APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF TOWER AND CANDLE RAPESEED MEALS BY HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

Four Holstein bull calves, 18–20 wk of age and averaging 190 kg were used to determine the apparent digestibility of soybean meal (SBM), Tower and Candle rapeseed meals (RSM). Diets containing the RSM were lower (P < 0.05) in dry matter (DM) digestibility than the SBM diet. Apparent digestibilities of DM, acid-detergent fibre (ADF) and energy were not different (P > 0.05) among the three oil meals. However, the rapeseed meals tended to result in lower DM and energy digestibilities compared to that of the SBM sample. Apparent digestibility of crude protein was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for the SBM than the Candle RSM and similar to Tower RSM. However, the data would suggest that the differences in apparent protein digestion coefficients are due to differences in protein contents of the experimental diets and the daily N consumption by the calves.

scholarly journals Voluntary Intake and Apparent Digestibility of Artificially Dried Stargrass Fed to Holstein Bull Calves

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-437
Author(s):  
J. A. Yazman ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
R. E. McDowell ◽  
P. J. Van Soest ◽  
H. Cestero
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of an artificially dried tropical grass, Cynodon nlemfuensis variety nlemfuensis. was evaluated utilizing Holstein bull calves. Two regrowth ages of grass hays, 30 and 45 days, were fed to two groups of four calves each: 16 and 24 weeks old. The grass hays were analyzed for dry matter and crude protein and for fiber fractions according to Goering and Van Soest. There were no significant differences between means for voluntary intake (g/kg body weight (BW)/day) of the chemical constituents for the four calf-hay groups. However, the trend was for higher intake by the 24-week old calves fed the 30-day hay than by the other three groups. Among the 16- week old calves, there was a higher voluntary intake by those consuming the 45-day hay despite the slightly higher nutritive value of the 30-day hay. When the data were pooled across calf ages, voluntary intake of 30-day hays was greater than for the 45-day ones, although only differences in crude protein intake were significant (P < .05). Pooled across hay ages, voluntary intake by the 24-week old calves was significantly greater (P < .05) than by the 16-week old calves for dry matter and neutral-detergent fiber only, indicating that hay intake was related to reticulo-ruminal capacity. Differences in apparent digestibility were significant (P < .05) only for crude protein with the 24-week old calves fed the 30-day hay, having a greater coefficient of digestibility than the 16- and 24-week old calves fed the 45-day hay. Crude protein digestibility of the 30-day hays (pooled across calf ages) was significantly greater (P < .05) than that of the 45-day hays. Although not significant for all constituents, the values were higher for the 30-day hay than for the 45-day hay (pooled across calf ages) and for the 24- week old calves than for the 16-week old calves (pooled across hay ages).

FEED CONSUMPTION AND GROWTH OF DAIRY HEIFER AND BULL CALVES FED CALF STARTERS DIFFERING IN PROTEIN CONTENT

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. JONES ◽  
L. P. JACOBS ◽  
L. J. MARTIN
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Four groups of five Holstein heifer calves were fed calf starter ad libitum from the 5th through the 16th wk. Diets differed in crude protein (CP) content (9.3, 17.8, and 22.2% CP) and were compared to a 21% CP, high-fat milk replacer (HFMR) during 28-day periods. Voluntary intake was not affected by starter CP content. However, increasing dietary CP content increased gains and feed efficiency. Gains were similar between the high-protein starter and the HFMR. When calves in one group received a different starter each day, voluntary consumption of the low-protein starter was reduced. In the second experiment, the HFMR and a starter containing either 10.6, 15.3, or 22.8% CP were fed to Holstein bull calves from wk 2 through 4. The starters were each fed for 21-day periods to each group of calves after weaning from HFMR. A fourth group received a starter of different CP content each day. A fifth group received only HFMR for the entire period. After the 4th wk, calves fed HFMR consumed less dry matter (DM) but gained weight most rapidly. Average daily gains were increased by the medium- and high- over the low-protein calf starter (P < 0.05). Feed efficiency was subsequently reduced by this diet. A ration containing no more than 18% CP was satisfactory for dairy-replacement heifers. However, additional studies should examine the feasibility of marketing 136-kg calves on high-energy calf starters.

Evaluation of grooming behaviour and apparent digestibility method in cats

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
Hee S Kim ◽  
Jin S Hong ◽  
Chang W Park ◽  
Kyung H Cho ◽  
Yoo Y Kim
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Grooming Behaviour

Objectives This experiment was conducted to evaluate the behavioural time budget for grooming and grooming patterns for shorthair and longhair cats, and to assess the effect of grooming behaviour on apparent digestibility of nutrients in domestic cats ( Felis catus) by comparing hair-included faeces and hair-removed faeces. Methods A total of 10 adult domestic cats, with a mean ± SD body weight of 4.3 ± 0.89 kg and a mean ± SD age of 3.5 ± 1.38 years, were used for behavioural observation. Cats were housed individually in stainless steel cages at the animal hospital. The cats’ behaviour was recorded on a webcam videotaping system for one 24 h period; then, faecal samples were collected and analysed to measure apparent digestibility. Results There was no significant difference between longhair and shorthair cats in behavioural time budget for grooming and grooming patterns. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude ash, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) of hair-removed faeces was significantly higher than that of hair-included faeces: about 6% ( P <0.01), 7% ( P <0.01), 14% ( P <0.01), 12% ( P = 0.01) and 10% ( P <0.01), respectively. Conclusions and relevance There was no difference in grooming patterns between longhair cats and shorthair cats. Also, the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude ash, ADF and NDF has been underestimated by approximately 6%, 7%, 14%, 12%, and 10%, respectively, when they have been calculated using the conventional digestibility method for domestic cats.

The effects of zeranol on performance and carcass characteristics of young bulls

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 94-94
Author(s):  
B M Scott ◽  
A V Fisher ◽  
R A Cooper ◽  
J A Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Ad Libitum

Kirk and Cooper (1983) reported two experiments in which the growth performance and carcass conformation of intensively fed dairy-bred bulls was improved by sequential implantation with Zeranol®. Two further studies have been conducted in which there has been repeat implantation of Zeranol® and detailed carcass dissection to measure precisely the effects on carcass quality.In trial A, 16 Holstein bull calves were purchased from pedigree breeders and weaned at eight weeks of age, when they were divided into two groups of eight, balanced by weight. From 8 to 12 weeks they were given commercial rearing pellets followed by a. commercial pencil and hay was given ad libitum. From 12 weeks onwards a cereal mix was offered ad libitum, formulated to give 13 MJ/kg dry matter, 160 g/kg crude protein. Hay was withdrawn from 14 weeks of age. At eight weeks of age, half the animals were implanted with 36 mg Zeranol® (Ralgro, Crown Chemical Company, Kent), and re-implanted a further three times every 70 days. Five blood samples were taken from all animals over a 15h period at about 8, 14, 33 and 43 weeks of age.

Chemical composition, intake, apparent digestibility and nylon-bag disappearance of leaf and stem fractions from straw of four barley genotypes

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Herbert ◽  
E. F. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Barley Genotypes

AbstractFour experiments examined the chemical composition, intake, dry matter (DDM) and organic matter (DOM) apparent digestibilities and rates of disappearance from nylon bags of hand-separated leaf and stem fractions of straw from four genotypes of barley: Arabi Abiad, Beecher, C63 and ER/Apam. In experiment 1, 900 g leaf from each genotype was offered to three or four wethers together with 200 g soya-bean meal (SBM), and in experiment 2 the leaf from the same four genotypes was offered ad libitum with 200 g SBM. In experiment 3, 500 g stem from Arabi Abiad and Beecher was offered with 100 g SBM to six wethers in two groups. Experiment 4 measured the rate and extent of disappearance of the leaf and stem fractions from nylon bags incubated in the rumen of wethers. The genotypes had widely contrasting morphological characteristics. Stems contained about half as much ash and crude protein as leaves and differences within fractions were small. The leaf and stem fractions of the two-rowed barleys Abiad and Apam contained less modified acid-detergent fibre than the six-rowed Beecher and C63 genotypes.When leaf was offered with SBM, both restrictedly and ad libitum, the DDM and DOM of this fraction were similar between genotypes (P > 0·05) and in experiment 2 the intake of leaf was also similar between genotypes (P > 0·05). The apparent digestibility of stem differed significantly between Arabi Abiad and Beecher in experiment 3 (P < 0·05). Significant differences were apparent between genotypes in the extent and rate of disappearance of leaf and stem from nylon bags after 48 h incubation in the rumen.

scholarly journals Content of nutrients and energy in pasture vegetation and their apparent digestibility in Old Kladruber horses

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Eva Straková ◽  
Pavel Suchý
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Pure Protein ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

This study focuses on the determination of apparent digestibility of pasture vegetation nutrients in horses of the Old Kladruber breed through a balance indicator method (determination of acid insoluble ash). When evaluating the nitrogenous substances, their determination was based on the content of pure protein (sum of amino acids) which is more accurate than crude protein. There were differences in the chemical composition of dry matter from pasture vegetation and horse excrements. Regarding crude fat, crude fibre, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, ash, P and Mg, the average values in dry matter of horse excrements were significantly (P≤ 0.01) higher; on the contrary, we found significantly (P≤ 0.01) lower mean values of nitrogen-free extract, organic matter and Ca ​​in the dry mass of pasture grass. The highest coefficient of apparent digestibility for organic nutrients was determined in the nitrogen-free extract (73%) followed with organic matter (71%), pure protein (68%), crude protein (65%) and crude fat (61%). In case of fibre and its fractions, the apparent digestibility coefficients decreased as follows: crude fibre (66%), neutral detergent fibre (66%), acid detergent fibre (63%) and acid detergent lignin (42%). Significantly lower values were determined for coefficients of apparent digestibility for minerals P (16%) and Mg (50%), which highlights the need for their regular supplementation in horses on pasture. This study extends the current state of knowledge regarding the apparent digestibility of pasture vegetation which is a prerequisite for optimal nutrition of horses.

NIPPLE FEEDING OF TWO TYPES OF PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS TO CALVES

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. WADLEIGH ◽  
D. N. MOWAT
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Tracer Tests ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Matter Basis

Sixty Holstein bull calves initially averaging 94 kg were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design to compare two methods of feeding supplemental skim milk or soyaflour. A high moisture shelled corn ration, supplemented with excess urea to give an average of 13.2% crude protein (dry matter basis), was fed ad libitum. Soyaflour or skim milk, providing an additional 80 g of crude protein per day, was fed either suspended in 1.2 ℓ of warm water in a nipple bottle in two equal portions every day, or was mixed dry into the basal ration. Calves were housed five per pen on slatted floors and were fed for 140 days to an average liveweight of 272 kg. No significant differences (P >.05) were found between treatments in gain, dry matter intake or feed/gain. Rumen strontium tracer and plasma glucose load tests suggested persistence of reticular groove closure with nipple feeding of protein supplements up to 272 kg average liveweight. A subsequent experiment utilized 24 of the nipple-trained calves. Twelve were abruptly switched to twice daily bucket feeding while 12 remained on nipple feeding of skim milk. Strontium tracer tests on days 0, 14 and 28 of the trial suggested extinction of reflex groove closure and/or mechanical failure of the groove in calves changed to bucket feeding. Groove closure was maintained in nipple-fed calves to 332 kg average liveweight.

The protein requirement of the ruminant calf. III. The ability of the calf weaned at five weeks of age to utilise urea given as a supplement to a low-protein concentrate

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.J.F. Stobo ◽  
J.H.B. Roy ◽  
Helen J. Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Protein Diets

(1) Forty-five Ayrshire and Shorthorn bull calves were used in an experiment to study the ability of the calf weaned at 5 weeks on to concentrates, hay and water, to utilise urea added to a low-protein concentrate.(2) Calves given the concentrate containing 20% crude protein gained weight significantly faster from 3 to 12 weeks than those given concentrates containing either 12% crude protein, or 18% crude protein of which 33% was in the form of urea. There was a tendency for calves given the urea supplement to gain weight at a slightly faster rate to 8 weeks than those given the low-protein diet, but this tendency was reversed between 8 and 12 weeks of age.(3) At 15 weeks, the coefficients of apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen-free extract were significantly greater when an all-concentrate diet containing 19·6% crude protein was given, than with a concentrate containing 12·2% crude protein. When the lowprotein concentrate supplemented with urea was given (18·5% crude protein) the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract was significantly greater than on the low-protein concentrate. The digestibility of crude fibre in the urea-supplemented diet was intermediate between the values obtained on the high- and low-protein diets.(4) Despite marked differences between treatments in the intakes of apparently digested nitrogen, similar amounts of nitrogen were retained, because of large differences in the amounts of nitrogen excreted in the urine. However, the amount of nitrogen stored per unit of body-weight gain was 27% higher in calves given the concentrate containing 19·6% crude protein than in those given either the low-protein concentrate or the urea-supplemented diet.

scholarly journals Replacement of soybean meal by treated castor meal in supplements for grazing heifer during the dry-rainy season period

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.V. Barros ◽  
M.F. Paulino ◽  
E. Detmann ◽  
S.C. Valadares Filho ◽  
S.A. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Castor Meal

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of multiple supplement with different levels of castor meal (Ricinus communis L.) treated with calcium oxide on intake, on the total apparent digestibility of dietary components, on the efficiency of microbial synthesis and on the performance of beef heifers grazing Brachiaria decumbens during the dry-rainy transition period. The experimental area was composed of five 2.5-ha paddocks with availability of potentially digestible dry matter of 2,858.4 kg/ha. It was used 25 Nellore heifers and 10 crossbred with predominance of Zebu breed heifers at 13 months of age and body weight of 210 ± 0.8 kg in a completely randomized experimental design. Supplements contained approximately 25% of crude protein (CP) and they were formulated with 0; 33; 67 and 100% of castor meal replacing soybean meal. Daily weight gain was 366.1 g for animals in the control group and 439.7; 478.9; 556.3; and 493.9, respectively for those fed supplements with 100% of soybean meal and 33, 67 and 100% castor meal. There was no effect of treated castor meal levels on daily weight gain of the animals, which was higher in those animals fed supplements. Levels of castor meal had decreasing linear effect on intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), digested dry matter and digestible neutral detergent fiver and on the intake of total digestible nutrients. Coefficients of apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE and non-fibrous carbohydrates were greater for animals under supplementation. Microbial efficiency, expressed in g of crude protein per kg of consumed TDN, did not differ among groups. Replacement of soybean meal by castor meal treated with calcium oxide does not harm animal performance.

Pengaruh Penambahan Bungkil Kedelai terhadap Konsumsi Pakan, Pertambahan Bobot Badan Harian, dan Konversi Pakan pada Sapi Peranakan Simmental

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rico Rico ◽  
Novi Eka Wati ◽  
Adisti Rastosari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
T Test ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Protein Consumption ◽  
Simmental Cattle

The objective of the researh was to study the effect of additions soybean meal in ration on the feed consumption, daily weight gain and feed convertion in Simmental cattle. The experiment used eight male Simmental cattle around 2 years old with an average weight of 198,65 ± 14,57 kilograms. The cattle kept for 35 days and given rations P0 (rations ranchers) and P1 (rations plus soybean meal). Data was obtained, then analyzed using independent sample t-test assisted with SPSS version 17.00 software. The result showed that the addition of soybean meal did not affect on dry matter consumption, daily weight gain, and feed convertion but, the crude protein consumption was increased. Keywords: dry matter consumption, daily weight gain, feed convertion

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