EFFECTIVENESS OF SIRE PROOFS IN PREDICTING RESULTS OF CORRECTIVE MATINGS FOR CONFORMATION IN CANADIAN HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. BURNSIDE ◽  
H. M. STEWART
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Friesian Cattle ◽  
Type Classification ◽  
Classification Rating ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Type classification records of maternal half-sister pairs were analyzed to determine if "Superior" sires differed significantly from "Inferior" sires in their progeny distributions for each type component. "Superior" sires differed by at least one standard deviation in proofs from "Inferior" sires. The sires contrasted were 53 Holstein-Friesian bulls which entered Canadian Artificial Insemination units between 1956 and 1962. Data were analyzed separately for each component of the scorecard and for each classification rating of the dam. Chi-square tests showed highly significant (P <.01) differences in the progeny distributions for the two groups of sires. Differences were most dramatic for size, rump, body capacity and dairy character. In general, higher chi-square values were found for traits with higher heritability estimates. Correlations between sires’ proofs for conformation at the time of mating and their mates’ conformation records for major scorecard components were all positive and highly significant (P <.01) except for dairy character. This indicates that assortative matings are taking place and thus it is essential to adjust for mates of sires to generate accurate sire ratings for conformation.

scholarly journals Reproductive Behavior’s: Audiovisual detection of oestrus after synchronization using Prostaglandin F2 Alpha (PGF2α)

2021 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 04021
Author(s):  
Nurcholis ◽  
Lilik Sumaryanti
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Visual Behavior ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Data Comparison ◽  
Prostaglandin F2 Alpha

Artificial insemination program to increase production is affected by oestrus. Breeders generally identify cows in oestrus based on their behavior. Currently, oestrus can be predicted and scheduled due to PGF2α synchronization. This study aims to determine the detection of oestrus after PGF2α synchronization, and more specifically to distinguish audio-visual behavior. The six cows used were synchronized using PGF2α. Descriptive methods include (mean, standard deviation). Test. Chi-square was used for qualitative data comparison. The observed variables were the onset of oestrus and lust behavior (looking at the audiovisual characteristics, using video and the Audio Spectrum Monitor (ASM) application. The results showed that the response to oestrus appeared 30 hours after synchronization in 5 cows. The visual behavior that appears a lot is Mounting activity, Mucus Exit, Vulva Swelling, Restlessness and Vocalization duration. ASM recordings show the frequency in cows that are in oestrus between 405 Hz -485 Hz after PGF2α injection. In conclusion, the audiovisual behavior of cows after synchronization shows that the cows are in a state of oestrus, and are ready for artificial insemination.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for test-day milk yield in tropical Holstein Friesian cattle fitting a multiple-lactation random regression animal model

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-361
Author(s):  
S. Meseret ◽  
E. Negussie
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Friesian Cattle

Accurate estimates of genetic parameters are essential for genetic improvement of milk yield in dairy cattle and for setting up breeding programmes. Estimates of genetic parameters from test-day models, particularly for Holstein Friesian cattle maintained in tropical environments, are scant in the literature. The objective of this study was therefore to estimate genetic parameters for milk yield by fitting a multiple-lactation random regression animal model (RRM) based on data from Ethiopian Holstein Friesian herds. Data were used from the first three lactations of cows that calved between 1997 and 2013. The data comprised 13 421 test-day milk yield records from 800 cows from two large dairy herds. Variance components were estimated using the average information restricted maximum likelihood method fitting an RRM. Heritability estimates for first, second, and third lactations ranged from 0.20 to 0.26, 0.15 to 0.27, and 0.17 to 0.28, respectively. Heritability estimates ranging from 0.15 to 0.28 indicate that effective genetic improvement should be accompanied by a corresponding improvement of the production environment. Across-lactation genetic correlations between first and second, second and third, and first and third lactations, expressed on a 305-day yield basis, were 0.88, 0.83, and 0.70, respectively. These genetic correlations, less than or equal to 0.88, indicate that different lactations are different traits. For an accurate evaluation of the genetic merit of animals for milk yield, lactations should be treated as different, but correlated traits in a multiple-lactation analysis.Keywords: Genetic correlation, heritability, Legendre polynomial, test-day model

Home ownership in Saudi Arabia: Spatial Dimensions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asharaf Abdul Salam
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Ownership Type ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
One Way Anova

<p>This paper undertakes a detailed analysis of 2010 Census Population and Household Tables (Final), to assess governorate wise variations in home ownership, type of living accommodations and housing infrastructure - material used for construction, electricity, water and sewage facilities.</p> <p>The data published by the Ministry of Economics and Planning in its “Population and Housing, 2010 Census” analyzed in detail using SPSS20, applying statistical methods such as, cross tabulations and chi-square; mean and standard deviation; and One-Way ANOVA. Governorates classified into small, medium and large, according to the number of Saudi persons, have been analyzed across 13 regions quantifying homeownership status. Further governorates are classified according to the percentage of owning homes in order to analyze the type of living accommodations, built up material of housing, source of electricity, water and sewage facilities. </p> <br>

Home ownership in Saudi Arabia: Spatial Dimensions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asharaf Abdul Salam
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Ownership Type ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
One Way Anova

<p>This paper undertakes a detailed analysis of 2010 Census Population and Household Tables (Final), to assess governorate wise variations in home ownership, type of living accommodations and housing infrastructure - material used for construction, electricity, water and sewage facilities.</p> <p>The data published by the Ministry of Economics and Planning in its “Population and Housing, 2010 Census” analyzed in detail using SPSS20, applying statistical methods such as, cross tabulations and chi-square; mean and standard deviation; and One-Way ANOVA. Governorates classified into small, medium and large, according to the number of Saudi persons, have been analyzed across 13 regions quantifying homeownership status. Further governorates are classified according to the percentage of owning homes in order to analyze the type of living accommodations, built up material of housing, source of electricity, water and sewage facilities. </p> <br>

scholarly journals What are the Most Widely Used and Effective Attack Coverage Systems in Men’s Volleyball?

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Raúl Hileno ◽  
Antonio García-de-Alcaraz ◽  
Bernat Buscà ◽  
Cristòfol Salas ◽  
Oleguer Camerino
Keyword(s):  
Mean Difference ◽  
First Line ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Residuals Analysis ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
Pan American ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tests For Independence ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Abstract In volleyball, attack coverage is one of the play actions most neglected in coaching and research. The purpose of this study was to find out which attack coverage systems are used by high-level men’s teams in different game situations and the characteristics of the most effective systems. We analysed 15 matches from the 2010 Men’s Pan-American Volleyball Cup, with a total of 1,415 coverage actions. Chi-square tests for independence, adjusted residuals analysis and calculations of standardised mean difference were performed. The results show that high-level men’s volleyball uses many coverage systems other than the traditional 3-2-0 and 2-3-0. At this level of play, the most frequent systems were 1-3-1 and 1-2-2, which occurred significantly often at the culmination of a third-tempo attack at the wing. The most effective systems consisted of three coverage lines, with fewer than five players covering the spiker and at least one player in the first coverage line, in both the attack and counterattack phases. Given the large number of coverage systems identified in different game situations, we recommend flexible, loosely structured training in these systems, based on a set of guiding principles that all players on a team must internalise for the specific position they are playing. Regarding the systems’ efficacy, the main watchword is that on each coverage line there should always be at least one player, but the first line should not be exposed.

Generational differences in the placement of clitic se in New York City Spanish

2021 ◽  
pp. 136700692110165
Author(s):  
Kevin Martillo Viner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
External Variables ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Finite Verb ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Aims and objectives: This study analyzes the proclitic and enclitic positions of Spanish clitic se (e.g., ella se quería ir / ella quería irse ‘she wanted to go’) across two generations of Spanish speakers in New York City. In an effort to contribute to ongoing research aimed at better understanding Spanish in the US, the following questions are addressed. In syntactic environments that permit variation, does placement of Spanish se differ between the two generations? From the internal variables identified for this study (nonfinite verb type, finite verb, tense of finite verb, grammatical person, use of se, grammatical mood of finite verb, negation), which ones have a statistically significant effect on placement? From the external variables identified for this study (national origin, region, areal origins, sex, age, years in US, socioeconomic class, education, English skill, Spanish skill, general Spanish use), which ones have a statistically significant effect on placement? Design and data: This study is carried out within a variationist-sociolinguistic framework and the sample consists of 50 participants, 25 from the first generation (G1) and 25 from the second (G2). Analysis: Bivariate chi-square tests are performed in order to determine what internal and external variables constrain placement of the dependent variable (clitic se placement). Findings: Generation has a statistically significant effect on placement ( p = .016), wherein proclisis is more frequent amongst the G2 participants. These results corroborate previous research showing an overall preference for proclisis in both monolingual and bilingual/heritage speakers. Further, chi-square tests pinpoint five conditioning effects for G1 (nonfinite verb type, use of se, finite verb, years in US, and English skill), but only two for G2 (use of se and English skill). Originality and implications: The present study is the first to discover strong correlations between the proclitic position and the numerous internal and external variables quantitatively assessed. Future research is thus warranted.

scholarly journals Visual identification of individual Holstein-Friesian cattle via deep metric learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 106133
Author(s):  
William Andrew ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Siobhan Mullan ◽  
Neill Campbell ◽  
Andrew W. Dowsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metric Learning ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Deep Metric Learning ◽  
Friesian Cattle
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