FEEDING VALUE FOR FINISHING STEERS AND HOLSTEIN MALE CALVES OF WHOLE DRIED CORN AND OF WHOLE AND ROLLED HIGH MOISTURE ACID-TREATED CORN

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. MACLEOD ◽  
D. N. MOWAT ◽  
R. A. CURTIS
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Feeding Value

Three experiments were conducted (1) to compare the feeding value of dried shelled corn and acid-treated high moisture (HM) corn and (2) to determine the effects of rolling acid-treated HM corn for all-concentrate diets fed to finishing beef-type cattle and to growing and finishing Holstein male calves. In a 120-day finishing period, Hereford and Hereford × Charolais steers performed similarly with respect to gain, feed efficiency, carcass measurements and grade on whole dried corn and on whole and rolled acid-treated HM corn. No health problems occurred during the feeding trial in which gains averaged 1.49 kg per day. The performance of Holstein male calves fed from a starting weight of 95 kg to 385 kg also demonstrated that acid-treated HM corn was comparable in feeding value to dried shelled corn. While growth of calves on whole and rolled HM corn was similar (1.24 kg/day), four calves receiving rolled HM corn were lost from the experiment due to acute bloat, laminitis and peritonitis. One calf fed whole dried corn had peritonitis and was also removed from the experiment. Incidence of liver abscesses among cattle completing the trials was 28 and 26% for beef-type and Holstein cattle, respectively. Rumen abnormalities, i.e. clumping of papillae, ulceration of rumen epithelium and accumulation of hair, were evident in calves on all treatments. Rolling of HM corn did not improve digestibility of dry matter (P > 0.05), and percentage of whole kernels in feces of steers fed whole dried or whole HM corn was low (0.45 and 0.32%, respectively).

INFLUENCE OF METHODS OF CONSERVATION ON FEEDING VALUE OF HIGH MOISTURE BARLEY FED TO DAIRY STEERS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL FLIPOT ◽  
GHISLAIN PELLETIER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Daily Gain

Thirty-two Holstein steers averaging 369 kg were used to evaluate the feeding value of high moisture barley (HMB). The HMB was harvested at 74.8–77.8% dry matter and ensiled whole in a concrete silo, or was treated with paraformaldehyde or organic acid mixture (propionic 80%, acetic 15% and benzoic acids 5%), and stored on a barn floor. Dry barley (DB) was harvested from the same field at a moisture level of 13.4%. Steers were fed barley ad libitum plus grass silage at the rate of 1.0% of body weight. At feeding, the dry matter content of the DB and HMB was higher than at harvesting. Total nitrogen was higher (P < 0.05) in ensiled HMB and paraformaldehyde-treated HMB compared to DB and organic-acid-mixture-treated HMB. Soluble nitrogen was reduced (P < 0.05) by the paraformaldehyde treatment. Cellulose was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by any treatments. Daily gain, dry matter intake, feed efficiency, rib eye area, fat over 12th rib, 12th rib fat, bone and muscle were not influenced (P > 0.05) by the different treatments. Carcass yields were significantly (P < 0.05) higher for steers fed DB and ensiled HMB compared to those fed paraformaldehyde- and organic-acid-treated HMB.

FEEDING VALUE FOR BEEF AND DAIRY CATTLE OF HIGH MOISTURE CORN PRESERVED WITH PROPIONIC ACID

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. FORSYTH ◽  
D. N. MOWAT ◽  
J. B. STONE
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Wet Weight

Two trials with growing-finishing steers and one trial with lactating dairy cows were conducted to evaluate the feeding value of high moisture (HM) corn preserved with 1.5% propionic acid on a wet weight basis. Combining all treatments, acid-treated HM corn was 9% more efficient (P < 0.05) for weight gains than dry corn. Ensiled HM corn also tended to be utilized more efficiently by steers than dry corn when no fat was included in the ration. However, in the second steer trial, acid-treated reconstituted HM corn was comparable in performance with dry corn. Addition of 4% tallow tended to improve feed efficiency by 5–6% with dry or acid-treated HM corn, but to decrease feed efficiency with ensiled HM corn. No significant differences were observed in forage dry matter intake, milk production, or milk composition with cows fed treated HM corn compared with dry corn. However, a trend for a slight reduction in milk fat percent occurred with the treated corn ration.

scholarly journals Impact of a phytogenic feed additive on growth performance, feed intake, and carcass traits of finishing steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1162-1172
Author(s):  
Tassilo Brand ◽  
Martin Hünerberg ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Maolong He ◽  
Atef M Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
Finishing Steers

Abstact: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a phytogenic feed additive (Digestarom [DA]; Biomin, Getzersdorf, Austria) on growth performance, feed intake, carcass traits, fatty acid composition, and liver abscesses of finishing steers. One hundred twenty Angus × Charolais crossbred steers (488 ± 26.5 kg) were used in a 110-d feeding experiment. Steers were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to 12 pens with 10 steers per pen. Each pen was allocated to one of three diets. Each diet contained 86.5% barley, 10.0% barley silage, and 3.5% vitamin and mineral supplement on a dry matter (DM) basis. The diets contained 0, 0.05, and 0.1 g DA/kg complete diet (DM basis), to achieve average daily DA intakes of 0 (control), 0.5 (LowDA), and 1.0 g (HighDA) per steer. Diets were prepared once daily and provided ad libitum. Two pens per treatment were equipped to record individual feed intake behavior. Steers were weighed every 28 d and carcass traits and liver scores were recorded at slaughter. Dry matter intake (average: 9.34 kg/d) did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) among diets. Average daily gain tended to increase linearly as DA increased (control: 1.82; LowDA: 1.87; and HighDA: 1.95 kg/d; P &lt; 0.09), but gain:feed ratio was not affected. Supplementation of DA affected longissimus muscle area quadratically (P = 0.05) with the largest area observed for LowDA. However, dressing percentage decreased linearly in response to increasing level of DA (P &lt; 0.01). Total abscessed livers were not affected, whereas proportion of severe liver abscesses was numerically lower with DA (30.8% and 42.5% for LowDA and HighDA) compared to the control (50%).

scholarly journals 389 Effects of energy source on performance and carcass characteristics in hair lambs finished in feedlot

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
Roman Castañeda-Serrano ◽  
Fabian Gutierrez-Oviedo ◽  
Marcela Diaz-Cristancho ◽  
Jairo Pardo-Guzman ◽  
Paula Lozano-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different energy sources on performance, and carcass characteristics in hair lambs finished in feedlots. Twenty-eight hair lambs with an initial body weight (BW) 20.8 ± 3.01, were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments included with seven lambs per treatment. The dietary treatments included an energy source included at 18% Dry matter: S. spectabilis flour (SF), palm kernel (PK), corn bran (CB) and rice bran (RB) in a diet based in corn silage, ground corn, soybean meal formulated to 13.0% PC and 2.6 Mcal/Kg of DM. The feeding trial was performed for 13 weeks. Water was allowed ad libitum. Animals were slaughtered after the feeding trial, and the carcasses were kept at 4°C for 24 h under Colombian standard guidelines. Data were analyzed by using the ANOVA procedure, SAS version 9.1 to perform a randomized complete experiment with four diets. For each studied variable, the mean and standard error of the mean (SEM) were calculated and differences between means were evaluated Using Tukey′s Test (P ≤ 0.05). Final body weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, hot dressing carcass (%), and cold dressing weight (%) were not different between the four treatments (P &gt; 0.05). Dry matter intake was superior to the S. spectabilis flour (P &lt; 0,001). Feed efficiency was higher in the CB and RB treatments (P &lt; 0,05). These results indicate that the inclusion of S. spectabilis and palm kernel could improve the dry matter intake and corn bran and rice bran the feed efficiency without effects on carcass characteristics

INFLUENCE OF HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY ON THE PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF FEEDLOT CATTLE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. KENNELLY ◽  
G. W. MATHISON ◽  
G. de BOER
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Daily Gain

Three factorial experiments were conducted to determine the relative feeding value of dry barley (DB) and high-moisture barley (HMB), and to evaluate the influence of method of ensiling (Pit vs. Harvestore® (HAV) silo), source of roughage (hay vs. silage), and level of concentrate (90 vs. 75%) on the performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. In exp. 1, 252 steers (initial wt 357 kg) were assigned on the basis of weight to six treatments (two pens × 21 animals per pen). A mixed diet consisting of 85.2% barley grain (dry matter (DM) basis) was offered free choice. The barley portion of the ration consisted of either 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% DB with the balance being HMB from a pit silo. The sixth treatment consisted of feeding 100% HMB for the first 57 d and 100% DB for the remainder of the trial. Overall average daily gain (ADG) for steers fed 100% DB (1.70 kg d−1) was significantly higher than observed for animals fed 100, 75 or 50% HMB (1.46, 1.49 and 1.56 kg d−1, respectively). The kg of feed DM required per kg gain (FC) varied between 5.76 and 7.13 and was not (P > 0.05) influenced by treatment. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed in carcass characteristics. In exp. 2, 360 steers (initial wt 340 kg) were allotted on the basis of weight to six treatments designed to evaluate the effect of source (Pit vs. HAV) and level of HMB, in diets containing 10.2% silage, on animal performance. Overall ADG (1.11 – 1.17 kg d−1), FC (6.66 – 7.01) and carcass characteristics were similar (P > 0.05) for animals fed Pit HMB, HAV HMB and DB. In exp. 3, 264 weanling calves (initial wt 216 kg) were allotted on the basis of weight to six treatments which differed in type of barley (HMB vs. DB), source of roughage (hay vs. silage) and level of concentrate (75 vs. 90%; DM basis). The feeding period was 127 d. Daily gains varied between 0.78 and 0.91 kg d−1 and FC ranged from 6.40 to 7.10 and were not influenced (P > 0.05) by source of barley or source or level of roughage. While animals fed DB had significantly higher ADG than those fed HMB in exp. 1, the overall results from the three experiments indicate that on a DM basis HMB has similar feeding value to DB, and that there is no major difference between Pit and HAV-stored HMB for feedlot cattle. Key words: High moisture, barley, cattle, gain, feed conversion

Use of triticale silage in diets for growing steers

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. ZoBell ◽  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
D. F. Engstrom
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
Daily Gain

A total of 120 steers were fed either barley silage (BS) or triticale silage (TS) combined with barley (B) or high-moisture barley (HMB) grain, as a total mixed ration in a 2 × 2 factorial design with three replications. The barley and triticale yields were 9.8 and 8.7 t ha−1, respectively. No differences (P > 0.05) in weight, average daily gain, dry matter intake or feed efficiency were observed for treatments or interactions. TS can be used to replace BS at moderate levels in growing steer rations containing barley grain. Key words: Barley, triticale, silage, steers, performance

AMMONIA OR UREA TREATMENT OF WHOLE HIGH MOISTURE SHELLED CORN

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. MOWAT ◽  
P. McCAUGHEY ◽  
G. K. MACLEOD
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Ground Corn

Treatments of high moisture shelled corn were compared in diets containing approximately 60% (dry matter (DM) basis) corn silage. In an initial digestibility trial, treatments were: (1) ensiled, ground; (2) 1.5% (wt/wt) mixture of acetic: propionic acid, whole; (3) 2% (wt/wt DM basis) anhydrous ammonia, whole. Treatments were evaluated with six yearling steers in a double 3 × 3 latin square design. Urea was included in the ensiled and acid-treated corn diets to supply sufficient nitrogen. Ammoniating whole corn resulted in similar starch and energy digestibilities compared to ensiled ground corn. However, a large decrease in starch digestibility occurred with acid-treated whole corn. Digestibility of acid detergent fiber was greater (P < 0.05) with both ammoniated and acid-treated whole than ensiled ground corn. In a feedlot trial, two high moisture corn treatments compared were: (1) ensiled, ground; (2) 3.7% (wt/wt DM basis) urea, whole. Eighty Hereford yearling steers compared the two corn diets each with or without monensin. Temperatures rose steadily within bins plateauing approximately 21/2 wk after storage. The amount of urea that hydrolyzed to ammonia varied depending upon location within bins. A total of 1.4% DM loss occurred during storage. Urea-treatment tended to slightly reduce liveweight gain and feed efficiency. Monensin decreased intake (P < 0.05) and slightly improved feed efficiency (P > 0.05) with both types of corn. Effects of monensin on rumen VFA were similar with both corn diets. Type of corn had no effect on rumen VFA proportions.

DIGESTIBILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY OF POTATO STEAM PEEL BY PIGS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
P. M. SNODDON ◽  
P. R. DEAN
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
French Fry ◽  
Proteolytic Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Daily Gain

Potato steam peel is a by-product of the production of frozen french fry potatoes. As produced, it typically has 14% dry matter with 15% crude protein and 6% ash (dry matter basis) and a pH of 5.8. The starch is partially denatured and there is no proteolytic enzyme inhibitor activity. The feeding value of steam peel for pigs was evaluated through chemical analyses, a digestibility trial and a feeding trial. Its digestibility (%) by pigs was found to be dry matter 81.1 ± 2.8, crude protein 61.3 ± 3.7, organic matter 82.4 ± 3.0 and energy 76.8 ± 6.0. In the feeding trial carried out on a commercial hog finishing farm, feed consumption was markedly reduced when the steam peel was included at over 30% of the ration dry matter at the start of the trial. The inclusion of steam peel at 15, 20 or 25% of the ration dry matter reduced the average daily gain and feed efficiency (P < 0.05). However, it was concluded that potato steam peel can be used at up to 25% of the diet for growing fattening pigs with little detrimental effect on the level of animal performance. Key words: Potato, steam peel, pigs

THE FEEDING VALUE OF POTATO STEAM PEEL FOR GROWING-FINISHING PIGS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. VAN LUNEN ◽  
D. M. ANDERSON ◽  
A.-M. ST. LAURENT ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
P. R. DEAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Inclusion Level

Potato steam peel (SP) is a by-product of potato processing where the peel is removed after steaming. It typically contains 15 ± 3% dry matter, 16 ± 1% crude protein, 0.55 ±.05% lysine, 0% methionine/cystine and 6% ash (dry matter basis). Steaming effectively deactivates the proteolytic enzyme inhibitors and partially denatures the starch. SP was evaluated in a digestibility trial and at levels from 0 to 30% DM in two feeding trials. The digestibility (%) of SP by pigs was found to be 88.4 (DM), 80.1 (CP) and 86.1 (DE). In the first feeding trial diets containing levels of 0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% SP supplemented with methionine resulted in similar growth performance and carcass characteristics. In the second feeding trial, a comparison was made between a constant level of inclusion and an increase in inclusion level with age. Results showed no difference in growth performance or feed consumption among treatments. It is concluded that SP can be incorporated in diets for growing-finishing pigs at levels up to 30% DM. No change in performance resulted from increasing level of inclusion with age. Key words: Potato, steam peel, pigs, digestibility

PELLETED AND UNPELLETED ALL-CONCENTRATE RATIONS FOR FATTENING BEEF CATTLE

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-141
Author(s):  
W. K. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Feeding Value

A feeding trial and digestibility study were conducted with pelleted whole barley and dry rolled barley, in all-concentrate rations, for fattening steers. Steers receiving pelleted whole barley gained 0.2 lb more per day than those receiving dry rolled barley, and required less feed per 100 lb gain (757 vs. 791 lb, respectively).The chromic oxide technique was used in the digestibility study, and no significant (P > 0.05) differences in apparent dry matter or energy digestibility were observed between the dry rolled and pelleted whole barley. Apparent digestible energy values for dry rolled and pelleted whole barley were 1.440 and 1.413 Mcal per lb, respectively.Rumen pH, at various times after feeding, was slightly lower in steers receiving pelleted whole barley than in steers receiving dry rolled barley. The lowest average pH values (6.0 and 6.3 for steers receiving the pelleted and dry rolled barley, respectively) were observed at 3 hours after feeding. In vitro microbial activity of rumen contents, as measured by change in gas pressure, was affected very little by the barley preparation prior to feeding.A second steer feeding trial was conducted with whole pelleted and dry rolled barley and oats. When the barley and oats were pelleted small increases in average weight gains were observed. Average feed per 100 lb gain was approximately 9.7% less for pelleted barley and 11.8% less for pelleted oats than for these grains when fed in the dry rolled form. The oats and barley used in this trial showed average bushel weights of 39 and 49 lb, respectively, and the feeding value of oats was 91.4% of the value of barley on the basis of average daily gains, and 94.9% on the basis of feed required per 100 lb gain.

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