COMPARISON OF NIGERIAN YELLOW CORN, GUINEA CORN (SORGHUM) AND PEANUT MEAL (GROUNDNUT CAKE) WITH CANADIAN CORN AND SOYBEAN MEAL

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
E. J. OROK ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Yellow Corn

Three Nigerian foodstuffs, yellow corn (maize) C(Nig), guinea corn (sorghum) GC, and peanut meal (groundnut cake) PNM were evaluated chemically and biologically in comparison with Canadian yellow corn C(Can) and Canadian soybean meal SBM. Treatments consisted of seven isocaloric (3,600 kcal digestible energy/kg) diets based on combinations of the cereals and protein supplements upon which were superimposed three (20, 16 and 12%) protein levels. Diets were fed to weanling Sprague-Dawley rats for an experimental period of 4 wk. Chemical analyses revealed expected differences in crude protein, fat and amino acids between PNM and SBM. Other than in arginine and phenylalanine, PNM contained fewer essential amino acids than SBM. PNM-supplemented diets resulted in more carcass fat and less carcass lean than SBM-supplemented ones. Although there were no obvious differences in the protein and amino acid composition of the three cereals, there were interactions between these energy sources and the protein supplements. SBM gave its best performance with GC and PNM gave its best performance with C(Can). Supplementation of C(Can)–PNM diet with DL-methionine and L-lysine did not significantly improve gains. Dietary protein level showed an inverse relationship (P < 0.01) to protein and energy digestibilities expressed as percentages, although daily N retention was positively related to dietary protein level. Liveweight gain and empty body weight gain did not give equivalent relative performance to that of dry matter empty body weight gain.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MIXED SUPPLEMENTATION OF AMINO ACIDS LYSIN, METHIONINE, AND TRYPTOPHAN IN LOW QUALITY RATION ON PERFORMANCE OF BALI PIGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
CANDRADIARTA I P. M. ◽  
I K. SUMADI ◽  
I G. MAHARDIKA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Yellow Corn

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of lysine, methionine and tryptophan amino acid supple- mentation on low-quality rations on the performance of bali pigs. The material used was 12 bali pigs with an initial weight of 11.41 ± 0.91 kg. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications. Treatment P0 (50% yellow corn + 49% pollard + 0.5% mineral 10 + 0.5% NaCl), P1 (Ration P0 supp- lemented with 0.75% lysine, 0.20% methionine and 0.07% tryptophan of the total rations), P2 (ration 40% yellow corn + 43% pollard + 16% concentrate CP152 + 0.5% mineral 10 + 0.5% NaCl). The variables observed were body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio. The results showed that the supplementation of amino acids lysine, methionine and tryptophan on the performance of bali pigs showed a significantly different effect (P<0.05) on the variables of body weight, weight gain, ration consumption and feed conversion ratio. It can be concluded that the basal ration supplemented with essential amino acids 0.75% lysine, 0.20% methionine and 0.07% tryptophan in bali pork rations can increase body weight, gain weight, consume rations, and feed conversion ratio.

scholarly journals Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus on the Basis of Formulated Feed Supply

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Jay Narayan Shrestha ◽  
Prabha Niraula
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Formulated Feed ◽  
Crude Protein Level

 Best diet of the fish is the sole of production of aquaculture. Growth performance of Clarias gariepinus on the basis of formulated feed supply was carried out from 7th March to 6th May, 2019 in the laboratory of P.G.Campus, Biratnagar in which 130 juveniles (each of 10±0.11 g.) of catfish were cultured in 13 aquaria feeding with treatment diets having crude protein level 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% for treatment and commercial diet for control. There are no significant differences between the water quality parameters and body weight gain (p>0.05) in all treatments. The highest body weight gain (7.31±0.11 g; 65.20%) and SGR (13.051±1.15 g) was observed in fish fed with T C (45% protein level). This value was lowered than value of control(C) i.e. 7.59±0 g; 69.88% and 13.55±0 g respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was best (13.28±1.89 g) in T D (50% protein level feed). Its value was larger (7.52±1.11 g) in T C than C (7.15±0 g). Mortality rate was highest in T C and C i.e. 30% and lowest in T A and T B i.e. 23.33%. Weight gain of the fish increased with increasing protein level in diet till crude protein level 45% then it was dropped at the diet with protein level 50%. The best weight gain was observed in 7th week having crude protein level 45%. The diet with protein level 45% is suggested for farmers concerning the fish (Clarias gariepinus) in the aquaculture.

PREVIOUS DIETARY PROTEIN LEVEL AND SURVIVAL OF STARVING RATS IN THE COLD

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Beaton ◽  
T. Orme ◽  
A. Turner ◽  
J. Laufer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

The effect of the level of dietary protein (5%, 20%, 40% casein by weight) fed for 7 days in an environmental temperature of 22 °C, upon the survival of rats subsequently starved in an environmental temperature of 2 °C was studied. In these experiments ad libitum feeding, isocaloric feeding, and restricted feeding techniques were used, and the effects of thyroidectomy and thyroid feeding were investigated. In all cases, animals provided with the 5% protein diet survived for shorter periods than did those fed the 20% protein diet. In intact rats, but not in thyroidectomized rats, survival time appeared to be inversely related to rate of body weight loss in starvation. Differences in duration of survival among dietary groups are not explicable on the basis of differences in body weight, body composition, or total food intake prior to starvation. The results of experiments using thyroidectomized rats and thyroid feeding suggest that the effect of dietary protein level upon survival in subsequent starvation in the cold are not mediated through the thyroid gland.

Effects of dietary protein level and energy intake from 50 to 120 kg on body weight, back fat thickness and body composition in gilts

2019 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Varmløse Strathe ◽  
Janni Hales ◽  
Pia Brandt ◽  
Thomas Sønderby Bruun ◽  
Charlotte Amdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Fat Thickness

Influence of diet composition on weight gain and skeletal development of White Leghorn chicks reared to four weeks of age

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Summers ◽  
S. Leeson ◽  
D. Spratt
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Tibia Length

Experiments were carried out with White Leghorn chicks to study the influence of starting diet composition on weight gain and bone growth. Increasing dietary protein level from 15 to 21% had marked influence on weight gain, tibia length and to a lesser extent, tibia weight for chicks reared to 4 and 7 wk of age. Length of tibia plateaued at lower dietary protein levels than did growth suggesting that weight gain, at a young age, is as good if not a better indication of frame size than is a measure of tiba length. While levels of dietary energy ranging from 11.29 to 12.97 MJ kg−1 did reflect changes in weight gain and tibia length, such changes were small in comparison to those noted with changes in dietary protein level. Increasing supplemental methionine level from 0.05 to 0.15% and a 50% increase in the level of calcium and available phosphorus did not enhance weight gain or frame size over the control diet. Body weight gain for the young chick was not enhanced by high dietary levels of methionine and lysine. Thus, the suggestion of rapid feather development increasing the requirement for methionine or rapid weight gain increasing the requirement for lysine at this particular age is not valid. Key words: Chickens, skeletal growth, weight gain

Carbohydrate utilization and its protein-sparing effect in diets for grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus)

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Shiau ◽  
Y. H. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Protein Sparing ◽  
Epinephelus Malabaricus ◽  
Glucose Group

AbstractTo investigate the utilization of different carbohydrate sources and the possible protein-sparing effects of carbohydrates for grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus), six isoeneregtic purified diets were prepared. Three dietary protein levels (500, 460, 420 g/kg) were achieved by substitution with three levels (143, 195, 246 g/kg) and two sources (glucose and starch) of dietary carbohydrate. Each of the six diets was given to triplicate groups of grouper in a recirculating rearing system for 8 weeks. In the glucose group, weight gain of fish decreased with increasing dietary glucose and decreasing protein content. In the starch group, weight gain of fish given the 500 g/kg protein diet was higher (P < 0 ·05) than fish given the 460 and 420 g/kg protein diets. At each of the dietary protein levels weight gain of the glucose-group fish and the starch-group fish were similar (P > 0·05). At the 500 g/kg dietary protein level body lipid content of the starch-group fish was higher than that of glucose-group fish. At 500 and 460 g/kg dietary protein levels, fish given starch diets had higher hepatic hexokinase activity than fish given the glucose diets. These results suggest that, at the levels studies, the utilization of starch and glucose by grouper is similar. Decreasing the dietary protein level from 460 g/kg to 420 g/kg by increasing the starch content in the diet from 195 g/kg to 246 g/kg did not reduce (P > 0·05) weight gain and food efficiency, suggesting that starch could spare some protein when the dietary protein level is low.

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