scholarly journals LASMA AMINO ACID CONCENTRATIONS AND 35S-DISTRIBUTION IN THE SOW AND FETUS FOLLOWING INJECTION OF 35S-METHIONINE

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. KNIPFEL ◽  
R. F. WILLES ◽  
J. I. ELLIOT
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Liver Uptake ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Fetal Circulation ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Maternal Liver ◽  
Methionine Concentration ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Following maternal intravenous injection of 1.6 mg/kg body weight 35S-methionine, only a small proportion of the administered 35S reached fetal circulation. Fetal liver uptake of 35S was much less than that of maternal liver. A transient minor increase in the maternal plasma methionine concentration was not reflected in fetal plasma. Isoleucine, leucine, valine and phenylalanine were at lower concentrations in fetal plasma than in maternal plasma, with threonine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine and tyrosine generally higher in fetal blood. The proportion of 35S reaching the fetal circulation appeared to be cleared at a slower rate than the 35S from maternal plasma. The placenta appeared to function as an effective buffer against transient minor changes in the maternal plasma methionine concentration. The extent of the buffering capacity of the placenta against maternal plasma amino acid fluctuations requires further investigation.

Genotype and fetal size affect maternal­–fetal amino acid status and fetal endocrinology in Large White×Landrace and Meishan pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl J. Ashworth ◽  
Margaret O. Nwagwu ◽  
Harry J. McArdle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Large White ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Fetal Size

This study compared maternal plasma amino acid concentrations, placental protein secretion in vitro and fetal body composition and plasma amino acid and hormone concentrations in feto–placental units from the smallest and a normally-sized fetus carried by Large White × Landrace or Meishan gilts on Day 100 of pregnancy. Compared with Large White × Landrace, Meishan placental tissue secreted more protein and Meishan fetuses contained relatively more fat and protein, but less moisture. Fetal plasma concentrations of insulin, triiodothryonine, thyroxine and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II were higher in Meishan than Large White × Landrace fetuses. In both breeds, fetal cortisol concentrations were inversely related to fetal size, whereas concentrations of IGF-I were higher in average-sized fetuses. Concentrations of 10 amino acids were higher in Large White × Landrace than Meishan gilts, while glutamine concentrations were higher in Meishan gilts. Concentrations of alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and threonine were higher in Meishan than Large White × Landrace fetuses. Average-sized fetuses had higher concentrations of asparagine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine and valine than the smallest fetus. This study revealed novel genotype and fetal size differences in porcine maternal–fetal amino acid status and fetal hormone and metabolite concentrations.

scholarly journals Age-specific distribution of plasma amino acid concentrations in a healthy pediatric population

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2397-2402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Lepage ◽  
Nancy McDonald ◽  
Louis Dallaire ◽  
Marie Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Abstract Reference values were determined for 23 plasma free amino acids from measurements done in 148 healthy children ranging from 0 to 18 years of age. Amino acid analysis was performed by ion-exchange chromatography. We propose a graphic form of presenting the age-specific distribution of plasma amino acid concentrations where the 10th, 50th, and 90th quantiles are illustrated. Although each amino acid possesses its own pattern of distribution, we can identify five different profiles. Nine amino acids (alanine, arginine, asparagine, methionine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline, threonine, and tyrosine) demonstrate a decrease in their concentrations during the first year of life; their concentrations then tend to increase throughout childhood and adolescence. Nine others (cystine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, tryptophan, and valine) show a steady increase throughout infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Five amino acids (aspartic acid, citrulline, glutamic acid, serine, and taurine) do not follow these two common profiles. For the first time, quantile curves are produced to illustrate the age-dependent variation of amino acid concentrations from infancy to adulthood. This alternative way of presenting amino acid concentrations may facilitate the follow-up of patients with inborn errors of amino acid metabolism.

scholarly journals Preserved Fetal Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in the Presence of Maternal Hypoaminoacidemia

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1071-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Domenech ◽  
Philip A Gruppuso ◽  
Vincent T Nishino ◽  
John B Susa ◽  
Robert Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Glutamine-glutamate exchange between placenta and fetal liver

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. E705-E711 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Vaughn ◽  
C. Lobo ◽  
F. C. Battaglia ◽  
P. V. Fennessey ◽  
R. B. Wilkening ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Glutamate Metabolism ◽  
Left Hepatic Lobe ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Fetal Circulation ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Glutamate Concentration

The hypothesis that glutamine shuttles nitrogen between placenta and fetal liver via interconversion with glutamate was explored by infusing L-[1,2-13C2]glutamine in six fetal sheep chronically catheterized for sampling of the umbilical and hepatic circulations. Fetal plasma glutamine disposal rate was 19.9 +/- 1.3 mumol.min-1.kg fetus-1. Entry of glutamine from the placenta accounted for approximately 60% of the total glutamine entry rate in fetal plasma. Glutamine was taken up by fetal liver, and 45.3 +/- 7.9% of the glutamine taken up was released as glutamate. The fetal liver released large quantities of glutamate, as evidenced by a sixfold increase in plasma glutamate concentration in the blood flowing through the left hepatic lobe and a hepatic glutamate output-to-O2 uptake molar ratio of 0.149 +/- 0.013. In conjunction with a previous study of fetal glutamate metabolism, these data demonstrate that glutamine entering the fetal circulation is converted to glutamate by the fetal liver at a rate of approximately 3-4 mumol.min-1.kg fetus-1.

Does the ovine placenta secrete ACTH under normoxic or hypoxic conditions?

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. R389-R395 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Keller-Wood ◽  
C. E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Fetal Circulation ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Ovine Placenta ◽  
Arterial Po2

In the sheep, maternal plasma cortisol is increased in late pregnancy, and fetal plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) rise precipitously in late gestation. In many species, the placenta contains ACTH. These experiments were designed to test whether the ovine placenta contains ACTH and whether there is net secretion of ACTH by the uteroplacental unit into either the maternal or fetal circulation. Pregnant ewes and their fetuses were prepared with maternal and fetal arterial and uterine and umbilical venous catheters. Arterial and venous samples were taken from both sides of the placenta before and during hypoxia induced by the ewe breathing 9-11% O2, and arteriovenous (a-v) differences in ACTH, PO2, PCO2, and progesterone were analyzed. A positive a-v difference in PO2 (48.2 +/- 3.4 mmHg) and negative a-v differences in PCO2 and progesterone (-3.5 +/- 0.7 mmHg and -25 +/- 5 ng/ml, respectively) were found across the placenta in the ewe, and a positive a-v difference in PCO2 (4.8 +/- 0.9 mmHg) and negative a-v differences in PO2 and progesterone (-8.1 +/- 1.5 mmHg and -13 +/- 3 ng/ml, respectively) were found across the placenta in the fetus, indicating that the umbilical and uterine venous catheters were properly placed. Hypoxia decreased fetal and maternal arterial PO2 from 22.8 +/- 1.3 to 13.8 +/- 0.7 and from 98.8 +/- 3.3 to 37.0 +/- 2.6 mmHg, respectively, and increased fetal and maternal arterial ACTH immunoreactivity from 95 +/- 60 to 2,676 +/- 795 and from 149 +/- 21 to 275 +/- 88 pg/ml, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Distribution of acute-phase alpha 2-macroglobulin in rat fetomaternal compartments

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (2) ◽  
pp. E138-E142
Author(s):  
D. E. Panrucker ◽  
P. C. Lai ◽  
F. L. Lorscheider
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Maternal Liver ◽  
Metrial Gland

Rat acute-phase alpha 2-macroglobulin (AP alpha 2M) concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay in maternal serum, fetal plasma, maternal liver, fetal liver, and amniotic fluid as a function of gestational and neonatal age. The concentration profiles of AP alpha 2M in maternal serum and fetal plasma displayed two peaks, one in early gestation and another during late gestation. Synthesis of AP alpha 2M was confirmed by the immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine incorporated into cultures of selected tissues. The following observations were made. 1) Maternal serum concentrations of AP alpha 2M were higher than those observed in fetal plasma in early gestation. This was attributable to a high level of maternal AP alpha 2M synthesis in metrial gland which was absent in liver and moderate in yolk sac. 2) In late gestation fetal plasma concentrations of AP alpha 2M greatly exceeded those observed in maternal serum. This could be explained by the pronounced synthesis of AP alpha 2M in fetal liver that was not apparent in maternal liver or yolk sac. 3) During labor, a transient increase in AP alpha 2M concentration was observed in maternal serum and fetal plasma. 4) During lactation a moderately elevated maternal serum concentration of AP alpha 2M was maintained. 5) Amniotic fluid concentration of AP alpha 2M was very low throughout gestation, which indicated that the fetal glomerulus was relatively impermeable to this large protein. It is concluded that in early gestation a principal maternal source of AP alpha 2M appears to be the metrial gland, whereas in late gestation fetal liver is a major source of AP alpha 2M appearing in fetal plasma from where some of this macroglobulin is speculated to be transported to the maternal circulation.

EFFECTS OF DIETARY UREA LEVEL ON AMINO ACID CONCENTRATIONS IN RUMINANT TISSUES

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. SALEM ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
G. D. PHILLIPS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

The effects of a semipurified diet containing 0 (0% urea-N diet), 50 (39% urea-N diet), or 100% (76% urea-N diet) of added dietary nitrogen (N) as urea on the amino acid concentrations in ruminant tissues was investigated. Three rumen-fistulated bull calves averaging 240 kg were used in a latin square design. The calves were fed using a continuous feeder to provide 7 kg of feed daily. Each experimental period of the latin square was 40 days divided into four 10-day intervals. Liver samples were obtained on the 9th day of each 10-day interval and rumen epithelium and rumen microorganisms were obtained on the 10th day of each 10-day interval. Blood samples were collected on the 6th, 8th, and 10th day of each 10-day interval for the determination of plasma amino acid patterns as well as the amino acid concentrations in the tissues. Plasma amino acid patterns indicated that when the 76% urea-N diet was fed the levels of aspartic acid, citrulline, glutamic acid, glycine, and proline were increased. Most of the essential amino acids were decreased on the 76% urea-N diet as compared with the 0% urea-N diet. All amino acids of rumen microorganisms were increased on the 39% urea-N diet with the exception of arginine, lysine, and threonine, which decreased slightly or did not show any change. Most amino acids were lower on the 76% urea-N diet as compared with the 39% or 0% urea-N diets. All essential amino acids measured in the liver were reduced on the 76% urea-N diet. Cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, tryptophan, and valine were also reduced on the 39% urea-N diet. In rumen epithelium, there was a reduction of the essential amino acids and an increase of the nonessential amino acids on the 76% urea-N diet.

Feeding the Low-Birth-Weight Infant: II. Effects of Taurine and Cholesterol Supplementation on Amino Acids and Cholesterol

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
David K. Rassin ◽  
Gerald E. Gaull ◽  
Anna-Liisa Järvenpää ◽  
Niels C. R. Räihä
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Feeding Groups ◽  
Urine Concentrations ◽  
Cholesterol Supplementation ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Plasma and urine concentrations of taurine were consistently lower in preterm infants fed unsupplemented formula than those observed in the infants fed human milk or formulas supplemented with taurine alone or with taurine plus cholesterol. Such supplementation of formula restored plasma and urine concentrations of taurine to those observed in the infants fed human milk. Taurine was the only amino acid that was present at lower concentrations in the infants fed unsupplemented formula than in those fed human milk. The other acidic and neutral amino acids were present in higher concentrations in the formula-fed infants than in the group fed human milk either during the early weeks of the study (serine, glutamine, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, and methionine) or consistently higher during the entire study (threonine, glutamate, citrulline, valine, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine). Supplementation of formula with taurine plus cholesterol did not appear to have any effect on the amino acid concentrations in the plasma and urine, other than that on taurine itself. Plasma total cholesterol concentration decreased during the fifth to the 12th postnatal weeks of life in all feeding groups. It then returned to the concentrations found during the first and third postnatal weeks in all feeding groups except in the infants fed formulas supplemented with taurine plus cholesterol which had a greater decrease.

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