FEEDING VALUE FOR BEEF STEERS OF CORN SILAGE AS AFFECTED BY HARVEST DATES AND FROST

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. CALDER ◽  
J. E. LANGILLE ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Whole Plants

An experiment was conducted in 3 consecutive yr with corn grown each year on a field from which silage was made of corn harvested at different dates before and after freezing. Yields of green and dry weight were recorded at each harvest. Individual whole plants and plant parts were evaluated for dry matter (DM), total nitrogen, total available carbohydrates and in vitro digestibility of DM. Animal gains, feed consumption and carcass grades were determined by feeding the silages to yearling Hereford steers and DM digestibility determined with sheep. The total yield and contribution of the ear increased from the first to the second harvesting date. The in vivo digestibility of DM of the silages declined between the second and final harvests in all years as did animal gain in years 1 and 3. The in vitro digestibility appeared to underestimate the effect of frost on the in vivo digestibility of silage made with corn. When the silages were fed to steers, they consumed more dry matter per day from that harvested on the intermediate date than from either the early or late date. Higher carcass grades occurred when the steers were fed corn harvested at the intermediate dates. The results of these experiments show clearly that corn which has been heavily frozen will loose dry matter and feeding value if left standing in the field for a period of time; however, corn harvested soon after freezing is not as seriously affected.

THE IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF PLANT PARTS OF ORCHARDGRASS CLONES WITH ADVANCING STAGES OF MATURITY

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Mowat ◽  
B. R. Christie ◽  
J. E. Winch
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Early Maturing

The in vitro dry matter digestibility (I.V.D.) of the stem and total leaf fractions of four orchardgrass clones was similar at the preheading stage. Even at 100% head emergence, differences in I.V.D. between stems and living leaves were not great with the early-maturing clones. However, wide differences existed between the values for stems and living leaves in mature plants. Heads were only slightly higher than stems in digestibility.Leaf digestibility was lower for those leaves dead or even partially dead. Nevertheless, in mature plants, dead leaves were higher in I.V.D. than heads or stems. Large differences occurred among clones in stem digestibility. However, the variability among clones in leaf digestibility was small.

Relationship between intake of silage and its chemical composition and in vitro digestibility

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Brown ◽  
JC Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Lactic Acids

Twenty experimental silages were made from seven pasture species at different stages of maturity. In vivo dry matter, organic matter, and energy ad libitum intakes and digestibilities of the silages were determined with standardized pairs of Merino wethers. The following chemical characteristics of the silages were measured: nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total titratable acids, acetic, propionic, butyric, and lactic acids, total volatiles lost during oven drying, lactic acid as a percentage of the total organic acids, pH, acid pepsin dry matter disappearance, dry matter content, and in vitro digestibility and rate of digestion. When all 20 silages were considered, energy intakes on a body weight basis were significantly related to silage pH (r = 0.55) and rate of in vitro digestion (r = 0.58). When the five legume silages were removed from the analysis and only the 15 grass-dominant silages were considered, dry matter intakes were significantly related to acetic (r = –0.57) and propionic acid (r = –0.55) concentrations. Multiple regression analyses did not significantly increase the accuracy of predicting intake. The results suggested that silage intake was negatively related to the degree of fermentation that occurred during the ensiling process.

Differences between the in vitro digestibility of extrusa collected from oesophageal fistulated steers and the forage consumed

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Coates ◽  
Robert J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
C3 Grasses

In a study that included C4 tropical grasses, C3 temperate grasses and C3 pasture legumes, in vitro dry matter digestibility of extrusa, measured as in vitro dry matter loss (IVDML) during incubation, compared with that of the forage consumed, was greater for grass extrusa but not for legume extrusa. The increase in digestibility was not caused by mastication or by the freezing of extrusa samples during storage but by the action of saliva. Comparable increases in IVDML were achieved merely by mixing bovine saliva with ground forage samples. Differences were greater than could be explained by increases due to completely digestible salivary DM. There was no significant difference between animals in relation to the saliva effect on IVDML and, except for some minor differences, similar saliva effects on IVDML were measured using either the pepsin–cellulase or rumen fluid–pepsin in vitro techniques. For both C4 and C3 grasses the magnitude of the differences were inversely related to IVDML of the feed and there was little or no difference between extrusa and feed at high digestibilities (>70%) whereas differences of more than 10 percentage units were measured on low quality grass forages. The data did not suggest that the extrusa or saliva effect on digestibility was different for C3 grasses than for C4 grasses but data on C3 grasses were limited to few species and to high digestibility samples. For legume forages there was no saliva effect when the pepsin–cellulase method was used but there was a small but significant positive effect using the rumen fluid–pepsin method. It was concluded that when samples of extrusa are analysed using in vitro techniques, predicted in vivo digestibility of the feed consumed will often be overestimated, especially for low quality grass diets. The implications of overestimating in vivo digestibility and suggestions for overcoming such errors are discussed.

Prediction of Digestibility and Intake of Sheep Fed Leguminosae or GRAMINAE Hays: Comparison Between the in Vitro Digestibility, Kinetics of Gas Production or Dry Matter Degradation

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
M.T. Dentinho ◽  
K. Khazaal ◽  
J.M. Ribeiro ◽  
E.R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Kinetics Of

By using separated values of kinetics of in situ dry matter (DM) degradation or in vitro gas production (Menke and Steingass, 1988) of leguminosae hays, Khazaal et al, (1993) reported high correlation with intake (r= 0.88; r= 0.79) and in vivo DM digestibility (DMD) (r= 0.94; r= 0.88). The aim of the present study was to extend the range of samples used and compare the ability of the 2 stages in vitro digestibility (Tilley and Terry, 1963), the in situ DM degradation or the gas production techniques to predict daily intake (g DM/ kgW0.75) and in vivo DM digestibility (DMD) of 19 leguminous and graminaceous hays fed to sheep.Three harvesting stages (early bloom EB, mid bloom MB or in seed IS) made from lucerne (Medicago sativa), sweet clover (Melilotus segetalis), Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum), Rye (Secale cereale), Triticale (Triticale hexaploid), oat (Avena stativa) and a pre-bloom (PB) Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum ). Each hay was fed ad libitum to 4 Merino male sheep and their intake and in vivo DMD recorded. Gas production (ml/ 200 mg DM) or in situ DM degradation (g/ 100 g DM) were determined as described by Khazaal et al, (1993) after 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 or 96 h incubation. Measured gas production or DM degradation values were fitted to the equation p=a+b(l-e-ct)(McDonald, 1981) where p is gas production or DM degradation at time t and a, b and c are constants. For nylon bag the washing loss (soluble fraction) was defined as A, the insoluble but fermentable matter was defined as B=(a+b)-A, and c is the rate of fermentation or degradation (Ørskov and Ryle, 1990).

scholarly journals Senna spectabilis FRUIT ON HAIR LAMBS FEEDING: DIGESTIBILITY, BLOOD METABOLITES, AND RUMINAL KINETIC

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Bonilla-Trujillo ◽  
Jairo Andrés Pardo-Guzman ◽  
Román David Castañeda-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

Abstract In recent years sheep, farming has emerged as an alternative production system especially in dry areas. The use of leaves and fruit from some trees has become an alternative for feeding for ruminants; however, studies on these species are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of S. spectabilis fruit meal on in vivo and in vitro digestibility, blood metabolites, and ruminal kinetics in hair lambs. This study was carried out at Las Brisas farm, University of Tolima - Colombia. Twelve male hair lambs with body weight of 20.3 ± 2.5 kg were used. Animals were distributed in an experimental 4x4 Latin square design. The treatments consisted of diets based on Dichanthium spp hay with different inclusion levels of S. spectabilis fruit meal (15, 30, and 45%). A linear increasing effect (P <0.05) was observed for in vivo and in vitro digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein; likewise, plasma urea and ruminal degradability increased as the level of supplementation of S. spectabilis increased. The meal of S. spectabilis improves digestibility, protein intake, and ruminal kinetics in hair lambs; therefore, it is suggested as a promising alternative for ruminants feeding in dry tropic regions.

scholarly journals Ethnomedicinal Evaluation of Medicinal Plants Used against Gastrointestinal Complaints

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash Tariq ◽  
Sakina Mussarat ◽  
Muhammad Adnan ◽  
E. F. Abd_Allah ◽  
Abeer Hashem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Informant Consensus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complaints ◽  
Whole Plants

Aim of the present study was to document ethnomedicinal plants used against gastrointestinal complaints in five selected remote regions of Pakistan and to select potential medicinal plants for furtherin vitroandin vivoinvestigation. Data on ethnomedicinal plants and ethnographic profile of respondents was documented using semistructured questionnaires. The present study revealed utilization of 52 medicinal plants for the treatment of different gastrointestinal infections in studied regions. Apiaceae was the most dominant family reported to be used for the treatment of these infections (4 plants). Among all the plant parts fruit (24%), whole plants and leaves (23% each) were the most preferred plant parts used by the healers. Dosage of recipe was found to be related with the age of the patient. Highest degree of informant consensus was reported for vomiting, nausea (0.92 each), abdominal pain (0.9), and diarrhea (0.89).Withania coagulansscored highest FL value (86%) followed byMentha longifoliaandMelia azadirachtaranked second with FL value (75% each). Young generation was found to possess little traditional knowledge about utilizing plant recipes against these infections. Plants with high Fic and FL values should be subjected for further phytochemical and pharmacological investigation for scientific validation.

scholarly journals YIELD POTENTIAL OF TWO COWPEA CULTIVARS GROWN FOR A CUT AND CARRY FORAGE SYSTEM IN MID-MISSOURI

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117c-1117
Author(s):  
Paige Hanning ◽  
Dyremple B. Marsh ◽  
Helen Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Main Plot

The use of cowpea as a forage for Central Missouri has been limited. High mid summer temperatures and frequent drought suggest that an alternative forage for livestock may be advantageous during the hot summer months. The ability of cowpea to withstand drought, high temperature and maintain high foliage protein, justifies research of the forage potential of this crop. Forage yield potential of two cowpea cultivars was evaluated in field experiments in 1968 and 1989, For both years a split plot experimental design was utilized with cowpea cultivar the main plot and harvest date the subplot Dry matter yields for both cultivars were similar at the early harvest dates. However, both fresh and dry shoot yields of Vita 3 (V3) were significantly higher than that of California Blackeye #5 (CB #5) at the later harvest stages. CB #5 plants produced a significantly higher stem dry weight while V3 produced higher leaf dry matter. Foliage regrowth after clipping was substantial for both cowpea cultivars. However, V3 produced 30% higher growth than CB #5. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDDM) varied with sample date (plant age) and plant parts sampled. IVDDM was 77% for leaves and 60% for stems of CB#5, and 80% for leaves and 65% for stems of V3.

Nutritive evaluation of two strains of mature subterranean clover

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
ID Hume ◽  
M Somers ◽  
NR McKeown
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the in vivo and in vitro digestibility of leguminous herbage was examined. Further studies were made using in vivo-in vitro digestibility estimations to compare the nutritive value to sheep of two strains (Yarloop and Woogenellup) of subterranean clover. The digestibilities of the main component parts (viz. stem, petiole, leaf, and burr) of the plants of each strain were also estimated in vitro. Digestibility differences between strains and between parts were examined on the basis of the chemical composition of their dry matter. Woogenellup was significantly more digestible than Yarloop, both in vivo and in vitro. Voluntary intake of Woogenellup was also significantly greater than that of Yarloop. The in vitro digestibility of stem did not differ significantly from that of petiole. Nor did the digestibility of leaf differ significantly from that of burr. However, the digestibility of stem and petiole together was greater than that of leaf and burr together. These findings are discussed in relation to their possible biological significance.

EFFECTS OF DATES OF SEEDING AND LEVELS OF N FERTILIZATION ON YIELDS, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF FORAGE KALE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
J. P. F. DARISSE ◽  
E. DONEFER
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.) was seeded on three dates and fertilized at different levels of N as NH4NO3 for 3 yr. The highest dry matter (DM) yield was obtained with the earliest date of seeding and with levels of N fertilization of 120 kg/ha. The yield of crude protein (CP) was relatively constant among years, for the different dates of seeding and for N fertilization above 120 kg/ha. Increasing N fertilization or delaying seeding increased the leaf:stem ratio, and consequently the CP content. The levels of NO3-N in stems, leaves and whole plants were at an acceptable level for safe feeding. The cellulose, crude fiber, Ca and P contents were not affected greatly either by the dates of seeding or by the levels of N fertilization. The in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) was not affected markedly by any treatment.

Selecting for nutritive value in Digitaria milanjiana. 2. Intake and digestibility of divergently selected full-sibs compared with Digitaria decumbens

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Minson ◽  
JB Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Significant Comparison ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Better Than

We compare the voluntary intake and digestibility of 6 genotypes selected from 3 F1 families of Digitaria milanjiana for high or low leaf digestibility, and D. decumbens (pangola grass). Swards were harvested on 6 occasions (4 by 4-week regrowths, 1 by 10-week and 1 by 14-week regrowth) and fed to sheep in metabolism cages. Averaged over families and regrowths, high digestibility selections were significantly superior to low digestibility selections in digestibility, voluntary dry matter intake and intake of metabolisable energy. There was a large range in leafiness of the genotypes. Correlations between leafiness and in vivo digestibility, dry matter (DM) intake and intake of metabolisable energy were positive and statistically significant. Comparison of full-sibs at the same percentage stem (80 and 100%) suggested a higher DM intake, digestibility and intake of metabolisable energy of stem from genotypes selected for high leaf digestibility. Averaged over harvests, none of the selected genotypes was significantly superior to pangola grass in digestibility but all were superior in DM intake and 5 in intake of metabolisable energy. The best selected genotype was 35% better than pangola grass in terms of intake of metabolisable energy. Differences in in vitro digestibility of young leaves from vegetative tillers of full sibs, the characteristic on which the genotypes had been selected, were maintained under sward conditions, although differences were reduced.

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