SULFUR METABOLISM AND NUTRITIONAL CHANGES IN LACTATING COWS ASSOCIATED WITH SUPPLEMENTAL SULFATE AND METHIONINE HYDROXY ANALOG

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BOUCHARD ◽  
H. R. CONRAD
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Sulfur Concentration ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Sulfur Balance

A split-plot 4 × 4 latin square experiment using four Holstein cows was designed to determine the effects of adding either the calcium salt of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butyric acid, or a mixture of potassium and magnesium sulfates, or a combination of both sulfur supplements, to a basal diet containing corn silage and grain concentrate mixture. Methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) was consumed at the level of approximately 25 g per day. Sulfates were added to the concentrate in amounts sufficient to elevate the sulfur concentration of the total diet to 0.20%. The addition of 25 g of MHA to the basal diet did not affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, sulfur balance, and nitrogen balance. When compared to the basal diet, the addition of sulfates increased the DM digestibility from 67.0 to 69.4%, the sulfur retention from 1.0 to 5.4 g per day, and the apparent sulfur digestibility from 47.7 to 66.6%. The substitution of 4 g of sulfur per day from sulfates with an equivalent amount of sulfur from MHA decreased DM intake from 19.4 to 17.6 kg per day, but increased fat level in milk from 3.4 to 3.7%. Fat corrected milk yield was the same for all treatments. In a comparative study involving 40 lactating cows and 121 balance trials, DM digestibility became maximal at about 0.15% sulfur in the total diet when sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and potassium sulfate were used as supplements, and about 0.18% sulfur when MHA was used. Raising the sulfur concentration from 0.05 to 0.12% in the total diet brought lactating cows into slightly positive sulfur balance when they were depositing 4–9 g per day of sulfur in the milk. It was concluded that supplemental inorganic sulfur from sodium, calcium, potassium, and magnesium sulfates sustained optimum utilization of sulfur when fed in the diet at 0.20% sulfur (53 mg per kg body weight per day) to cows producing as much as 35 kg of milk per day. Higher concentrations of sulfur intake did not have any effect on nitrogen, sulfur and DM digestibility, but concentrations of 0.35% sulfur and above in the ration (70–90 mg per kg body weight per day) were associated with diminished DM intakes.

scholarly journals Digestibility of amino acids, energy, acid hydrolyzed ether extract, and neutral detergent fiber, and concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy in low-oil distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 662-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charmaine D Espinosa ◽  
Su A Lee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Gross Energy

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that digestibility of amino acids (AA), gross energy (GE), acid hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and values for metabolizable energy (ME) in low-oil distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) vary among suppliers. In Exp. 1, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE, AEE, and NDF, and concentration of ME were determined in eight sources of DDGS (sources A, B, C, D, E, G, H, and I). A corn-based basal diet and eight diets containing corn and each source of DDGS were fed to 72 barrows (initial body weight = 18.1 ± 1.3 kg) with eight pigs per diet. Feces and urine were collected for 5 d after 7 d of adaptation. The ME did not differ among the eight sources of DDGS with the exception that DDGS source E contained less (P < 0.05) ME than DDGS source D. The ATTD of GE did also not differ among the eight sources of DDGS, but ME and ATTD of GE in corn were greater (P < 0.05) than in the eight sources of DDGS. However, the ATTD of AEE in corn and the eight sources of DDGS was not different, but the ATTD of AEE in DDGS source E was greater (P < 0.05) than in DDGS source A. The ATTD of NDF in DDGS source D was also greater (P < 0.05) than in DDGS sources E, G, and H, but ATTD of NDF did not differ between corn and the eight sources of DDGS. In Exp. 2, standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA was determined in seven sources of DDGS (sources A, B, C, D, E, G, and H). Twenty-four barrows (initial body weight = 63.4 ± 3.4 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to a two-period incomplete Latin square design with eight diets. Seven diets were formulated to contain each of the seven sources of DDGS and an N-free diet was also used. Ileal digesta were collected for 2 d after 5 d of adaptation. There were no differences between pigs fed DDGS sources A and B in SID of AA, and the SID of Lys, Met, and Trp did not differ among DDGS sources A, B, and E. However, SID of most indispensable and dispensable AA except Gly were greater (P < 0.05) in DDGS source B than in DDGS sources C, D, E, G, and H. In conclusion, variability in SID of AA, ATTD of NDF and AEE, and ME were observed among the sources of DDGS used in this experiment.

Feed intake, digestibility and growth performance of Dorper-Menz cross bred sheep fed local brewery by-product (Atella) and concentrate mixture at different levels of combination

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
M Kokeb ◽  
◽  
Y Mekonnen ◽  
M Tefera ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Concentrate Mix

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of graded level of local brewery by-product (atella) replacement to concentrate mixture on feed intake; digestibility and bodyweight change of Dorper-Menz crossbred lambs fed hay basal diet. The feeding period of 90 days was preceded by 15 days of acclimatization period. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with five treatments: T1 [control, hay ad libtium], T2 [25% atella + 75% concentrate mix]; T3 [50% atella + 50% concentrate mix]; T4 [75% atella + 25% concentrate mix] and T5 [100% atella]. Body weight changes were monitored fortnightly for 112 days. At the end of experiment, animals were fitted with feces collection bags and daily feces excretion was collected for seven days. Fecal output of each animal was thoroughly mixed and 20% of the voided feces were sampled to make a composite of fecal samples for each animal over the collection period. The fecal samples were stored frozen at -20°C until processing for chemical analysis. Data on feed intake, body weight change, and digestibility were subjected to analysis of variance using the General Linear Model procedure. The protein and energy contents of atella are high enough to increase intake, digestibility and could be categorized as medium protein feed. Atella alone or at different level with commercial concentrate mixture has significantly increased body weight gain of crossbred sheep. The positive weight gain results of atella supplemented group clearly indicate supplementation of dried atella could be recommended for fattening Dorper-Menz crossbred male lamb. Atella may lose some volatile nutrients during drying process and further research is needed to compare wet atella with dried one.

Effects of abomasal infusions of sodium caseinate and of casein hydrolysates varying in the relative proportions of peptides and free amino acids on milk production in dairy cows

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai-Jun Choung ◽  
David G. Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sodium Caseinate ◽  
Acid Hydrolysate ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Stage Of Lactation

SummaryTwo experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that responses of milk production to the abomasal infusion of casein or hydrolysates of casein can be influenced by the proportion of peptide-bound amino acids in the infusate. Eight lactating cows were used in two Latin square experiments with period lengths of 10 d. In Expt 1, the four cows were at a late stage of lactation and the four treatments were a basal diet of silage and a barley–soya supplement alone or with infusions into the abomasum of 180 g/d of sodium caseinate, an enzymic hydrolysate of casein or an acid hydrolysate of casein; all treatments supplied equivalent amounts of all the amino acids, this being achieved by addition of free amino acids as required. As infused, the three treatments contained 89 (caseinate), 40 (enzymic hydrolysate) and 15 (acid hydrolysate) % of their amino acids as peptides. The increase of milk production in response to infusion was small and there were no significant differences between the infusion treatments. In Expt 2, the cows received a basal diet of grass silage and a supplement containing feather meal as the main source of protein. Treatments were the basal diet alone and with three infusion treatments as in Expt 1, except that the amount infused was 230 g/d. The response to infusion was greater in this experiment, there were significant differences between infusions and the yield of milk protein with the infusion treatments was linearly related (P = 0·001) to the proportion of peptide-bound amino acids in the infusate. Moreover, there was a close inverse relation (P = 0·007) between the proportion of peptide-bound amino acids in the infusate and the concentration of total peptidebound amino acids in blood plasma.

Amino acid and energy digestibility in different sources of rice bran for growing pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kaufmann ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
M. Cervantes ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
J. He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
The Individual

Studies were carried out to determine the digestibilities of amino acids (AA) and energy in five sources of rice bran (RB). The sources of RB included two that were not further processed, a defatted, an extruded, and an atypical source of RB consisting mainly of starchy endosperm referred to as polish. Six barrows, average initial body weight 36.5 kg, were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum, and fed six diets according to a 6 × 6 Latin square design. The five RB-containing diets contained 53.8% corn, 19.9% soybean meal, and 23.1% RB. The basal diet contained 71.0% corn and 26.3% soybean meal. The dietary allowance was provided at a rate of 4% (wt/wt) of the individual body weight determined at the initiation of each experimental period. Each experimental period comprised 11 d. Following a 7-d adaptation period, faeces were collected for 48 h and ileal digesta for 24 h in two 12-h periods. Chromic oxide was used as the digestibility marker. There was considerable variation in AA digestibilities among the RB samples. By aid of the difference method under the dietary conditions specified, the apparent ileal digestibilities of lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan ranged from 62.6 to 82.2, 61.4 to 76.0, 58.4 to 82.8, and 58.8 to 82.6%, respectively. The digestibilities were lowest in the defatted source of RB and highest in polish. Not including polish of which the total tract energy digestibility was 88.2%, the digestibilities of the other samples ranged from 60.5 to 65.8%. A small proportion of the variation in AA digestibility can be attributed to the content of crude protein, fat and ash in RB. Key words: Amino acids, digestibility, energy, pigs, rice bran

scholarly journals Combinations of Urochloa hybrid Mulato II and natural pasture hays as a basal diet for growing Farta lambs in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-215
Author(s):  
Wubetie Adnew ◽  
Berhanu Abraha Tsegay ◽  
Asaminew Tassew ◽  
Bimrew Asmare
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

The study was conducted to evaluate the feed intake, digestibility, bodyweight change and carcass characteristics of Farta lambs fed Brachiaria (now: Urochloa) hybrid Mulato II and natural pasture hays in various proportions as a basal diet supplemented with a local concentrate mixture (CM). Twenty-five yearling male Farta lambs with a mean initial body weight of 19.6±0.29 kg (mean±s.e.) were used in feeding (90 days) and digestibility (7 days) trials. The lambs were randomly allocated to the following 5 dietary treatments on the basis of stratified body weight: 100% natural pasture hay (NPH) (T1); 75% NPH+25% Urochloa hybrid Mulato II hay (MH) (T2); 50% NPH+50% MH (T3); 25% NPH+75% MH (T4); and 100% MH (T5). A local concentrate mixture [300 g dry matter (DM)/hd/d] was fed to all animals. Crude protein (CP) concentration of the basal diet increased as proportion of MH in the ration increased (P<0.05). Intake of DM and nutrients, and nutrient digestibility coefficients increased significantly (P<0.05) as proportion of MH in the roughage component of the ration increased. Final body weight, average daily bodyweight gain, feed conversion efficiency and most carcass parameters measured were significantly (P<0.05) higher as proportion of MH increased from 0 to 100% in the basal diet. Based on the biological performance of the experimental lambs, performance of sheep in the region could be enhanced significantly by incorporating MH with native pasture hay and concentrate supplement in feeding rations. Economic assessments would reveal the optimal combinations of native pasture and MH for feeding to achieve particular outcomes. Other improved grass and legume species may fill the same role and should be investigated in differing environments.

Nutrient intake, digestibility, milk production and composition of lactating cows fed oat hay and concentrate containing varying levels of poultry litter

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Pal ◽  
K. S. Singh ◽  
M. K. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Ad Libitum

Utilization of poultry litter (PL) to replace soybean meal in cow diets was studied. 24 lactating cows divided in four groups, fed for 90 days with <italic>ad-libitum</italic> oathay and concentrate mixture to meet energy and protein requirements. Concentrate fed to control animals contained de-oiled soybean meal (DSM) as protein supplement, which was replaced at 25, 37.5 and 50 % with PL in concentrate II, III and IV, PL accounted 28, 42 and 56 % levels respectively, and fed to cows of T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups. PL contained CP 18.0 % and energy 3.75 Mcal/kg DM. DM intake (DMI) varied from 2.4 to 2.6 % of body weight, while milk production ranged from 5.6 to 6.3 kg, which were similar among four groups. Study concluded that PL can be included in the concentrate mixtures of cows up to 56 % without reduction in DMI, digestibility and milk production.

Effects of restricting the water intake of dairy cows upon their milk yield, body weight and blood composition

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Little ◽  
B. F. Sansom ◽  
R. Manston ◽  
W. M. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Total Body

SUMMARY1. Water intake was measured in eight lactating cows. Subsequently n i an experiment of a 4 × 4 Latin square design, each cow received 100, 87, 73 and 60% of its voluntary intake for 6 days followed by an 8-day recovery period.2. Measurements were made of the intake of feed, milk yield and quality, water, Na and K balances, metabolic profiles, and serum and urine osmolalities. The cows were weighed at the beginning and end ofthe experimental periods, and pulse, respiration and rumination rates and rectal temperatures were measured daily.3. Milk yield decreased significantly with increasing water deprivation. A 40% reduction in water intake was associated with a 16% decrease in intake of dry matter and a concomitant 16% decrease in milk yield. The only significant change in milk composition was a small increase in lactose concentration with increasing water deprivation.4. There was no significant reduction in urine output, but the output of water in faeces was reduced and there was evidence of a reduction i n total body water which approximated the reduction in body weight. 5. Concentrations of serum Na and urea-N and serum osmolality increased significantly with increasing water deprivation.

Utilization of concentrate supplements containing varying levels of cassava leaf pellet by growing goats fed a basal diet of pangola hay

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramote Paengkoum ◽  
Sorasak Thongpea  ◽  
Siwaporn Paengkoum
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Growing Goats ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Microbial N

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying levels of cassava leaf pellet (CLP) on feed intake, digestibility and rumen fermentation of goats fed with pangola hay as roughages. Eight growing crossed (Thai native x Anglo-Nubian) goats between 10 to 12 months of age and pre-trial average body weight of 18.5 + 2.5 kg were allotted into two groups on the basis of body weight in a randomized double 4 x 4 Latin square design to investigate the utilization of concentrate mixtures of varying levels of CLP. The four concentrate mixtures had CLP included at 0% (control), 10 % (CLP1), 20% (CLP2) and 30% (CLP3) in concentrate as replacing soybean meal (SBM) with CLP as 25 %CP, 50%CP and 75%CP, respectively.  On average, all parameters measured, including dry matter intake (DMI), nutrients digestibility, ruminal ammonia-N (NH3-N), ruminal total volatile fatty acid (total VFA), individual VFAs concentration (mM/L), microbial N supply, and N retention increased (P less than 0.05) with the addition of CLP in concentrate up to 20% (CLP2) in concentrate, thereafter  decreased (P less than 0.05) in goats fed CLP 30% (CLP3). The results indicated that replacing SBM with CLP as 50 %CP (CLP2), resulted in higher animal performance as a consequence of improved ruminal fermentation, microbial yield and N balance,  but decreased (P less than 0.05) with 30% CLP diet. It is concluded that cassava leaf pellet can successfully replace soybean meal 50% CP as a protein source in growing goats.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Stevioside Supplementation on Feed Intake, Digestion, Ruminal Fermentation, and Blood Metabolites of Goats

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Han ◽  
Chaoxi Chen ◽  
Xiaoli Zhang ◽  
Yuqing Wei ◽  
Shaoxun Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Serum Biochemical

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of tevioside on feed intake, feeding behavior, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, and serum biochemical parameters in goats. Nine male Xiangdong black goats (21.8 ± 1.5 kg of body weight) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square. All goats were fed a basal diet including concentrate and forage (chopped rice traw). The three treatments were 0, 400, or 800 mg stevioside per kg chopped rice traw on a dry matter (DM) basis. Dry matter intake of forage and total diet linearly increased (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04) with increasing stevioside in the diet. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of stevioside inclusion in the diets on eating time, rumination time, or total mastication time for the goats. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in the rumen responded quadratically (p < 0.01), decreasing from 0 to 400 mg/kg stevioside inclusion and increasing thereafter. The inclusion of steviosid in the diets promoted a quadratic increase in the apparent total tract digestibilities of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (p = 0.02) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (p = 0.01). Based on the results of this experiment, it could be concluded that supplementing goat diets with stevioside at 400 mg/kg to 800 mg/kg forage (about 270 to 541 mg/kg diet) resulted in increased dry intake of forage and total diet, suggesting that stevioside has positive potential as a feed additive to improve feed intake.

Digestibility of nutrients and milk productivity of cows when using the concentrate mixture with the inclusion of rapeseed presscake

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
L. Yarmots ◽  
G. Yarmots ◽  
A. Belenkaya
Keyword(s):  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Experimental Group

For ruminants, especially high-yielding animals in addition to the complete supply of animals with protein, its digestibility in the rumen is important. With low protein digestibility in the rumen, the released ammonia will be more effectively used by the rumen microflora, and the undigestible protein in the subsequent sections of the digestive tract can serve as a source of amino acids for the body. The use of concentrate mixtures with the inclusion of local, affordable and cheaper grain feeds, in particular a high-energy and protein ingredient- rapeseed presscake makes it possible to increase the milk productivity of cows throughout lactation. These presscakes are well balanced in their amino acid composition and belong to feeds whose protein has a low degree of digestibility in the rumen. The purpose of the researches was to study the digestibility of nutrients and milk productivity of cows when using the concentrate mixture with the inclusion of rapeseed presscake. In the scientific and economic experiment has been carried out on lactating cows, where the cows of the experimental group in the concentrate mixture of peas has been replaced with rapeseed presscake the digestibility of nutrients in the ration, energy metabolism and milk productivity have been studied. Studies have shown that almost all the nutrients were significantly better digested by the animals of the experimental group. Energy in milk was more allocated by cows of the experimental group by 6,29 MJ. From cows of the experimental group for 100 and 305 days of lactation has been obtained more milk by 6,27 and 7,06 %, respectively, than from control herdmates. The biochemical parameters of blood were within the limits of the physiological norm in animals of both groups. Thus, the replacement of peas with rapeseed presscake in the concentrate mixture did not have a negative influence on the metabolic processes and helped to increase the milk productivity of cows.

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