VALUE OF WHOLE PLANT FABA BEAN SILAGE AS THE SOLE FORAGE FOR LACTATING COWS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. McKNIGHT ◽  
G. K. MacLEOD
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Whole Plant

Lactating Holstein cows fed either whole plant faba bean silage or grass–legume silage as sole forage produced similar yields of milk of comparable composition. Dry matter intake and body weight gain were greater for cattle fed faba bean silage, but apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein and energy, and proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids were similar.

scholarly journals Excretions of Urinary Creatinine on Young and Mature Kacang Goat under Different Feeding Levels

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Nurul Mukminah ◽  
Edy Rianto ◽  
Endang Purbowati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Creatinine ◽  
Feeding Level

Abstract. This study was aimed to examine the excretion of urinary creatinine in young and mature Kacang goat bucks under different feeding levels. This study used 16 Kacang goat bucks consisting of 2 groups of age, i.e. eight young bucks (aged 6-7 months, weighed 12.75±2.68 kg) and 8 mature bucks (age 9-12 months, weighed 17.34±3.32 kg). The bucks were fed pelleted complete feed containing 78.82% dry matter (DM), 18.80% crude protein (CP), and 76.29% total digestible nutrients (TDN). The bucks were allocated into a 2x2 nested design with four replications. The treatment was the amount of  2.24% dry matter intake  (T1) and 4.48% of body weight (BW) (T2) for the young goat, while the mature buck was 1.87% and 3.74%, respectively. The results showed that DM, CP and TDN intake were significant different across ages and highly significantly different between feeding levels. Changes of urinary creatinine from week 0–12 showed no differences in the age group (142 mg/dl) and feeding level (143 mg/dl). Conclusively, age and feed level affected body weight, feed intake and creatinine excretion of Kacang Goat.  The more body weight gain (age) and feed level, the more urinal creatinine excretion in male Kacang goat. Key words: Kacang goat, ages, feeding level, and creatinine Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kadar kreatinin pada kambing Kacang muda dan dewasa dengan jumlah pemberian pakan yang berbeda. Materi berupa 16 ekor kambing Kacang jantan, terdiri dari 8 ekor umur muda (6-7 bulan) dan 8 ekor umur dewasa (9-12 bulan). Pakan komplit yang diberikan memiliki kandungan bahan kering (BK) 78,82%, protein kasar (PK) 18,80%, dan total digestible nutrients (TDN) 76,29%. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah pola tersarang 2x2 dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan pakan berupa jumlah BK pakan yang diberikan yaitu 2,24% bobot badan (BB) (T1) dan 4,48% BB (T2) untuk kambing muda, sedangkan kambing dewasa sebesar 1,87% BB (T1) dan 3,74% BB (T2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi BK, PK dan TDN berbeda nyata pada kelompok umur dan berbeda sangat nyata pada perlakuan pakan. Kadar kreatinin pada minggu ke 0-6 tidak berbeda nyata, namun pada minggu ke 12 berbeda nyata baik kelompok umur maupun akibat perlakuan pakan. Perubahan kadar kreatinin dari minggu ke 0-12 menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak nyata pada kelompok umur dan perlakuan pakan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kadar kreatinin semakin meningkat dengan semakin meningkatnya bobot badan (umur) dan pakan ternak. Kata kunci : kambing Kacang, umur, level pakan, dan kreatinin

scholarly journals Digestive parameters during gestation of Holstein heifers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Marcela Vieira Pereira ◽  
Marcos Inácio Marcondes ◽  
Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
Joel Caton ◽  
Anna Luiza Lacerda Sguizzato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

AbstractOur objective was to estimate nutrient intake, ruminal flow, total apparent and ruminal digestibility, rates of passage and digestion, ruminal and omasal pH, blood metabolite concentrations, and body measurements during gestation of Holstein heifers. Eleven pregnant Holstein heifers, 8 of which fitted with a rumen cannula (450 ± 27.6 kg of body weight and 20 ± 3.5 months of initial age) were used. All heifers received the same diet composed of corn silage, soybean meal, corn meal, minerals and vitamins, with a corn silage:concentrate ratio of 50:50 (on a dry matter basis), aiming an average daily gain of approximately 1.0 kg. The sampling periods were established according to the days of gestation: 145, 200, and 255 with a duration of 10 days per period. Total fecal samples were collected to estimate dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility. Blood samples were collected to analyze metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, urea, and glucose). Data were analyzed as a repeated measurements scheme, using MIXED procedure, with differences declared when P < 0.05. Dry matter intake expressed in kg/day increased from d-145 to d-200, and remaining stable until d-255 of gestation. The same results were observed for organic matter and crude protein intake, increasing 15.0 and 35.8% respectively. In contrast, when dry matter intake was evaluated as % body weight, we observed a decrease of 16.7% from d-200 to d-255. Days of gestation did not influence ruminal flow of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber. We observed an increase in the ruminal digestibility of neutral detergent fiber by 20.5%. The apparent total-tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein changed over days of gestation, with an increase of 11.9, 8.5, and 9.8%, respectively, when comparing d-145 with d-200. The rate of digestion of neutral detergent fiber increased from 2.0 to 3.5% h-1. Glucose levels decreased, while β-hydroxybutirate and non-esterified fatty acids increased from d-145 to d-255. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a reduction in dry matter intake in % body weight due to pregnancy. It also shows an increase in total apparent digestibility through gestation, which imply a greater efficiency of use of nutrients by pregnant animals. Thus, further research is still needed to consolidate such results and to elucidate the mechanism about nutrient usage during the final third of gestation in heifers.

EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL HAY ON CONSUMPTION OF LOW AND MEDIUM DRY MATTER CORN SILAGE BY HIGH-PRODUCING DAIRY COWS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. WALDERN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Daily Body Weight

The effects of supplementing low (23.9%) dry matter (DM) and medium (28.9%) DM corn silage roughage rations fed ad libitum to high-producing dairy cows, with orchard grass hay at 0.7% of their body weight on milk production and composition, was determined in a double reversal feeding trial using 24 lactating cows. Cows fed medium DM corn silage consumed 15.2% more DM/100 kg body weight daily than those cows fed low DM silage (P < 0.05). Supplemental hay fed with either low or medium DM silage resulted in equal consumption of total forage DM/100 kg body weight by cows on the two treatments. Each kilogram of hay DM consumed by cows offered low DM corn silage reduced silage DM intake by 0.47 kg, whereas hay DM intake reduced silage DM intake by 0.79 kg for cows offered medium DM silage. Daily production of 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM), percent nonfat solids (SNF), and daily body weight gain were lower for cows consuming low DM corn silage than for those on the other treatments (P < 0.05). Cows consuming low DM corn silage plus orchard grass hay at 0.7% of their body weight produced milk at the same level and of similar protein, lactose, and SNF content as those fed medium DM silage plus hay. Supplemental hay fed with medium or low DM corn silage increased FCM production over feeding silage alone, independent of DM or moisture content of the silage fed (P < 0.05).

FACTORS INFLUENCING DRY MATTER INTAKE AND UTILIZATION OF CORN SILAGE BY LACTATING COWS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Fisher ◽  
V. S. Logan ◽  
L. S. Donovan ◽  
R. B. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Factors Influencing

Moisture content, hay supplementation and energy content of corn silages were studied as factors affecting dry matter (DM) intake and utilization by lactating cows. In experiment I, a two-week delay in date of harvest resulted in an increase in DM content of silage for the two varieties of corn, but this was associated with significantly greater (P < 005) DM intake and fat-corrected milk production for only the earlier-maturing variety (Pride 5). Harvest date had no influence on solids-not-fat (SNF) content of the milk or body weight, but silage from Pride 5 corn resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) higher SNF content and greater loss in body weight. In experiment II, feeding 4.7 kg of hay per day significantly reduced (P < 0.05) silage dry-matter intake and increased total ration dry-matter intake but did not change milk production or composition when compared with feeding 2.3 kg of hay per day. In experiment III, ear silage, stalk and leaf silage and hay were compared as a source of roughage for lactating cows. Total ration dry-matter intake was significantly greater (P < 0.05) for hay fed alone, but milk production was apparently higher when the ear silage was fed.

Seasonal variation in intake and digestion of a high-roughage diet by muskoxen

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Z. Adamczewski ◽  
P. F. Flood ◽  
R. K. Chaplin ◽  
J. A. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

We studied changes in body weight, intake, retention time and apparent digestibility of a supplemented brome-alfalfa hay by mature muskoxen held near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan during two seasonal cycles. Body weights and voluntary intake were monitored during 16 trials from late March 1990 to December 1991, in four annually breeding females and in three hysterectomized females. Retention time of the hay and apparent digestibility of the diet were estimated in winter and summer 1991 from fecal excretion of chromium (Cr) after a pulse dose of Cr-mordanted hay, and from forage/fecal concentrations of chromic oxide, respectively, in six non-breeding muskoxen. Mean (±SE) body weights of breeding females were greatest in February and March (248 ± 5 kg) and lowest following calving in late May or early June (216 ± 6 kg), while mean weight of hysterectomized females declined little from a peak of 228 ± 21 kg in February-March to a low of 213 ± 21 kg in July. Mean dry matter intake of breeding females was highest in July and August (62 ± 3.6 g d−1 kg−0.75) then declined slowly to its lowest point in March and April (41 ± 0.7 g d−1 kg−0.75). Dry matter intake of hysterectomized cows was less clearly seasonal but averaged 42 ± 1.7 g d−1 kg−0.75 in late winter and 50 ± 4.9 g d−1 kg−0.75 in mid-summer. Mean retention time of hay, calculated using a noncompartmental model, declined significantly from 114 ± 4 h in March to 95 ± 4 h in July. Apparent organic matter digestibility decreased significantly from 73.8 ± 0.8% in winter to 61.7 ± 1.3% in summer. Compared with other ruminants, muskoxen are grazers exceptionally well-suited to digesting graminoid forage, with relatively low maintenance requirements and prolonged retention times. Most of the seasonal changes in weight and intake of breeding females could be ascribed to reproductive cost, but there also appeared to be seasonal effects on intake, retention time and body weight in non-breeding muskoxen. Key words: Digestibility, intake, maintenance requirements, muskoxen, retention time, seasonal variation

scholarly journals Volatile Fatty Acids in Ruminal Fluid Can Be Used to Predict Methane Yield of Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Richard O. Williams ◽  
Murray. C. Hannah ◽  
Joe L. Jacobs ◽  
William J. Wales ◽  
Peter J. Moate
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Wide Range

The dry matter intake (DMI) of forage-fed cattle can be used to predict their methane emissions. However, many cattle are fed concentrate-rich diets that decrease their methane yield. A range of equations predicting methane yield exist, but most use information that is generally unavailable when animals are fed in groups or grazing. The aim of this research was to develop equations based on proportions of ruminal volatile-fatty-acids to predict methane yield of dairy cows fed forage-dominant as well as concentrate-rich diets. Data were collated from seven experiments with a total of 24 treatments, from 215 cows. Forage in the diets ranged from 440 to 1000 g/kg. Methane was measured either by open-circuit respiration chambers or a sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) technique. In all experiments, ruminal fluid was collected via the mouth approximately four hours after the start of feeding. Seven prediction equations were tested. Methane yield (MY) was equally best predicted by the following equations: MY = 4.08 × (acetate/propionate) + 7.05; MY = 3.28 × (acetate + butyrate)/propionate + 7.6; MY = 316/propionate + 4.4. These equations were validated against independent published data from both dairy and beef cattle consuming a wide range of diets. A concordance of 0.62 suggests these equations may be applicable for predicting methane yield from all cattle and not just dairy cows, with root mean-square error of prediction of 3.0 g CH4/kg dry matter intake.

Intake and digestibility of fatty acids in late-lactating dairy cows fed flaxseed hulls supplemented with monensin

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Côrtes ◽  
Daniele da Silva-Kazama ◽  
Ricardo Kazama ◽  
Chaouki Benchaar ◽  
Lucia M Zeoula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Flaxseed hull, a co-product obtained from flax processing, is a rich source of n−3 fatty acids but there is little information on digestibility of its nutrients by dairy cows. Four rumen-cannulated multiparous Holstein cows averaging 665±21 kg of body weight and 190±5 d in milk at the beginning of the experiment were assigned to a 4×4 Latin square design with four 28-d experimental periods to determine the effects of feeding monensin and flaxseed hulls on total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients and fatty acids. The four treatments were: (1) diet CO: control with neither flaxseed hulls nor monensin added; (2) diet FH containing 19·8 g flaxseed hulls/100 g dry matter (DM); (3) diet MO with 16 mg monensin/kg DM; (4) diet HM containing 19·8 g flaxseed hulls/100 g DM and 16 mg monensin/kg DM. Diets provided similar amounts of protein and net energy of lactation. Digestibility of crude protein was higher for diets containing flaxseed hulls and for diets supplemented with monensin. Flaxseed hulls supplementation decreased digestibility of acid and neutral detergent fibre. Significantly higher digestibility of ether extract and individual fatty acids was observed for treatments with flaxseed hulls compared with treatments without flaxseed hulls. A combination of flaxseed hulls and monensin did not result in better fatty acid digestibility than when feeding only flaxseed hulls.

THE INVESTIGATION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE OR BENTONITE AS SUPPLEMENTS IN SILAGES FED TO LACTATING COWS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
V. G. MACKAY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows

Two experiments with lactating Holsteins were carried out to determine the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or bentonite, added to silage prior to feeding, as a means of increasing dry matter intake. In the first trials the feed, consisting of 10% grain mixture, 45% grass silage and 45% corn silage, was supplemented with 0, 0.6 or 1.2% bentonite in a 3 × 3 latin square utilizing 12 cows and 28-day test periods. Neither level of bentonite improved dry matter intake or milk yield. Milk composition, molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids, plasma calcium and phosphorus were not influenced by additions of bentonite. Apparent dry matter digestibility was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by the addition of bentonite at the 0.6 and 1.2% levels compared to the cows fed the unsupplemented ration. The digestibility of acid detergent fiber was lower (P < 0.05) for cows fed the silage mixture supplemented with 1.2% bentonite than for the controls. In the second trial a silage mixture consisting of approximately 30% grass silage and 70% corn silage was supplemented with either 0.8% NaHCO3, 2.1% bentonite or neither and fed in a 3 × 3 latin square utilizing 15 cows and 28-day treatment periods. Compared to control cows, neither NaHCO3 nor bentonite had any significant (P > 0.05) influence on dry matter intake, milk yield or rumen fermentation. However, the addition of NaHCO3 to the silage improved milk yield and feed conversion (P < 0.05) when compared to cows fed the silage supplemented with bentonite. It was concluded from these trials that bentonite should not be used as a supplement to silage diets fed to lactating cows. The results suggested that NaHCO3 supplementation had little if any beneficial effect when grass silage made up approximately 30% of the total diet. Key words: NaHCO3, bentonite, lactating cows, silage intake, digestibility

Effects of plants containing secondary metabolites as feed additives on rumen metabolites and methanogen diversity of buffaloes

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Samal ◽  
L. C. Chaudhary ◽  
N. Agarwal ◽  
D. N. Kamra
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Pooled Samples

Four fistulated adult Murrah buffaloes were fed on a basal diet consisting of wheat straw and concentrate mixture in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to study the effects of feeding plants containing secondary metabolites on rumen metabolites and methanogen diversity. The four groups were Control (no additive), Mix-1 (ajwain oil and lemon grass oil in a 1 : 1 ratio @ 0.05% of dry matter intake), Mix-2 (garlic and soapnut in a 2 : 1 ratio @ 2% of dry matter intake) and Mix-3 (garlic, soapnut, harad and ajwain in a 2 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio @ 1% of dry matter intake). In each phase of 30 days’ duration, after 19 days of feeding, rumen liquor was sampled for two consecutive days at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h post-feeding, whereas rumen content was sampled at 0 h feeding. The pH of the rumen liquor was recorded at every collection and then the rumen liquor of every collection was pooled day-wise and animal-wise. These pooled samples were used for estimation of rumen metabolites like ammonia, lactic acid and volatile fatty acids. Microscopic counting of protozoa was done in both 0 h and pooled samples of rumen liquor. Rumen contents collected from different locations of rumen were processed for enzyme estimation. The rumen contents were squeezed and the liquid portion was used for DNA isolation, which was further processed to determine methanogen diversity. Daily intake of feed was similar (P > 0.05) in all the four groups. The ammonia-N concentration and ciliate protozoa population were reduced significantly in the treatment groups supplemented with additives. Rumen pH, lactic acid, volatile fatty acids and enzyme activities were not affected (P > 0.05) by feeding of any of these additives. Methanogenic diversity comparison was made between the Control and Mix-1 group. The basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analysis of the 133 (44 from the Control group and 89 from the Mix-1 group) sequences showed similarity of the sequences of rumen archaea by up to 97% to the known sequences of rumen methanogens. The sequences with minimum length of 750 bp were selected for phylogenetic analysis. Per cent identity of these sequences with that of the available nearest neighbour as calculated by MEGA 5.03 software showed identity of the clones in the range of 88–97%. The clones were similar with Methanobrevibacter smithii ATCC 35061, uncultured Methanobrevibacter sp. clone MEME95 and M. ruminantium M1. Overall, feeding of any of these feed additives to fistulated buffaloes did not affect feed intake, rumen pH, or rumen metabolites except ammonia and enzyme profile. Methanogen diversity showed the possibility of Methanobrevibacter as the major methanogen in buffalo rumen liquor.

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