PLASMA PROGESTERONE LEVELS IN CYCLING AND GONADOTROPHIN–PROSTAGLANDIN-TREATED HEIFERS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. RAJAMAHENDRAN ◽  
P. C. LAGUË ◽  
R. D. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Peak Level ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
The Mean

Progesterone levels were estimated by radioimmunoassay in blood samples obtained by venipuncture on the day of estrus and every alternate day until the onset of the next estrus in eight cycling dairy heifers. The mean level of progesterone was < 1 ng/ml during the first 2 days of the cycle, increased rapidly over the 4th–12th day period and reached a peak level value of 5.2 ± 1.1 ng/ml on day 14. Thereafter, the level declined rapidly to 2.6 ± 0.6 ng/ml on day 16 and then more gradually to 0.4 ± 0.1 ng/ml on day 21. In the second experiment, eight cycling heifers at diestrus were treated with gonadotrophin (2,000 IU PMSG or 1,000 IU PMSG + 1,000 IU HCG) followed 48 h later by 15 mg prostaglandin (PGF2α). Mid-ventral laparotomies were performed 4 days after the onset of estrus to observe ovarian activity. Progesterone levels were considerably higher in some animals and were slightly higher on the average after gonadotrophin treatments. The number of corpora lutea (CL) in these heifers ranged from 1 to 17. Progesterone levels of three heifers with 4–9 CL did not differ (P > 0.05) from those of three heifers with single CL. Two heifers each with 17 CL had peak progesterone levels of 38.4 and 27.8 ng/ml which were still high (9.6 and 26.5 ng/ml) by day 21. The remaining six heifers had low progesterone levels (< 1 ng/ml) by days 8–14, indicating premature regression of the CL. Thus, progesterone levels were not correlated with the number of CL.

Pattern of plasma progesterone, oestradiol-17β, luteinizing hormone and androgen in non-pregnant buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Arora ◽  
R. S. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Androgen Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Domestic buffaloes were used to characterize the pattern of progesterone, oestradiol-17β, LH and androgen in the systemic circulation following infertile insemination. Concentrations of hormones were measured by RIA in blood samples collected daily or at alternate days following insemination. The concentration of progesterone was lowest on the day of insemination, and increased significantly to a peak level of 4.00 ± 0.60 ng/ml by day 13 post insemination. After day 17, it declined significantly (P < 0.01) to reach low levels by day 21. The concentration of oestradiol-17β was high at the time of insemination and declined significantly (P < 0.01) by day 2 after insemination. It was maintained around the basal level till day 18 with minor peaks in between this period. It again rose significantly (P < 0.01) at subsequent oestrus. The mean level of LH was highest at the time of insemination, and declined significantly (P < 0.01) by day 1 post insemination. It did not vary appreciably till the animal returned to oestrus. The oestrous value of LH and progesterone were negatively correlated (r = −0.77). The androgen level was observed to be high at insemination in 3 out of 5 animals, but the overall pattern of this steroid was inconsistent during the period studied. A high concentration of androgen was recorded in all the animals from day 2–5 before the onset of oestrus.

Comparison of plasma progesterone profiles in cyclic, pregnant, pseudopregnant and hysterectomized pigs between 8 and 27 days after oestrus

1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. King ◽  
R. Rajamahendran
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
The Third ◽  
Secretory Potential ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Plasma progesterone concentrations were compared in cyclic (n = 12), pregnant (n =12), oestradiol-induced pseudopregnant (n=12) and hysterectomized gilts (n=10) between days 8 and 27 after oestrus. The results were grouped into periods covering days 8–13, 14–20 and 21–27 and analysed by least-squares analysis of variance. Plasma progesterone concentrations were significantly (P<0·001) higher in hysterectomized compared with other groups between days 8 and 13. Progesterone concentrations declined rapidly after day 14 in cyclic females and gradually in the other groups. Throughout the third and fourth weeks the mean progesterone concentrations for hysterectomized animals were consistently higher than for pseudopregnant animals (P<0·05). The pregnant group means were below but not significantly different from the hysterectomized means in both of the last two periods. The greater progesterone concentrations in hysterectomized gilts indicated that secretion is high without any conceptus-produced or -mediated luteotrophin, and corpora lutea in cyclic, pregnant or pseudopregnant gilts may never reach full secretory potential. J. Endocr. (1988) 119, 111–116

ENDOCRINE PROFILES AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CORPORA LUTEA FOLLOWING ONSET OF POSTPARTUM OVARIAN ACTIVITY IN BEEF COWS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. MANNS ◽  
W. D. HUMPHREY ◽  
P. F. FLOOD ◽  
R. J. MAPLETOFT ◽  
N. RAWLINGS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Luteal Cell ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Endocrine Profiles

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate endocrine profiles and to determine the morphological and functional characteristics of corpora lutea (CL) following the onset of postpartum ovarian activity in beef cows, suckled by a single calf once daily. In exp. 1, blood samples were collected from 12 cows at 6-h intervals beginning 25 days postpartum until ovariectomy which was carried out on each of two cows on days 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35 after parturition. Ovarian structures were examined grossly and histologically. In exp. 2, blood samples were collected from eight cows at 6-h intervals for 18 days beginning 25 days postpartum and at less frequent intervals thereafter. Laparotomies were carried out on day 36 after calving, the ovaries were observed, CL were sampled and the residual tissue was marked with charcoal. A second laparotomy was performed on day 50. Luteal tissue samples were processed and examined by light and electron microscopy. Luteal cell types were evaluated, percent of area covered by large cells was determined and average luteal cell diameter was calculated. In exp. 3, seven cows were bled daily from parturition until day 25 postpartum. Serum from all experiments was assayed for progesterone (P4), FSH, LH and a prostaglandin metabolite (PGFM). The data showed that serum PGFM levels declined from a peak at calving to basal levels by 10 days postpartum which was well before the first ovulation. In all instances the observed peaks of serum LH and serum FSH preceded the first rise in P4 which, in eight of nine cases, was due to a functional CL. These CL were functional for periods of time ranging from 3 to 12 days. The regression of short-lived CL appeared abnormal compared to the longer-lived CL in which regression was characterized by a rapid decline in P4 and elevated blood PGFM. These data show clearly that the first increase in P4 is preceded by a typical LH surge, followed by ovulation and CL formation which has a variable life-span. Key words: Beef cows, postpartum, anestrus, corpus luteum.

scholarly journals Progesterone production in superovulated holstein heifers and in crossbred recipient of embryo supplemented with betacarotene and tocopherol

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-825
Author(s):  
José Nélio de Sousa Sales ◽  
Lilian Mara Kirsch Dias ◽  
Celso Rodrigues Franci ◽  
Alexandro Aluísio Rocha ◽  
Guilherme Gastão Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Intravaginal Device

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of the intramuscular injection of betacarotene associated to tocopherol on the plasma concentration progesterone of superovulated Holstein heifers (experiment 1) and in crossbred (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) heifers submitted to fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET, experiment 2). In experiment 1, after estrus synchronization and superovulation animals were inseminated 12 and 24 hours after estrus onset and embryos flushed 7 days later. Heifers were allocated randomly to one of three treatments: Control; T800 (800 mg of betacarotene plus 500 mg of tocopherol) and T1200 (1,200 mg of betacarotene plus 750 mg of tocopherol). The treatments were given on the day of ear implant placement and repeated on the first day of superovulation. Blood samples were collected on D0, D5, D9, D12 and D16. In experiment 2, treatments were imposed at intravaginal device insertion (D0). The same experimental design, as in experiment 1, was used. Blood samples were collected on D17 (embryos implanted) for progesterone determination by radioimmunoassay. In experiment 1, average plasma progesterone concentrations after corpora lutea formation (D12 plus D16 means) were 13.7±1.8 ng/ml, 14.5±2.3 ng/ml and 10.8±2.3 ng/ml for control, T800 and T1200, respectively, and did not differ (P=0.44). In experiment 2, progesterone concentrations on D17 in Control (8.88±0.57 ng/ml), T800 (7.48±0.64 ng/ml) and T1200 (5.90±1.33 ng/ml) groups were similar (P=0.11). Results indicate that the supplemental betacarotene and tocopherol injections did not influence peripheral progesterone concentrations in superovulated Holstein donors and crossbreed recipients heifers.

A note on the effect of melatonin feeding on the initiation of ovarian activity and on plasma prolactin levels in lactating and non-lactating red deer hinds

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Nowak ◽  
R. N. Elmhirst ◽  
R. G. Rodway
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples

ABSTRACTMelatonin was fed daily at 14.00 h to eight non-lactating and six lactating hinds. Feeding was begun on 27 July 1983 (day 1) and continued until 21 September (day 57). Six non-lactating hinds were used as controls. Blood samples were taken about every 10 days from day 42 until day 73. Plasma progesterone and prolactin were determined by radioimmunoassay. Progesterone values of greater than 0·63 μg/1 were taken to indicate the presence of a corpus luteum and that the animal had ovulated. In the melatonintreated, non-lactating group seven of the eight hinds showed ovarian activity compared with two of the six controls (P < 0·01). None of the lactating hinds treated with melatonin showed evidence of ovarian activity. In both the lactating and non-lactating hinds treated with melatonin, prolactin levels were never greater than the detection limit of the assay (7·4 μg/l), while, in the control hinds mean prolactin levels were elevated on all but the last sampling day. It is, therefore, possible to induce early ovarian activity in non-lactating red deer hinds by feeding melatonin. However, although melatonin treatment similarly depressed plasma prolactin levels in both lactating and non-lactating hinds, it was unable to overcome the inhibitory effect of lactation on reproduction.

Studies on plasma progesterone concentrations and fertility in Friesland dairy cows during the post-partum period

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Holness ◽  
G. W. Sprowson ◽  
Carole Sheward ◽  
Amanda Geel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Partum Period ◽  
Embryo Loss

SUMMARYPlasma progesterone concentrations were monitored in 69 lactating Friesland dairy cows during the post-partum period. Cyclic ovarian activity resumed in most cows within 40 days of calving. Forty-eight per cent of cows remained pregnant to their first insemination, 41% returned to oestrus before day 30 after insemination, and a further 11% returned to oestrus between days 30 and 88 after insemination.The mean of progesterone values on days 11 to 4 before insemination tended to be higher in cows that conceived than in cows that did not conceive. These differences were signficant on day –8 (P <0·05) and on days –8, –7, –6 and –5 combined (P <0·01). Cows in which the concentration of progesterone in plasma did not rise above 4·5 ng/ml during this period did not conceive. After insemination, mean progesterone concentrations between pregnant and non-pregnant cows diverged after day +8. Relatively low concentrations of plasma progesterone (< 1 ng/ml) up to day +8 after insemination did not preclude conception. There was no indication that embryo loss between days +30 and +88 after insemination was related to an insufficiency of ovarian progesterone during early pregnancy.

Effect of pattern of lighting and time of birth on occurrence of puberty in female goat kids

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Amoah ◽  
M. J. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTThirty-six British Saanen female kids, born between either 20 March and 6 April (E) or 10 April and 16 June (L), were reared under three different patterns of lighting — a constant 18-h light: 6-h dark (C); or a weekly step-wise reduction from 18-h to 10-h light: 14-h dark over 10 weeks, commencing at either 6 (R6) or 10 (R10) weeks of age. Vasectomized males were used to test for oestrus; blood samples were collected to determine plasma progesterone concentration. Thirty-three goats attained puberty; all but two kids showed oestrus at first ovulation. The mean ( ± s.d.) age and live weight at puberty were 174·6 (± 4·1) and 141·7 (± 4·3) days (P < 0·001), and 28·6 (± 0·9) and 22·8 (± 1·0) kg (P < 0·001), for E and L treatments, respectively. For R6, R10 and C treatments, the ages and weights wer e 151·6 (± 4·7), 160·4 (± 5·2) and 164·7 (± 4·9) days (NS), respectively, and 24·5 (± 1·1), 25·3 (± 1·2) and 27·8 (± 1·1) kg (NS), respectively. A significant date of birth × lighting-pattern treatment interaction was found for date at puberty (P < 0·001), with puberty occurring earlier for E than L kids only when a reduction in daylength occurred. Puberty occurred earlier on R6 than R10 treatments only for L kids.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THYROTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (TRH) ON PLASMA PROGESTERONE AND PITUITARY HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN CATTLE

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. MANNS ◽  
H. D. HAFS ◽  
G. E. LAMMING
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Releasing Hormone

Four Friesian heifers 14–16 mo of age were injected through jugular catheters six times per day (0600, 0900, 1200, 1500, 1800 and 2100 h) with 100 μg thyrotropin-releasing hormone or saline (control). TRH and saline treatment continued for 14 days beginning 1 day after a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin (PGF2α, 30 mg) which was given during diestrus. Blood samples were collected via the catheters at 0900 and 2100 h each day for progesterone prolactin and LH determinations and before and 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 min after the 0600 and 2100 h TRH injections on the 1st, 7th and 13th days of treatment for growth hormone (GH) and prolactin analysis. After 14 days, heifers were injected with 10 mg PGF2α and changes in blood progesterone were measured for 24 h. There were two treatment periods; hence, each animal was subjected to both TRH and saline injections. Results support the following conclusions: (1) Prolactin secretion in response to TRH did not diminish with time. (2) Plasma progesterone of TRH-treated animals was lower (P < 0.05) from approximately day 5 of the cycle (estrus = day 0) until corpora lutea were destroyed with PGF2α; this provides no support for a luteotrophic role for prolactin. (3) Corpora lutea of all animals regressed after 10 mg PGF2α, suggesting that TRH had not increased the resistance of the corpus luteum to the luteolytic effects of PGF2α.

Effect of estrus synchronization on plasma progesterone profile and fertility response in postpartum suckled anestrous Kankrej cows

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrajuddin Naikoo ◽  
A. J. Dhami ◽  
Ammu Ramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cyclic Groups ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Cyclic Control ◽  
The Mean

The study was designed at evaluating early postpartum ovarian activity through plasma progesterone profile at 10 days interval up to 90 days, followed by induction of estrus in postpartum anestrous suckled Kankrej cows (n=18) using Ovsynch, CIDR and Ovsynch + CIDR treatment protocols with FTAI (6 cows in each protocol), keeping six normal cyclic cows as control. The plasma P4 profile (ng/ml) varied in the range of 0.15±0.03 to 1.70±0.80 in treatment groups and 0.62 ±0.19 to 4.09±1.60 in control group up to 90 days postpartum. The mean P4 concentration on the day of calving was low (<1 ng/ml) in all the groups, which gradually increased to reach peak levels by day 40 in cyclic control (4.09±1.60 ng/ml), Ovsynch (1.70±0.80 ng/ml) and CIDR (1.68±0.47 ng/ml) and by day 20 in Ovsynch + CIDR (1.09±0.23 ng/ml) groups. Most of the cows turned into subestrous or anestrous condition between days 40 and 90 postpartum. The estrus induction response in Ovsynch, CIDR and Ovsynch + CIDR groups initiated at day 90-92 postpartum was 66.66, 83.33 and 50.00 per cent, respectively. The conception rates at induced estrus were 16.66, 33.33 and 16.66 per cent, and overall of 3 cycles 33.33 (2/6), 50.00 (3/3) and 33.33 (2/6) per cent, respectively. In normal cyclic control group, the conception rates at first cycle and overall of 3 cycles were 33.33 and 50.00 per cent. The mean plasma P4 (ng/ml) concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) higher on day 7 in Ovsynch (1.41 ±0.10), CIDR (4.92±0.83) and Ovsynch + CIDR (3.87±0.84) protocols as compared to their corresponding values on day 0 and day 9/10 (AI). The mean values of plasma P4 from days 20 to 40 post-AI were higher in conceived cows than in non-conceived cows of CIDR and Ovsynch + CIDR groups, compared to the animals in Ovsynch and normal cyclic groups. It is opined that the use of different protocols, mainly CIDR, may serve as an effective tool for induction and synchronization of estrus and improvement of conception rate in postpartum anestrous suckled Kankrej cows.

scholarly journals Ovarian function in ewes after treatment with mifepristone early during the oestrous cycle

Reproduction ◽  
2003 ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Paslay ◽  
U Salli ◽  
F Stormshak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to determine whether endogenous progesterone regulates synthesis and secretion of luteal oxytocin. In Expt 1, mature ewes (n = 5 per group) were assigned randomly to control or mifepristone (RU486) treatment groups. Ewes were injected s.c. twice a day with vehicle or 10 mg RU486 on days 5-7 of the oestrous cycle (oestrus = day 0). On day 8, after an i.v. injection with prostaglandin F(2alpha) (250 microg cloprostenol), venous blood samples were collected at frequent intervals to determine plasma oxytocin concentrations. Plasma oxytocin concentrations of RU486-treated ewes were not significantly different from those of control ewes. In Expt 2, ewes were injected s.c. each day with vehicle or 175 mg RU486 on days 2-5 of the oestrous cycle followed by administration of prostaglandin F(2alpha) on day 6. Four of five RU486-treated ewes showed 'split-oestrus' (oestrous behaviour for 36 h and then again at 84-108 h after the onset of initial oestrus). There was no significant difference in mean plasma oxytocin or progesterone concentrations between treatment groups. The mean masses of mature corpora lutea from control and RU486-treated ewes on day 6 of the oestrous cycle did not differ significantly (394.8 +/- 28.8 versus 319.5 +/- 48.3 mg). RU486-treated ewes contained mature corpora lutea, new corpora lutea (two of four ewes) and preovulatory follicles (>or= 10 mm, two of four ewes). The average interoestrous interval for RU486-treated ewes was 9 days more than that for control animals (26.2 +/- 2.9 versus 17 +/- 0.5 days; P < 0.025).

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