EFFECT OF DIETARY SELENIUM ON GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN PIGLETS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. CHAVEZ
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Dietary Selenium ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
High Level

Two experiments were conducted to measure the effect of dietary selenium on glutathione (GSH) peroxidase activity in plasma and body organs of growing pigs. In experiment 1, 12 piglets weaned at 2 wk and 18 weaned at 4 wk were fed for a period of 5 wk either a selenium-deficient basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 0.1 ppm selenium as sodium selenite. Three levels of dietary vitamin E supplemented as dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate were also included in this experiment in a factorial arrangement with selenium. Vitamin E was shown to have no effect on GSH-peroxidase activity. In contrast, dietary selenium exerted a significant effect on the activity of the seleno-enzyme in the plasma, pancreas, heart, lungs and kidneys of piglets. The kidneys showed the highest GSH-peroxidase activity of the organs studied. Supplemental selenium resulted in a marked increase in plasma GSH-peroxidase activity of the piglets weaned at 2 wk, and maintained a high level of activity for those weaned at 4 wk. Pancreatic activity of this enzyme in selenium-deficient animals showed a drop to about one-third the activity observed in selenium-supplemented piglets after a 5-wk period. GSH-peroxidase in heart muscle showed the same response that was observed in the pancreas. The reduction in activity of this enzyme in lungs and kidneys was much greater than in pancreas and heart. No measurable amounts of GSH-peroxidase were observed in the liver of piglets either with or without selenium supplementation. In experiment 2, six pairs of male-female piglets weaned at 2 wk of age were fed either a selenium-deficient or a selenium supplemented diet. During the 20-wk period, selenium-supplemented piglets showed an average GSH-peroxidase activity in plasma 8.2-fold higher than selenium-deficient animals. After 2 wk, selenium-deficient piglets showed an extremely low activity of the seleno-enzyme in the plasma. Thus, the measurement of GSH-peroxidase in plasma of the live animal appears to be a reliable index of nutritional selenium status in piglets.

scholarly journals Dietary oxidised frying oil causes oxidative damage of pancreatic islets and impairment of insulin secretion, effects associated with vitamin E deficiency

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. 1311-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Fan Chiang ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw ◽  
Mei-Fang Yang ◽  
Chih-Yang Huang ◽  
Cheng-Hsien Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion ◽  
High Level ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

We previously reported that, in rodents, a diet with a high oxidised frying oil (OFO) content leads to glucose intolerance associated with a reduction in insulin secretion. The present study aimed at investigating the impairment of pancreatic islets caused by dietary OFO. C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups to receive a low-fat basal diet containing 5 g/100 g of fresh soyabean oil (LF group) or a high-fat diet containing 20 g/100 g of either fresh soyabean oil (HF group) or OFO (HO group). After 8 weeks, mice in the HO group showed glucose intolerance and hypoinsulinaemia, and their islets showed impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (P < 0·05; HO group v. LF and HF groups). Significantly higher oxidative stress and a lower mitochondrial membrane potential were observed in the islets in the HO group compared with the LF and HF groups. Immunoblots showed that the reduction in insulin levels in HO islets was associated with activation of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and a reduction in levels of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor-1. In a second study, when dietary OFO-induced tissue vitamin E depletion was prevented by large-dose vitamin E supplementation (500 IU(1·06 mmol all-rac-α-tocopherol acetate)/kg diet; HO+E group), the OFO-mediated reduction in islet size and impairment of glucose tolerance and insulin secretion were significantly attenuated (P < 0·05; HO group v. HO+E group). We conclude that a high level of dietary OFO ingestion impairs glucose metabolism by causing oxidative damage and compromising insulin secretion in pancreatic islets, and that these effects can be prevented by vitamin E supplementation.

scholarly journals Selenium and α-tocopherol content in eggs produced by hens that were fed diets supplemented with selenomethionine, sodium selenite and vitamin E

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 388-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skřivan ◽  
I. Bubancová ◽  
M. Marounek ◽  
G. Dlouhá
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
The Third ◽  
Egg Yolks

The effect of supplementing dietary selenium (Se) and vitamin E was investigated in 330 24-week-old laying hens. The hens were fed a basal diet containing Se and &alpha;-tocopherol at 0.11 and 26 mg/kg, respectively, or a diet supplemented with Se at 0.3 mg/kg and vitamin E between 0 and 625 mg/kg. Se was supplied as Se-methionine or sodium selenite. The eggs were collected for analysis during the third, seventh and eleventh weeks of the experiment. Supplementation of either form of Se significantly increased the Se concentration in egg yolks and whites, with a more pronounced effect caused by Se-methionine. The egg yolk &alpha;-tocopherol concentration paralleled the dietary &alpha;-tocopherol concentration. At a high dietary &alpha;-tocopherol concentration (632 mg/kg), the retinol content in egg yolks from hens fed Se-methionine increased significantly. Supplementation of Se-methionine significantly increased the &alpha;-tocopherol content in the eggs in the third and seventh weeks of the experiment. A moderate decrease in yolk cholesterol was observed in hens fed Se-methionine and &alpha;-tocopherol at 119 mg/kg. The concentration of products from lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, TBARS) in egg yolks increased marginally during the refrigerated storage of the eggs for 2 weeks. The effect of dietary vitamin E on TBARS formation was generally small, although a more significant effect was observed at the highest dose tested.

scholarly journals Some effects of vitamin E and selenium deprivation on tissue enzyme levels and indices of tissue peroxidation in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Bell ◽  
C. B. Cowey ◽  
J. W. Adron ◽  
Aileen M. Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Cumene Hydroperoxide ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Exudative Diathesis ◽  
Malondialdehyde Formation

1. Duplicate groups of rainbow trout (Salrno gairdnert) (mean weight 11 g) were given for 40 weeks one of four partially purified diets that were either adequate or low in selenium or vitamin E or both.2. Weight gains of trout given the dually deficient diet were significantly lower than those of trout given a complete diet or a diet deficient in Se. No mortalities occurred and the only pathology seen was exudative diathesis in the dually deficient trout.3. There was significant interaction between the two nutrients both with respect to packed cell volume and to malondialdehyde formation in the in vitro NADPH-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation system.4. Tissue levels of vitamin E and Se decreased to very low levels in trout given diets lacking these nutrients. For plasma there was a significant effect of dietary vitamin E on Se concentration.5. Glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (EC 1. 1 1. 1.9) activity in liver and plasma was significantly lower in trout receiving low dietary Se but was independent of vitamin E intake. The ratios of hepatic GSH peroxidase activity measured with cumene hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide were the same for all treatments. This confirms the absence of a Se-independent GSH peroxidase activity in trout liver.6. Se deficiency did not lead to any compensatory increase in hepatic GSH transferase (EC 2. 5. 1. 18) activity; values were essentially the same in all treatments.7. Plasma pyruvate kinase (EC 2. 7. 1.40) activity increased significantly in the trout deficient in both nutrients. This was thought to be due to leakage of the enzyme from the muscle and may be indicative of incipient (subclinical) muscle damage.

Re-evaluation of the vitamin E requirements of juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ✕ O. aureus)

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Shiau ◽  
L. F. Shiau
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Protein Deposition

AbstractA 10-week feeding trial was conducted to re-evaluate the level of dietary vitamin E (DL- α-tocopheryl acetate) that was adequate for juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus ✕ O. aureus given diets containing two dietary lipid concentrations. Purified diets with eight levels of vitamin E (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 400 mg/kg diet) at either 50 or 120 g lipid per kg were each given to three replicate groups of tilapia (mean weight: 0·69 (s.e.0·02) g) reared in a closed, recirculating system. Food efficiency and protein deposition were significantly (P < 0·05) higher in fish given 50 mg vitamin E per kg diet and 75 mg/kg diet in the 50 and 120 g lipid per kg groups respectively, compared with fish given the unsupplemented control diet. Mortality of fish was not affected by dietary treatment. Weight gain and liver microsomal ascorbic acid-stimulated lipid peroxidation data analysed by broken-line regression indicated that the optimum dietary vitamin E requirements in juvenile tilapia are 42 to 44 mg vitamin E per kg and 60 to 66 mg vitamin E per kg in 50 and 120 g lipid per kg diets, respectively.

scholarly journals Biopotency of vitamin E in barley

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Juhani Hakkarainen ◽  
Jouko T. Työppönen ◽  
Saifeldin Hassan ◽  
Gösta Bengtsson ◽  
S. R. Lennart Jönsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Chemical Determination ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dose Responses ◽  
Liver Storage

1. Investigations were carried out to establish the total biopotency of the natural vitamin E isomers in barley compared with that of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate.2. The chick was used as an experimental animal. Prevention of nutritional encephalomalacia (NE) and chick liver-storage and plasma-storage assays of vitamin E were the methods used in the study. The individual tocopherols and tocotrienols, both in the tissue samples and in the grain and barley oil, were analysed using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The diagnosis of NE was based on careful clinical and histopathological observations.3. It can be concluded from the results that full protection against NE in the chicks was obtained with a supplementation level of 7.5 mg DL-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg diet (i.e. a total vitamin E content of 11.20 mg/kg diet) or with a supplement of 8.7 g barley oil/kg diet (i.e. a total vitamin E content of 22.99 mg from barley oil/kg diet). This gave a biopotency factor of 0.49 for barley for prevention of NE of the chicks, as compared to that of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate.4. Using regression analysis a statistically linear relationship could be observed between the total dietary vitamin E level and the response, as measured by the total vitamin E content in the liver and plasma, both in the groups supplemented with DL-a-tocopheryl acetate and in the groups supplemented with corresponding amounts of vitamin E in barley oil. The liver and plasma responses to the total vitamin E in the barley-oil diet compared with those of the DL-a-tocopheryl acetate reference diet gave identical values for the regression coefficients, i.e. in both liver-storage and plasma-storage assays the value for slopes of dose-response lines was 0.37. This means that the biopotency of the total vitamin E in barley was 37% of that of dietary DL-a-tocopheryl acetate. Thus, barley is not as rich a source of vitamin E as could be supposed on the basis of the chemical determination of its total vitamin E content.5. It was possible to verify this experimentally established biopotency of 0.37 for the total vitamin E in barley by converting the chemically determined amounts of the vitamin E isomers in barley into DL-α-tocopheryl acetate equivalents by multiplying them with internationally accepted potency factors for the individual natural isomers (DL-α-tocopheryl acetate 1.00, D-α-tocopherol 1.49, D-β-tocopherol 0.60, D-gamma;-tocopherol 0.1 5, D-α-tocotrienol 0.37).6. In spite of the high proportion of α- and β-tocotrienols in the barley-oil diets (about 60% of the total vitamin E content), only traces of these isomers could be detected in the plasma and none could be detected in the liver. On the other hand, calculation of the individual hiopotencies for the different isomers in the barley-oil diet by comparing the dose responses, diet: liver, separately for each isomer with those of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate, resulted in biopotency values for α- and β-tocopherol which were twice as high as the internationally accepted conversion factors. These results of the present study tempted the authors to draw the conclusion that there may have been a chemical reduction of the α- and β-tocotrienols to the corresponding tocopherols before entering the liver.

scholarly journals Effects of protein and vitamin E on haemoglobin formation in rats

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bunyan ◽  
J. Green ◽  
M. A. Cawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Severe Growth ◽  
Haemolysis Test

1. Young rats were given, for 9 weeks, vitamin E-deficient diets containing either 20% or 10% casein, with and without a dietary supplement of 350 ppm D-α-tocopheryl acetate. For the next 5 weeks the casein content of the low-protein diets was decreased to 7%.2. The low-protein diets induced severe growth depression.3. The dialuric acid-induced haemolysis test showed that the rats given the 20% casein vitamin E-deficient diet were depleted of vitamin E, but that the rate of depletion on the lowcasein diet was slower.4. Haemoglobin levels were slightly decreased by the 10% casein diets after 9 weeks, but this difference was not found after 14 weeks, comparing 20% and 7% casein. Dietary vitamin E had no effect on haemoglobin levels or erythrocyte counts.

scholarly journals Improving the Quality Characteristics and Shelf Life of Meat and Growth Performance in Goose Fed Diets Supplemented with Vitamin E

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Zabihollah Nemati ◽  
Kazem Alirezalu ◽  
Maghsoud Besharati ◽  
Saeid Amirdahri ◽  
Daniel Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin E on growth performance, cellular immunity, carcass characteristics, and meat quality in geese. Sixty-four one-day-old male geese were selected from 1200 goose chicks with the same average body weight (92.5 ± 2.5 g) and subjected to two treatments (basal diet or control and basal diet plus 120 mg/kg vitamin E supplement) with 4 replicates (8 geese per replicate) for 8 weeks. After slaughter, goose meat was aerobically packed in polyethylene packages and stored at 4 °C for 9 days. The results showed that vitamin E supplementation improved the growth performance, carcass yield percentage, and immune response of goose (p < 0.05). The addition of vitamin E in the diet significantly increased the protein and fat content of goose meat but decreased the moisture and ash content with respect to those obtained from the control diet. During storage, meat from the vitamin E treatment showed higher phenolic content and lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs) and total volatile nitrogen (TVB-N) values than those from the control treatment. Vitamin E supplementation increased the saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in goose meat. However, goose meat supplemented with vitamin E displayed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher PUFA/SFA ratio than those of the control group. Based on the results, it was concluded that vitamin E could be used to improve the growth performance of goose, the meat composition in terms of the protein and fat content, the nutritional value in terms of the fatty acid composition, and the shelf life.

Effects of high levels of vitamin e supplementation in heat stressed laying hens

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 49-49
Author(s):  
Sandy Bollengier ◽  
G. Uzu ◽  
P.E.V. Williams ◽  
C.C. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
High Level

It was investigated in a small-scale study using a climate-controlled room at IAPGR, Roslin, that the effects of feeding a high level of supplemental vitamin E (500 mg/kg) on egg production and plasma concentrations of egg-associated metabolites in laying hens subjected to a short exposure (7 days) to a moderate heat stress (temperature of 32°C). The study showed, on small group sizes (12 birds / group), that in control birds (fed 30 mg supplemental vitamin E/kg), this degree of heat stress depressed egg production by about 30%. In the birds receiving the high level of vitamin E, egg production was maintained at levels very close to those prior to the heat stress. The objective of this experiment was to confirm in a larger scale the effects of high levels of dietary vitamin E on egg production of hens exposed to a chronic heat stress and during a period of recovery at thermoneutral temperatures.

Effects of Dietary Carnosine and Vitamin E on Antioxidant and Oxidative Status of Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (45) ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wissam Ibrahim ◽  
Vickie Tatumi ◽  
Che-Chung Yeh ◽  
Chuen Bin Hong ◽  
Ching Kuang Chow
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Conjugated Dienes ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The purpose of this study was to determine if moderate levels of carnosine supplement, alone or in combination with vitamin E, enhance antioxidant status and/or provide protection against oxidative stress. Fiftyfour one-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a basal vitamin E-deficient diet supplemented with either 0, 200, or 1000 mg L-carnosine, and either 0, 10, or 100 IU vitamin E (as all rec-α-tocopheryl acetate) per kg diet for 15 weeks. The antioxidant and oxidative status were assessed in the skeletal muscle, liver, and blood. Dietary vitamin E, but not carnosine, increased levels of vitamin E, decreased tissue peroxidizability, prevented incidence of myodegeneration, and reduced erythrocyte hemolytic stress. The levels of conjugated dienes, protein carbonyls, ascorbic acid, and nonprotein sulfhydryls, and activities of catalase, glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase were not significantly altered by dietary carnosine or vitamin E. The results obtained suggest that supplementation of carnosine at levels of up to 1000 mg/kg diet does not significantly affect the antioxidant and oxidative status of rats.

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