EFFECTS OF CHONDRUS CRISPUS ON FERTILITY, PREGNANCY, AND POST-NATAL WELFARE OF SHROPSHIRE EWES

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
D. BREWER ◽  
J. McLACHLAN ◽  
A. C. NEISH ◽  
P. F. SHACKLOCK ◽  
A. TAYLOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Irish Moss ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fleece Weight

Shropshire ewes, aged 4 to 9 years, were dosed once weekly with Chondrus crispus (Irish moss) grown in large tanks in a greenhouse. The seaweed was fed at two levels (250 and 500 g wet wt/wk) by an oesophageal tube within 4 h of harvest from the tanks. Four to 8 wk after dosing commenced the ewes were tupped, and the dosing continued until 1 wk before parturition. Few differences were noticed in the two dosed groups. Nineteen lambs were obtained from 12 dosed ewes and 15 lambs from 12 controls. The mean loss in weight of the dosed ewes in the 4 wk following parturition was 0.50 kg/day and the corresponding loss by the controls was 0.45 kg/day. In the same period the mean daily weight gain of the lamb was 0.25 kg for the singles from both groups, 0.18 kg for the twins from the dosed sheep, and 0.21 kg for the twins from the controls. At shearing the dosed ewes gave a mean fleece weight of 3.09 kg, whereas the control groups had an average fleece weight of 3.57 kg. It is concluded that at the dose level used C. crispus was not acutely toxic.

scholarly journals The Effect of Fermented Sago Pulp on Performances and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) Local Sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapa Zahri Ritonga ◽  
Hasnudi ◽  
Iskandar Sembiring ◽  
Tri Hesti Wahyuni ◽  
Nevy Diana Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Real Effect ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Mean

This study aims to determine the effect of fermented sago pulp in rations on performance (weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion) and local sheep's income over feed cost (IOFC). This research was carried out in the community farms of Karang Rejo Village, Stabat District, Langkat Regency. This research started from March to June 2017. The design used was complete randomized design (RAL), with 4 treatment of 5 replications. Each replication consisted of 1 local sheep with an initial weight of 11.05 ± 0.56 kg. The treatment consisted of P1 (50% sago pulp without fermentation + forage), P2 (60% of sago pitch without fermentation + forage), P3 (50% fermented sago pulp + forage), and P4 (60% fermented sago pulp +). The observed variables were performance (body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion) and income over feed cost (IOFC). The results showed that the treatment of fermented sago pulp gave a very real effect (P <0.01) on daily weight gain. The mean of P1 = 33,05 g, P2 = 39,95 g, P3 = 46,57 g, P4 = 54,38g. The consumption of fermented sago pulp treatment has a real effect (P <0,01). With average P1 = 486,38 g, P2 = 548,68 g, P3 = 604,69 g, P4 = 671,11 gr. Against the conversion of fermented sago pulp fermentation treatment gave a real effect (P <0.05). With average P1 = 14.78, P2 = 13.90, P3 = 12.99, P4 = 12,49. IOFC the highest local sheep is Rp. 121.568 on treatment of P4 and IOFC lowest at treatment P1 equal to Rp.73.315. The conclusion of the research shows that the utilization of fermented sago pulp can increase body weight gain, feed consumption, local sheep feed conversion. P4 treatment economically has a better economic level than P1,P2 and P3.

scholarly journals Beef performance of Holstein calves slaughtered at 300 kg of live weight

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Chládek ◽  
Daniel Falta
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this work was to quantify basic feedlot performance and carcass value characteristics of Holstein bulls slaughtered as “young cattle” at 300 kg of live weight. The observation was carried out in a group of 12 Holstein bulls fattened in identical conditions and fed on a diet consisting of ad libitum amount of crushed grain (barley and wheat) and a limited amount of protein concentrate.The mean overall values were as follows: age and live weight at slaughter 275.9 days and 299.3 kg, daily weight gain and net weight gain since birth 0.962 kg and 0.527 kg, dressing percentage 48.3%, weight of cold right carcass half 71.0 kg, weight of bones 17.5 kg, weight of muscle 53.0 kg and separable fat 0.54 kg. The mean weight of hide was 21.6 kg. The great majority of calves were classified as O2, one calf graded R2. The forequarter to hindquarter ratio was 1.4 with mean weights 29.1 kg and 41.9 kg. The mean weight of neck was 3.9 kg, chuck 3.6 kg, shoulder 5.9 kg, fore shank 3.4 kg, loin 4.1 kg, filet 1.5 kg, round 18.2 kg and hind shank 1.3 kg. We found highly significant (P<0.01) coefficients of correlation between carcass weight and live weight at slaughter (r=0.963) or daily weight gain (r=0.723). Net weight gain since birth was highly significantly (P<0.01) correlated to live weight at slaughter (r=0.723) or to daily weight gain (r=0.982) and significantly correlated (P<0.05) to age at slaughter (r= –0.665).Despite the average or worse-than-average feedlot performance parameters our experimental Holstein bulls had an adequate proportion of muscle (comparable with other literature sources), a high ratio of bones and a very low proportion of fat. Thanks to small meat trim, weights of the main dissection parts of fore-and hindquarters were comparable to those usually found in young Holstein bulls.

scholarly journals FEED UTILIZATION BY BROILER CHICKENS FED THREE COMMERCIAL MICRONUTRIENT PREMIXES AT TWO PHYSIOLOGICAL STAGES OF GROWTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
O. O. ODUGUWA ◽  
B. K. OGUNMODEDE ◽  
A. O. FANIMO
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
The Mean

Three commercial premix types were fed in and duplicated to six groups of 45 broilers each at the starter pbase (0-5 weeks). At the finisher phase (5-9 weeks) each treatment group of the vital roles in starter was further divided into three groups. Nine premix combinations were used at the finisher pbase. Performance of the birds was monitored. At the starter phase, birds fed premix Z diet had a mean body weight blood (629.90gm) that was higher (P<0.05) than fed premix A diet (518.87 gm) which was also the maintenance of osmotic relations and acid higher than those fed premix U diet (414.59gm). The mean daily weight gain followed the same  trend with 16.81gm, 14.04gm, or 10.58 gm for birds fed diets that contained premixes Z A or U respectively. Birds fed a diet that contained premix Z consumed 48.80 gm daily which was  more than those for birds fed premix U in their diet (37.85gm). The feed to gain ratio was not significantly affected (P>0.05) by the premix  type fed at this phase. Poor growth rate caused by premixes with marked differences in their by premix fed at the starter phase was not completely overcome due to the premix type fed at the finisher phase varied (P<0.05) with the type of premix fed. No difference (P>0.05) was observed among the  premix types for the metabolic trials at the starter phase.

scholarly journals The evaluation of growth and selected carcass and meat quality parameters in fattening bulls fed a diet based on concentrates or maize silage

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 368-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Štercová ◽  
A. Krása ◽  
R. Lepková ◽  
J. Šterc
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
The Mean

The aim of the study was to evaluate the growth rate and selected carcass and meat quality parameters in bulls fed a high-grain diet and to compare the results with those obtained in bulls fed a diet based on preserved roughage. The trial included 18 Czech-Pied bulls fed a diet with a high proportion of concentrated feed and 18 Czech-Pied bulls fed a diet based on maize silage, used as a control group. The trial was launched after the weaning of calves. During the fattening period, live weight and average daily weight gain were monitored. The bulls were slaughtered at the live weight of 550–600 kg, the mean age at slaughter was 473 days for the high-grain diet group and 474 days for the control group. The carcasses were classified to SEUROP quality grades, and carcass gain and dressing percentage were calculated. Samples of <I>m. longissimus pars thoracis</I> were taken from five bulls in each group to examine selected meat quality parameters. In the period from weaning to slaughter the high-grain diet bulls and the control bulls achieved the average daily weight gain of 1.29 kg and 1.21 kg, respectively. Differences between the groups were not significant. The high-grain diet group showed higher average carcass weight and higher carcass weight gain, differences between the groups were not significant, either. As to meat quality parameters under study, a significant difference was found only in meat lightness (L*), with the mean value in the high-grain diet group being significantly (<I>P</I> ≤ 0.01) lower than in the control group. The other meat quality parameters did not show any significant differences between the groups. In this study, the high-grain diet gave similar performance as the maize silage-based diet in fattening bulls. The high-grain diet group and control group showed comparable average daily weight gain and selected carcass and meat quality parameters.

Estimates of the energy required for maintenance by adult sheep 1. Housed sheep

1963 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Langlands ◽  
J. L. Corbett ◽  
I. McDonald ◽  
J. D. Pullar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Heat Emission ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Direct Calorimetry ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYEight adult ewes were fasted for 114 hr. During the last 48 hr. the heat emission of each sheep was measured by direct calorimetry and was found to be 35·2 kcal./kg.0·87/24 hr., that is, 973 kcal./24 hr. for a sheep of 45·4 kg. (100 lb.) live-weight. From this value it is estimated that the 100 lb. sheep would require daily 0·79 lb. digestible organic matter (DOM) from pasture herbage for maintenance.In a second experiment, 49 adult sheep were kept indoors and fed on fresh herbage for a period of 72 days. Measurements were made of the mean daily DOM intake (D), mean live-weight (W) and mean daily weight gain (G) of each sheep. The regression of D on Wk and G, and the underlying or functional relationship between D, Wk and G were both estimated for k = 0·73 and k = 1·0. From the underlying relationships, the preferred equations, the maintenance requirement of a 100 lb. sheep was estimated to be 0·82 lb. DOM daily. This value and those calculated for other live-weights are approximately two-thirds of the corresponding values given in ‘Rations for Livestock’ (Evans, 1960).

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of biological activity of probiotic preparations based on Enzymesporine

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00017
Author(s):  
Alexander Gorobets ◽  
Denis Trubnikov
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Physiological Limit ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
High Level

In the article the influence of using the microencapsulated probiotic preparation Enzymesporine with an enzyme in comparison with analogues that do not have an enzyme (microencapsulated and non-encapsulated) in pigs of Genesus selection is considered. The activity on intestinal digestion, growth and weight gain, and on hematological and biochemical parameters is studied. The period of life of pigs during the experiment was 48-98-148 days. In the course of the performed experiment on pigs of Genesus selection, after the usage of reliable results. The increase in the life weight and daily weight gain in the period from the 48th to the 148th day of life has been confirmed. That indicates the advantages of the microencapsulated probiotic preparation Enzymesporine with an enzyme over microencapsulated and non-encapsulated analogues without an enzyme. The general analysis of blood showed that the animals that received microencapsulated Enzymesporine with an enzyme. Along with that the content of erythrocytes and hemoglobin reached the upper physiological limit, which is significantly higher than that in the control groups. During the determination of biochemical parameters of blood a significant increase of the amount of total protein and albumins in experimental animals was detected up to 148 days of animals’ life. A significantly high level of immunoglobulins was observed throughout the experiment in the tested animals. When comparing with the control group, that indicates a high resistance to diseases and a high immune status of pigs.

85 PREGNANCIES AND VIABILITY OF THE OFFSPRING AFTER TRANSFER OF HANDMADE CLONED PORCINE EMBRYOS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
M. Schmidt ◽  
I. B. Bøgh ◽  
Y. Du ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
J. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
The Mean

In several species, nuclear transfer causes a high frequency of fetal loss, high birth weight, malformations, and neonatal death. This study investigates the fetal development of porcine embryos produced by handmade cloning (HMC) and compares the piglets with littermates produced by traditional cloning (TC). HMC embryos were produced from one fetal cell line, LYxD (Landrace/Yorkshire x Duroc) and TC from another (LYDxLYD). For transfer, 11 sows were weaned, and at cycle stage Day 4 after heat, they were anesthetized in lateral recumbence. Through an abdominal incision 40–60 Days 5–7 embryos (69% HMC + 31% TC) were transferred to the upper uterine horn. The tip of the uterine horn was punctured with a blunt 18G needle and a temporary catheter introduced to absorb the blood before inserting an insemination catheter (J-IUIC-351341 Insemi-Cath; Cook Ireland Ltd., Limerick, Ireland) 5–6 cm into the horn and releasing the embryos. Pregnancy was examined by ultrasonography every second week to Day 100. Caesarian sections were performed at Day 115, 24 h after injection of PGF2 (175 �g Estrumate�; Pitman-Moore Ltd., Harefield, UK). The piglets were fed with 15 mL kg-1/3 h colostrum through a stomach tube for the first 12–24 h, until they were left with their dam. Body weight, blood values (oxygen tension, and glucose and hemoglobin concentrations), and body temperature were recorded at birth, 24 h, and 3 weeks of age. The data were analyzed by Fisher's Exact test and are given as LS means � SEM values with a significance level of P &lt; 0.05. The pregnancy rate was 6/11 (55%), with 2 pregnancies developing to term, 2 ongoing (Day 100 and Day 60), and 2 lost (about Day 35). So far, the litter sizes were 3 (1 TC, 2 HMC) and 10 (2 TC, 8 HMC) live piglets, respectively. The mean birth weight of the TC offspring (1045 � 135 g) was lower than that of the HMC piglets (1614 � 177 g) and that of normal piglets on the farm (1520 � 240 g; P &lt; 0.05). One of the HMC piglets of the first litter was rather oversized (2690 g) and another showed rigid flexure of a carpal joint. All other piglets appeared normal on gross morphology and behavior. Blood values were similar for HMC and TC piglets, but the body temperature at Day 0 (36.3 � 0.2 vs. 35.1 � 1.1�C; P &lt; 0.05) and the daily weight gain during the first week (129 � 21 vs. 74 � 13 g; P = 0.06) tended to be higher for the HMC piglets. After 24 hrs, the mean blood glucose concentration was higher in the HMC than in the TC piglets (6.09 � 0.74 vs. 3.67 � 0.19 mmol L-1) and similar to farm piglets of the same age (6.93 � 0.44 mmol L-1), but the difference was not significant after 3 weeks. These preliminary results demonstrate for the first time that HMC in pigs can result in an acceptable pregnancy rate, birth rate, and litter size. The minor differences in birth weight, weight gain, and blood glucose observed between HMC and TC offspring may be explained by the different cell lines used for the 2 methods, and are under current investigation.

scholarly journals Performance of weaned male rabbits fed varied levels of dietary fumonisin B1

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
E. O Ewuola ◽  
F. A Gbore ◽  
J. T Ogunlade ◽  
G. N Egbunike
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietary Treatments

In a six-week feeding trial, a total of 48 crossbred weaned male rabbits of 7 weeks old were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments, with 12 replicates per treatment to determine growth indices and nutrient digestibility of rabbits fed fumonisin-contaminated diets. Maize grains contaminated with fumonisin B1 were incorporated into rabbit diets excluding the control diet (treatment 1, 0.13mgKg-1), at varied inclusion levels of 5.0mgKg-1, 7.5mgKg-1 and 10.0mgKg-1 fumonisin B1, constituting treatments 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The results showed that the average final live weight of rabbits fed treatments 3 and 4 were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those fed treatment 2 and the control. The average daily dry matter intake of the animals fed the dietary treatments was not significantly different. The mean daily weight gain of rabbits fed 5.0mgkg-1, 7.5mgKg-1 and 10.0mgKg-1 however declined significantly (P<0.05) by 91.23, 83.92 and 81.88% respectively, relative to the mean daily weight gain of 12.31g/rabbit/day of animals fed the control diet. The result further showed that digestibility of the nutrients of the experimental diets except crude protein, were similar among the treatments. The crude protein digestibility of rabbits fed 7.5mgKg-1and 10.0mgKg-1 were identical but significantly (P<0.05) lower than those fed 5.0mgKg-1 and the control diet. This suggests inhibition of nitrogen utilization and depressed performance in the animals fed diets containing ≥ 5.0mg fumonisin B1/Kg. Diets containing up to 7.5 mg fumonisin B1/Kg will depress live weight and daily weight gain as a result of reduced protein utilization in weaned rabbits.  

Impact of Harvesting on Irish Moss (Chondrus crispus Stackhouse) Frond Size-Class Structure

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Pringle ◽  
R. E. Semple
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Class Frequency ◽  
Irish Moss ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Frond Length

Irish moss (Chondrus crispus Stackhouse) is cropped annually by dragrakes in certain southern Gulf of St. Lawrence Marine Plant Harvesting Districts (MPHD). Mean annual yield declined between 1972 and 1979, from peak years 1966–71, through a standing crop decrease. The present study compares frond size-class structure between three dragraked districts (light, moderate, and intense harvesting pressure) and two non-dragraked districts. Fronds, sampled by hand, were classified by pattern of dichotomy (branch) number; both mean frond weight and length were determined for each district. Frond size-class frequency distributions were bimodal from the moderate and intensely dragraked districts. Densities peaked at Classes 0 (no branching) and 5 or 6 (five or six branches), mean frond dry weights ranged from 0.09 g (intensely dragraked) to 0.18 g, mean frond length was between ~7 and ~10 cm, and mean frond dichotomy number was between ~3.6 and ~5.2. Frond size-class frequency distributions were unimodal from the non-dragraked and lightly dragraked districts, peaks were at Classes 6–8, mean frond dry weight per district was 0.40 g, mean frond length was between ~8 and ~12 cm, and mean frond dichotomy number was 7.5–8.2. The hypothesis that frond size-class frequency, mean frond dry weights, and mean frond dichotomy number were similar between intensely dragraked and non-dragraked beds was rejected. It was concluded that annual yield in the former beds would be substantially higher, were the mean frond size-class of the harvest increased by even one dichotomy. Frond length per class was not significantly different between intensely dragraked and non-dragraked beds. However, fronds higher than Class 6 from the former beds were heavier than those from the latter beds. These results are discussed in relation to dragrake selection pressure.

scholarly journals Replacing oat hay with coffee husk in the feed of finishing lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lais Belan ◽  
Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽  
Filipe Alexandre Boscaro de Castro ◽  
Camila Cano Serafim ◽  
Marta Juliane Gasparini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Coffee Husk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Error Weight

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of replacing oat hay with coffee husk for the feeding of confined lambs. In this study, 24 male Texel lambs of approximately 60 days of age and with a mean ± standard error weight of 21.95 ± 5.81 kg were examined. Their diet was composed of 30% oat hay and 70% concentrated feed per kilogram of dry matter. The experimental design was randomized and included four treatments (0, 7.5, 15, and 22.5% of coffee husk in the total dry matter), with six replicates of each treatment. The animals were slaughtered when they reached a mean live weight of 32 kg. There was no significant difference in dry matter intake and mean daily weight gain (which were 197 g day-1) among treatments. The mean daily weight gain (DWG) was not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by the replacement of oat hay with coffee husk in the diet, with the overall mean DWG being 215.05 g day-1. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among treatments in any of the studied carcass variables, and the mean true carcass yield was 53.9%. The lambs presented a mean finishing score of 2.96 (on a scale of 1 to 5) and a conformation of 4.21 (on a scale of 1 to 6), characterizing them as good carcasses. In terms of economic viability, the 7.5% diet stood out as the one that had the highest profitability, generating a profit of $ 3.25 USD per kg of carcass produced. Coffee husk can therefore replace oat hay in the feed of finishing lambs in concentrations of 0.075 to 0.225 kg kg-¹ of total dry matter with biological and economical efficacy and generating good commercial carcasses.

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