific ones. Mathematics curriculum research (MCR) could be described simply as those research activities that are engaged in by persons who identify themselves as mathematics curriculum researchers. On the other hand, a specific definition of MCR can be derived out of some understanding of the three ideas represented by the terms “mathematics,” “curriculum,” and “research.”

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Electron Irradiation Effects in Polyoxymethylene Crystals Grown Inside Trioxane Crystals

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
J. P. Colson ◽  
D. H. Reneker
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Threefold Axis ◽  
Typical Sample ◽  
Polymer Crystals ◽  
Chain Axis

Polyoxymethylene (POM) crystals grow inside trioxane crystals which have been irradiated and heated to a temperature slightly below their melting point. Figure 1 shows a low magnification electron micrograph of a group of such POM crystals. Detailed examination at higher magnification showed that three distinct types of POM crystals grew in a typical sample. The three types of POM crystals were distinguished by the direction that the polymer chain axis in each crystal made with respect to the threefold axis of the trioxane crystal. These polyoxymethylene crystals were described previously.At low magnifications the three types of polymer crystals appeared as slender rods. One type had a hexagonal cross section and the other two types had rectangular cross sections, that is, they were ribbonlike.

Rate Constants, Reactive Flux

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Engholm Henriksen ◽  
Flemming Yssing Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Function ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Time Correlation ◽  
Time Correlation Function ◽  
Exact Expression ◽  
Reaction Cross ◽  
Dividing Surface ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reactive Flux

This chapter discusses a direct approach to the calculation of the rate constant k(T) that bypasses the detailed state-to-state reaction cross-sections. The method is based on the calculation of the reactive flux across a dividing surface on the potential energy surface. Versions based on classical as well as quantum mechanics are described. The classical version and its relation to Wigner’s variational theorem and recrossings of the dividing surface is discussed. Neglecting recrossings, an approximate result based on the calculation of the classical one-way flux from reactants to products is considered. Recrossings can subsequently be included via a transmission coefficient. An alternative exact expression is formulated based on a canonical average of the flux time-correlation function. It concludes with the quantum mechanical definition of the flux operator and the derivation of a relation between the rate constant and a flux correlation function.

scholarly journals Language Family Engineering with Product Lines of Multi-level Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan de Lara ◽  
Esther Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Formal Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Modelling Languages ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractModelling is an essential activity in software engineering. It typically involves two meta-levels: one includes meta-models that describe modelling languages, and the other contains models built by instantiating those meta-models. Multi-level modelling generalizes this approach by allowing models to span an arbitrary number of meta-levels. A scenario that profits from multi-level modelling is the definition of language families that can be specialized (e.g., for different domains) by successive refinements at subsequent meta-levels, hence promoting language reuse. This enables an open set of variability options given by all possible specializations of the language family. However, multi-level modelling lacks the ability to express closed variability regarding the availability of language primitives or the possibility to opt between alternative primitive realizations. This limits the reuse opportunities of a language family. To improve this situation, we propose a novel combination of product lines with multi-level modelling to cover both open and closed variability. Our proposal is backed by a formal theory that guarantees correctness, enables top-down and bottom-up language variability design, and is implemented atop the MetaDepth multi-level modelling tool.

scholarly journals Similar Vertices and Isomorphism Detection for Planar Kinematic Chains Based on Ameliorated Multi-Order Adjacent Vertex Assignment Sequence

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Sun ◽  
Zhizheng Ye ◽  
Fuwei Lu ◽  
Rongjiang Cui ◽  
Chuanyu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Adjacent Vertex ◽  
Topological Graph ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Kinematic Chains ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Specific Definition

AbstractIsomorphism detection is fundamental to the synthesis and innovative design of kinematic chains (KCs). The detection can be performed accurately by using the similarity of KCs. However, there are very few works on isomorphism detection based on the properties of similar vertices. In this paper, an ameliorated multi-order adjacent vertex assignment sequence (AMAVS) method is proposed to seek out similar vertices and identify the isomorphism of the planar KCs. First, the specific definition of AMAVS is described. Through the calculation of the AMAVS, the adjacent vertex value sequence reflecting the uniqueness of the topology features is established. Based on the value sequence, all possible similar vertices, corresponding relations, and isomorphism discrimination can be realized. By checking the topological graph of KCs with a different number of links, the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method are verified. Finally, the method is employed to implement the similar vertices and isomorphism detection of all the 9-link 2-DOF(degree of freedom) planar KCs.

Identity, Community and Belonging in gcc States

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-428
Author(s):  
Miriam R. Lowi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Project ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
National Community ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

Studies of identity and belonging in Gulf monarchies tend to privilege tribal or religious affiliation, if not the protective role of the ruler as paterfamilias. I focus instead on the ubiquitous foreigner and explore ways in which s/he contributes to the definition of national community in contemporary gcc states. Building upon and moving beyond the scholarly literature on imported labor in the Gulf, I suggest that the different ‘categories’ of foreigners impact identity and the consolidation of a community of privilege, in keeping with the national project of ruling families. Furthermore, I argue that the ‘European,’ the non-gcc Arab, and the predominantly Asian (and increasingly African) laborer play similar, but also distinct roles in the delineation of national community: while they are differentially incorporated in ways that protect the ‘nation’ and appease the citizen-subject, varying degrees of marginality reflect Gulf society’s perceptions or aspirations of the difference between itself and ‘the other(s).’

scholarly journals Analysis of the Downscaling Effect and Definition of the Process Fingerprints in Micro Injection of Spiral Geometries

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Luca ◽  
Oltmann Riemer
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Response Variable ◽  
Process Indicators ◽  
Flow Length ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Microinjection Moulding

Microinjection moulding has been developed to fulfil the needs of mass production of micro components in different fields. A challenge of this technology lies in the downscaling of micro components, which leads to faster solidification of the polymeric material and a narrower process window. Moreover, the small cavity dimensions represent a limit for process monitoring due to the inability to install in-cavity sensors. Therefore, new solutions must be found. In this study, the downscaling effect was investigated by means of three spiral geometries with different cross sections, considering the achievable flow length as a response variable. Process indicators, called “process fingerprints”, were defined to monitor the process in-line. In the first stage, a relationship between the achievable flow length and the process parameters, as well as between the process fingerprints and the process parameters, was established. Subsequently, a correlation analysis was carried out to find the process indicators that are mostly related to the achievable flow length.

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