EVALUATION OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE — LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPESEED MEALS AS PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS FOR YOUNG GROWING PIGS, INCLUDING EFFECTS ON BLOOD SERUM CONSTITUENTS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Residual Hexane ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Daily Gain

Forty-nine 4- to 5-wk-old pigs, averaging 7 kg in weight, were allotted to seven treatment groups. Rapeseed meals (RSM) from two cultivars of double-low (low glucosinolate-low erucic acid) Brassica napus rapeseed processed at one plant, one of the same cultivars processed at a second plant, and a low erucic acid B. campestris cv. Span were compared as partial or complete replacements (up to 22% of the diet) for soybean meal (SBM) in diets of starting–growing pigs. Overall results for feed intake, daily gain and efficiency of feed conversion indicated that RSM from a double-low cultivar (now licensed as Tower) may completely replace SBM in diets for starting–growing pigs with no depression in performance. Results from un unlicensed cultivar (1788) were inconsistent, with differences possibly associated with residual hexane in one sample of meal. Digestible energy and nitrogen, metabolizable energy and nitrogen retention did not differ between treatments. A profile of 14 blood serum constituents was obtained from individual pigs 3 and 9 wk after the start of the experiment. Thyroxine (T4) values were lower (P < 0.05) for all treatments when RSM was completely substituted for SBM. Protein-bound iodine values did not differ significantly between treatments but followed the same trends as T4. Results suggest that all RSM samples were goitrogenic to some degree. Blood serum constituents that correlated with average daily gain at [Formula: see text] were calcium, total protein, albumin, albumin:globulin ratio and lactate dehydrogenase. The results suggest that RSM from low glucosinolate–low erucic acid rapeseed, when it becomes commercially available, may be fed at higher levels than currently recommended.

scholarly journals Metabolizable energy levels in diets with high lysine for growing and finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraia Viana Ferreira ◽  
Lívia Maria dos Reis Barbosa ◽  
Camila Schultz Marcolla ◽  
Marcos Henrique Soares ◽  
Dante Teixeira Valente Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of metabolizable energy (ME) levels in diets with high digestible lysine concentration on performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of barrows from 95 to 158 days of age. Eighty commercial hybrid barrows (50 ± 1.82 kg) selected for lean meat deposition, were assigned to four dietary treatments (3,150, 3,235, 3,320, and 3,400 kcal EM kg-1) in a randomized design with 10 replicate pens per treatment and two pigs per pen. From 95 to 116 days of age, we observed no effects of ME on final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), metabolizable energy intake (MEI), and feed conversion (F: G). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased linearly with increasing ME levels (? = 5.79961 - 0.00096790X - r2 = 0.89). From 95 to 137 days of age, no effects of ME were observed on final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), metabolizable energy intake (MEI), and feed conversion (F: G). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased linearly with increasing ME (?= 6.1176 - 0.001X - r2= 0.97). From 95 to 158 days, of age no effects of ME were observed on FBW and ADG. Dietary ME influenced the ADFI and F: G, which decreased linearly with increasing ME concentrations (?= 8.12951 - 0.00149X - r2= 0.99; ?= 6.0914 - 0.001X - r² = 0.75, respectively). There was a linear increase in loin eye area (LEA) with increasing ME (? = - 29.851 + 0.0207 X - r² = 0.87). Backfat thickness, pH, and temperature, measured at different times after slaughter (0 min, 45 min, 3 h, and 24 h), were not affected by dietary ME. The level of ME also did not affect the meat quality parameters Color L*, Color a*, Color b*, Warner-Bratzler shear force, thaw water losses, cooking water losses, sum of water losses, intramuscular fat content, and TBARS. Diets with 3,400 kcal kg-1 ME, corresponding to 2.75, 2.57, and 2.31 g digestible lysine/Mcal of ME for pigs from 95 to 116, 116 to 137, and 95 to 158 days of age, respectively, resulted in best performance and carcass traits, without negative effects on meat quality.

The effects of water to feed ratio on the digestibility, digestible energy and nitrogen retention of a grower ration

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 136-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barber ◽  
P.H. Brooks ◽  
J.L. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Optimum Water

With the increase in the use of wet feeding systems, there has been a controversy over the optimum water to feed ratio to be used in these systems. Braude et al., (1967) showed that the feed conversion ratio was 20% higher for wet fed pigs compared to dry fed pigs. However, Forbes et al., (1968) found no significant difference in daily gain between wet and dry fed pigs.Gill et al., (1987) conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of different water to feed ratios on the performance of growing pigs provided with an additional water supply. They showed that liveweight gain and feed conversion significantly improved (p < 0.05) as the water to feed ratio of the liquid feed was increased from 2:1 to 3.5:1.The objective of this experiment was to investigate whether water to feed ratio effects digestibility, digestible energy and nitrogen retention.

scholarly journals NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF TILAPIA FILLETING WASTE MEAL FOR SWINE IN THE NURSERY PHASE

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDSON RICHART ◽  
RICARDO VIANNA NUNES ◽  
LEANDRO DALCIN CASTILHA ◽  
YOLANDA LOPES DA SILVA ◽  
PAULO SEGATTO CELLA
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
The Third ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACT: Three experiments were conducted to determine the nutritional composition of tilapia filleting waste meal (TFWM) for pigs in the initial phase. In the first experiment, the chemical composition and the values of digestible and metabolizable energy of TFWM were determined using 10 pigs (15.10 ± 0.74 kg), distributed in cages for metabolic research (2 treatments X 5 replicates). The TFWM replaced 20% of the reference diet based on corn and soybean meal. In the second experiment, the ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids present in TFWM were determined, using chromic oxide as a marker, through the method of sacrifice, using 10 pigs (15.00 ± 0.27 kg), distributed in cages for metabolic research (2 treatments X 5 replicates). Treatments consisted of a basal diet and one without protein. In the third experiment, the performance of pigs fed diets containing different concentrations of TFWM (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) was evaluated. Forty pigs (15.00 ± 0.87 kg), distributed in pairs in nursery pens (5 treatments X 4 replicates) were used. The values of digestible and metabolizable energy corresponded to 3,632 and 3,260 kcal/kg, respectively. Inclusion of up to 10% TFWM in the diet of barrows from 15 to 30 kg did not affect the average daily gain and feed conversion of the animals.

scholarly journals Impact of Fermented Liquid Potato Hash Diets on Growth Performance of Grower Pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sylvester Thomas ◽  
Arnold Tapera Kanengoni ◽  
Michael Chimonyo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Inclusion Rate ◽  
Feed Source ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

The study aimed to evaluate growth performance of grower pigs fed fermented liquid potato hash with or without exogenous enzyme. Diets containing either 200 (LFLPH) g/kg potato hash (enzyme treated or not); 400 (HFLPH) g/kg potato hash (enzyme treated or not) or no fermented potato hash (control) were formulated to provide 14 MJ/kg digestible energy (DE), 180 g/kg crude protein (CP) and 11.6 g/kg lysine. Dietary treatments were control (no FLPH), enzyme treated LFPHE and HFLPHE, and untreated LFLPH and HFLPH. The exogenous enzyme was added in treated diets to provide minimum of 560-840 TXU/TDU xylanase per kg feed, at an inclusion rate of 100 g/tonne. Diets were mixed with water at 1:2 ration and fermented for 8 hours at 25 °C room temperature before being fed to pigs. Back-slopping fermentation approach was followed to prepare diets. Twelve pigs (25±2.3 kg) per diet that were individually housed were fed ad-lib for eight weeks. Pigs were allocated to diets in complete randomized design. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. The enzyme treated FLPH diets had higher (P < 0.05) CP, lower (P > 0.05) NDF and ADF concentrations compared to untreated FLPH diets. The LFPHE diet had higher (P < 0.001) final weight, ADG and lower (P < 0.001) ADFI and FCR compared to LFPH, HLFPH and HLFPHE. It was concluded that LFPHE diet may be an alternative feed source for growing pigs as indicated by higher gain and lower intake compared to LFLPH, HFLPH and HFLPHE.

Effect of the mycotoxins, nivalenol and zearalenone, in maize naturally infected with Fusarium graminearum on the performance of growing and pregnant pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Williams ◽  
BJ Blaney
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
White Cell ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Daily Gain

Maize naturally infected with Fusarium graminearum and containing 11.5 mg nivalenol (NIV) kg-1 and 3 mg zearalenone (ZEA) kg-1 was fed to grower and pregnant pigs in five experiments. Inclusions of infected maize at 500 and 750 g kg-1 in diets for grower pigs caused a deterioration of all performance traits in a 14 day experiment: voluntary feed intake (VFI) from 2-17 kg day-1 (control) to 1.45 and 1.09 kg day-1; average daily gain (ADG) from 0.79 kg day-' (control) to 0.50 and 0.45 kg dayV1; and feed conversion ratio (FCR) from 2.45 (control) to 3.49 and 3.23 respectively. In a paired-feeding experiment of 8 weeks duration, the VFI, ADG and FCR of grower pigs progressively worsened with increasing infected maize content. However, when pigs were fed a nutritionally similar control diet at intakes matched to those achieved by pigs given the mycotoxin-containing diets, their ADG and FCR were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The nutrient similarity of these diets was confirmed in an independent metabolism study measuring apparent digestibility and nitrogen retention. Feeding pigs with infected maize caused a marked and dose dependent depression (P < 0.05) in white cell and neutrophil counts. In two studies with sows, a comparison was made between a control diet and one containing 600 g kg-1 infected maize when each diet was formulated to the same nutrient content and sows fed at 2 kg day-1. In one study, diets were offered from when pregnancy was confirmed at 30 days post-mating until slaughter approximately 35 days later. In the second study, the diets were offered either from day of mating or from 30 day post-mating with all sows being slaughtered approximately 35 days later. In both studies, the infected maize diet had no adverse effect on the conception rate nor on the number and weight of foeti at slaughter compared to controls. In the second study, total white cell and lymphocyte counts were lower (P < 0.05) in sows fed the infected maize diet.

scholarly journals Predicting Productive Performance in Grow-Finisher Pigs Using Birth and Weaning Body Weight

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Jordi Camp Montoro ◽  
Edgar Garcia Manzanilla ◽  
David Solà-Oriol ◽  
Ramon Muns ◽  
Josep Gasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Daily Gain

This study aimed to (1) investigate the effect of birth and weaning body weight (BW) on performance indicators of grow-finisher pigs and (2) estimate birth and weaning BW cut-off values in order to identify slow growing pigs (SGP). Pigs (n = 144) were classified as SMALL (0.9 ± 0.13 kg) or BIG (1.4 ± 0.20 kg) at birth and re-classified as SMALL (5.4 ± 1.6 kg) or BIG (6.3 ± 1.91 kg) at weaning. Individual BW was recorded bi-weekly, and feed intake was recorded on a daily basis. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and days to target slaughter weight (TSW) were calculated. SMALL–SMALL pigs had lower ADG (p < 0.05) requiring 167.1 days (i.e., 14.2 extra days) to TSW (p < 0.05) compared with BIG pigs at birth and/or weaning. However, FCR was similar between groups (p > 0.05). Pigs weaned at <3.7 kg BW would likely be SGP. Pigs born at ≥1.1 kg BW or weaned at ≥6.4 kg BW are more likely to reach TSW at 22 weeks of age. The results suggest that birth BW might not be the best predictor for subsequent performance, as some small-born pigs were able to catch up with their bigger counterparts. The cut-off values identified could be used to design specific management and nutritional strategies for SGP.

scholarly journals Productive and metabolic increments of the inclusion of Broussonetia papyrifera to replace maize silage in growing goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
Jinling Hua ◽  
Tianfeng Xu ◽  
Quanwen Shen ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Guijuan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Daily Gain

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of Broussonetia papyrifera (BP) on growth performance, rumen fermentation, digestion and meat quality in Huanghuai white goats. Diets were developed with increasing doses of BP to replace maize silage [0% (control), 15% (BP15), 30% (BP30) and 45% (BP45)]. The design was completely randomized with 4 groups of 10 animals each, totalizing 40 animals (aged 150 ± 10 days and body weight of 25.32 ± 0.52 kg). Final body weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake increased (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) as BP increased in the diet. The highest body weight and average daily gain were seen in the BP30 group. Feed conversion ratio also improved significantly (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) with the increasing level of BP. Although the concentration of microbial protein (MCP) in a linear (P = 0.0028) and quadratic (P = 0.0035) fashion with increasing level of BP, however, NH<sub>3</sub>-N in a quadratic (P = 0.0841) fashion with increasing level of BP. Crude protein was increased with increasing BP in the diets (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05). Nitrogen intake, urinary excretion nitrogen and nitrogen retention were significantly improved (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) with dietary BP addition in goats. Dietary BP supplementation increased pH (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) and tended to reduce L* (lightness) (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the redness value of meat was significantly improved by BP addition (linear and quadratic, P &lt; 0.05). The inclusion of BP in the goat diet promotes growth and increases the digestibility of crude protein in addition to improving the meat colour and rumen fermentation.

scholarly journals Influence of level pea in the diet on performance of piglets

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vavrečka ◽  
Petr Mareš ◽  
Ladislav Zeman
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Similar Decrease ◽  
Antinutritive Factors ◽  
Feed Mill

The aim of this study was to analyse the level of feeding pea on piglets performance. In the trial the addition of pea varietas breed GOTIK with the highest content of antinutritive factors and commonly used mixture (fed in group G01) was compared. The tentative mixtures contained following amounts of pea: group G9 – 9 %, group G18 – 18 % and group G27 – 27 %.The average daily gain were: the control group G01: 0.425 ± 0.110, group G9: 0.395 ± 0.121, group G18: 0.358 ± 0.108 and group G27: 0.315 ± 0.113 kg. Out of these numbers ensues that with higher amount of pea GOTIK the average daily gain was decreasing. In the feed conversion there appeared a similar decrease of efficiency too. In the control group G01 the feed conversion was 2.02 ± 0.10, in group G9 2.16 ± 0.22, in group G18 2.34 ± 0.08 and in group G27 2.46 ± 0.18 kg. Also, with the higher content of GOTIK in feeding mixture the food intake was lower. The differences in efficiency were among the pigletsę gender too. Eventhough grunters have in this age category higher growth rate than gilts, their results were worse. Our opinion is, that this efficiency decrease could be caused by high content of antinutritive factors in GOTIK.Resulting values of gain and feeds conversion indicate feasible substitution of soya-bean meal by feeding pea, and thus decrease the dependence of mixed feed mill on these componentęs import in production of feeding mixtures for growing pigs.

Age, weight or total feed intake as bases for the performance testing of growing pigs

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
D. Lister ◽  
J. D. Wood ◽  
M. S. Wolynetz
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTIn an experiment which showed that the results of a genotype comparison are influenced by the design of the test, 16 castrated male and 16 female pigs of each of Large White (LW) and Gloucester Old Spot (GOS) breeds were allocated equally among four treat- ments: WW—rationed by weight and slaughtered by weight; A A—rationed by age and slaughtered by age; AW—rationed by age and slaughtered by weight; and WF—rationed by weight and slaughtered after a common total feed intake. The experiment was designed so that performance of LW would be similar on all treatments, and the degree to which the GOS differed from the LW on each of these treatments was then evaluated. All pigs started on the experiment at 12 weeks of age, at which time mean weight of the LW was 14% greater than the mean for the GOS. The only between- breed difference that was statistically significant (P<0·05) on all treatments was weight of lean. Average daily gain and efficiency of feed conversion were significantly different between breeds only on the WW treatment. Weight of fat was significantly different on WW and AW but not on AA or WF.

Performance and total tract nutrient digestibility of growing pigs fed hulless low phytate barley

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Woyengo ◽  
O. O. Akinremi ◽  
B. G. Rossnagel ◽  
C. M. Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Matter Energy ◽  
Hulled Barley

Woyengo, T. A., Akinremi, O. O., Rossnagel, B. G. and Nyachoti, C. M. 2012. Performance and total tract nutrient digestibility of growing pigs fed hulless low phytate barley. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 505–511. An experiment was conducted to determine the performance and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs fed hulless low phytate (HLP) barley without or with phytase for 28 d. Twenty-four growing pigs (average initial body weight=25.3 kg) were fed three diets in a completely randomised design. The diets included a regular-hulled barley-based diet, and a HLP barley-based diet without or with phytase at 500 phytase units kg−1. Pigs fed the HLP barley-based diet without phytase had greater (P<0.05) average daily gain (0.911 vs. 0.717 kg), and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, energy, P, Mg, and Na were higher (P<0.05) than the regular barley-based diet. Supplementation of phytase to the HLP barley-based diet resulted in improved (P<0.05) feed conversion efficiency (0.506 vs. 0.547 kg kg−1), and apparent total tract digestibility of N, P and K. In conclusion, pigs fed the HLP barley-based diet had higher growth performance and nutrient digestibility than those fed the regular-hulled barley-based diet, indicating that the HLP barley is a better source of nutrients for pigs than regular barley. Phytase supplementation to the HLP barley-based diet can result in a further increase in nutrient utilisation by pigs.

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