EFFECTS OF POSTFEEDING INTERVAL ON BLOOD CONSTITUENTS RELATED TO ENERGY METABOLISM IN NONPREGNANT ANGUS AND HEREFORD HEIFERS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. BOWDEN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Initial Sampling ◽  
Glucose Plasma ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Angus Heifers

Ten Angus heifers and 10 Hereford heifers were fasted for 48 h to study changes in blood glucose, plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and plasma ketone concentrations and their relationships to prefast feeding levels and breed. Prior to fasting, five heifers of each breed were fed for 140 days on one of two rations, which produced significantly different average rates of gain (0.16 vs. 0.47 kg/day) and average depths of subcutaneous adipose tissue (5.0 vs. 10.3 mm). Blood was sampled at 1, 24, and 48 h postfeeding. Blood glucose concentrations were higher (P < 0.01) at 24 h postfeeding but did not change from 24 to 48 h postfeeding. Plasma NEFA concentrations increased during the 48-h fast. Plasma ketones were lower (P < 0.01) at 24 h postfeeding but at 48 h were higher (P < 0.01) than at 1 h postfeeding. Packed cell volume (PCV) increased during 24 and 48 h of fasting. Blood concentrations of glucose, NEFA, and ketones at either 24 or 48 h of fasting were not influenced by prefast feeding level. Angus heifers had higher (P < 0.05) blood glucose and higher (P < 0.05) PCV than Hereford heifers. Correlations between the blood constituents at the three sampling times were generally low. Only the correlations of plasma NEFA with ketone concentrations at 24 h postfeeding (.55) and glucose with PCV at the initial sampling (−.52) reached significance (P < 0.05).

CERTAIN BLOOD CONSTITUENTS OF A LIZARD DURING HIBERNATION AND ACTIVITY

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zain-ul-Abedin ◽  
B. Katorski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Plasma

Blood glucose, plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), plasma esterified fatty acids (EFA), plasma protein, and blood nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) were measured in a lizard, Uromastix hardwickii, both during activity and hibernation. In hibernating lizards the blood glucose and plasma protein levels were unaltered, plasma NEFA and EFA almost doubled, and the NPN of the protein-free filtrate prepared with trichloroacetic acid was decreased by 15%, whereas that determined on the zinc sulfate – sodium hydroxide filtrate was unaltered. These findings are discussed in relation to possible energy sources during hibernation and the transport of lipids to abdominal fat: pads.

scholarly journals Gluconeogenesis in the cow. The effects of a glucocorticoid on hepatic intermediary metabolism

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Baird ◽  
R. J. Heitzman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽  
Aspartate Transaminase ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Glycolytic Intermediates ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
Parallel Measurements

1. The hepatic concentrations of the ketone bodies and of metabolites and activities of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis were measured in healthy lactating and non-lactating cows 48h after administration of Voren, an ester of dexamethasone, and compared with those found in control animals given saline. Parallel measurements were also made of the blood concentrations of several of the metabolites. 2. Blood glucose concentrations were raised in the Voren-treated animals, whereas blood ketone body and free fatty acid concentrations were unaltered. Similarly there was no change in the hepatic concentrations of the ketone bodies. 3. Significant increases were found in the hepatic concentrations of citrate, 2-oxo-glutarate and malate in both groups of animals given Voren. 4. The hepatic concentrations of those glycolytic intermediates that were measured either decreased or did not change after Voren treatment. 5. The enzymes aspartate transaminase and fructose 1,6-diphosphatase were unchanged in activity after Voren administration, whereas phosphopyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.32) activity was depressed in the lactating group. However, glucose 6-phosphatase, tryptophan oxygenase and tyrosine aminotransferase increased in activity. 6. In several cases those hepatic metabolites that increased in concentration after Voren administration were present in lower concentration in normal lactating cows than in normal non-lactating cows. The same applied mutatis mutandis to those metabolites that were decreased by Voren. 7. These findings are discussed in relation to the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of bovine ketosis.

Relationship between the blood composition of Friesian (Holstein) bulls and their improved contemporary comparisons for production traits

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
G. J. Rowlands ◽  
Kathryn J. Bunch ◽  
P. A. Brookes ◽  
R. Manston
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Holstein Bulls

SUMMARYBlood samples were taken from 428 Friesian (Holstein) bulls on three occasions, on average at approximately 3-monthly intervals, between 3 and 15 months of age, and also from 214 of them on three occasions at 6-monthly intervals when they were between 2 and 6 years of age.The average concentrations of blood glucose and haemoglobin and of serum cholesterol, urea, albumin, globulin, inorganic phosphate, Ca, Mg, Na, K and Cu were calculated for each of these periods and correlated with improved contemporary comparisons of milk yield and quality.Repeatability estimates were similar within each of the two periods but were lower when mean concentrations calculated between 3 and 15 months of age were compared with those between 2 and 6 years. The main exceptions were cholesterol (0·52) and Cu (0·54) for which repeatability estimates were similar to those derived within the above two periods. The constituents with the next highest levels of repeatability were magnesium (0·44), globulin (0·43) and inorganic phosphate (0·39), which were approximately 30% lower than those obtained within the two periods.Correlations between blood concentrations and improved contemporary comparisons were negligible, indicating that it is not possible to use these blood constituents to predict the milk production potential of a bull's daughters.

Effect of glycemia and nonesterified fatty acids on forearm glucose uptake in normal humans

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. E304-E311 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Walker ◽  
G. R. Fulcher ◽  
C. F. Sum ◽  
H. Orskov ◽  
K. G. Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
And Control ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of physiological plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels on insulin-stimulated forearm and whole body glucose uptake and substrate oxidation during euglycemia and hyperglycemia. Seven healthy men received Intralipid and heparin for 210 min in two studies, with saline as control in two further studies. Insulin (0.05 U.kg-1.h-1) was infused from 60 min, and euglycemia was maintained during lipid (EL) and control (EC) studies, and hyperglycemia was maintained in the other studies (HL and HC). Forearm NEFA uptake was comparable in the lipid studies (+61 +/- 10 and +52 +/- 8 nmol.100 ml forearm-1.min-1, EL and HL) and was suppressed in the controls. With Intralipid, forearm glucose uptake decreased during euglycemia but not during hyperglycemia (+3.85 +/- 0.34 vs. +3.34 +/- 0.25 mumol.100 ml forearm-1.min-1, EC vs. EL, P less than 0.02), with comparable changes in whole body glucose uptake. Glucose oxidation and forearm alanine release decreased with Intralipid at both blood glucose levels, with no significant change in the rates of nonoxidative glucose disposal. These observations support the operation of the glucose-fatty acid cycle at physiological plasma NEFA levels at both blood glucose concentrations, but this was associated with a decrease in peripheral insulin sensitivity only during euglycemia.

scholarly journals Physiological, metabolic, and performance implications of a prolonged hill walk: influence of energy intake

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1075-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip N. Ainslie ◽  
Iain T. Campbell ◽  
Keith N. Frayn ◽  
Sandy M. Humphreys ◽  
Donald P. M. MacLaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
Mean Blood Glucose ◽  
The Hill

We aimed to examine the effects of different energy intakes on a range of responses that are relevant to the safety of hill walkers. In a balanced design, 16 men completed a strenuous self-paced mountainous hill walk over 21 km, under either a low-energy (2.6 MJ; 616 kcal) intake (LEI) or high-energy (12.7 MJ; 3,019 kcal) intake (HEI) condition. During the hill walk, rectal temperatures were measured continuously, and blood samples for the analysis of metabolites and hormones were drawn before breakfast and immediately after the walk. Subjects also completed a battery of performance tests that included muscular strength, reaction times, flexibility, balance, and kinesthetic differentiation tests. During the LEI, mean blood glucose concentrations leveled off at the low-middle range of normoglycemia, whereas, on the HEI, they were significantly elevated compared with the LEI. The maintained blood glucose concentrations, during the LEI, were probably mediated via the marked fat mobilization, reflected by a two- to fivefold increase in nonesterified fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and glycerol concentrations. The LEI group showed significantly slower one- and two-finger reaction time, had an impaired ability to balance, and were compromised in their ability to maintain body temperature, when compared with the HEI group. The modestly impaired performance (particularly with respect to balance) and thermoregulation during the LEI condition may increase susceptibly to both fatigue and injury during the pursuit of recreational activity outdoors.

Study of the Correlation between Tear Glucose Concentrations and Blood Glucose Concentrations

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 944-P
Author(s):  
MASAKAZU AIHARA ◽  
NAOTO KUBOTA ◽  
TAKASHI KADOWAKI
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Tear Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

scholarly journals Analyses of longitudinal, hospital clinical laboratory data with application to blood glucose concentrations

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (27) ◽  
pp. 3208-3220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Schildcrout ◽  
Sebastien Haneuse ◽  
Josh F. Peterson ◽  
Joshua C. Denny ◽  
Michael E. Matheny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations
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