ORGANIC ACID TREATMENT OF HAY

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. CANDLISH ◽  
K. W. CLARK ◽  
J. R. INGALLS
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Acetic Acid Treatment

Orchard grass, alsike clover, and an alfalfa–brome mixture were field treated before baling with either formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, ChemStor, or HaySavor at levels between 0.05–0.11% on a fresh weight basis. The temperature of the untreated orchard grass hay was 137 F (58 C) and mold was visible after 3 days; formic acid-treated orchard grass hay was 102 F (39 C) and showed traces of mold; no mold was visible in the ChemStor-treated orchard grass bales and temperature was 91 F (33 C). Acetic acid treatment seemed to encourage mold growth in alsike clover hay over 30% moisture at the time of baling. Dry matter (DM) intake by sheep was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for the untreated hay compared with the propionic acid-treated alfalfa–brome hay. The lowest intake was with the formic acid-treated hay. Acid treatment did not significantly affect (P > 0.05) the DM digestibility of the alfalfa–brome hay, although the untreated hay had a higher DM digestibility than the acid-treated hay in the same treatment square.

ORGANIC ACID DETERMINATION ON TREATED AND UNTREATED CORN SILAGE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH CANDLISH ◽  
J. McKIRDY
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Acid Determination

Changes in levels of organic acids in corn silage were measured by gas chromatography. When corn was treated prior to ensiling with formic acid, propionic acid, Chemstor, and Hay Savor at levels of 0.75% and 1.5% on a fresh weight basis, the acids added were readily detected on the gas chromatograms. Formic acid addition lowered the pH of the corn silage to a greater extent than the other added acids. Control silages contained between 5.81 and 17.43 mmol total acids per 100 ml silage juice, whereas silages treated with propionic acid and Chemstor contained between 33.86 and 42.53 mmol total acid per 100 ml silage juice. Formic acid- and Hay Savor-treated silages contained intermediate amounts of acids. The acid treatments did not severely affect lactic acid production.

INFLUENCE OF FORMIC ACID AND FORMALIN ON QUALITY OF DIRECT-CUT ALFALFA SILAGE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. DAVIDSON ◽  
K. R. STEVENSON
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Forage Harvester

Early bloom alfalfa (Medicago sativa cult Saranac), at 22.5% dry matter, was harvested with a forage harvester. Formic acid (85% solution) and formalin (37.5% solution) and various mixtures were applied to the herbage, on a fresh weight basis, at rates of 0.33, 0.50, and 0.66%. The material was ensiled in sealed plastic-lined barrels holding 150 kg and fitted with fermentation locks. After 130 days, the quality of the treated and untreated silages was examined by comparing organic acid and ammoniacal-nitrogen contents. With formic treatments, an immediate drop in pH to 4.76, 4.20, and 3.93 was observed with rates of 0.33, 0.50, and 0.66%, respectively. Formalin had no effect on pH. Lactic acid contents were lower with formalin and the 0.66% formic but higher with 0.33 and 0.50% formic than in untreated silage. The volatile fatty acids were reduced equally by both formic acid and formalin. Increased rates of application reduced these acids. The ammoniacal-nitrogen contents decreased with increased application rates. Amounts of 14.11, 2.80, and 5.73% of total nitrogen were found in untreated, 0.66% formic acid-treated, and 0.66% formalin-treated silages, respectively. The various formic–formalin mixtures produced results intermediate to separate applications of formic and formalin for all parameters analyzed.

Factors limiting the intake of feed by sheep. I. The significance of palatability, the capacity of the alimentary tract to handle digesta, and the supply of glucogenic substrate.

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 939 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Weston
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Ad Libitum

Voluntary feed consumption (VFC) decreased when a quantity of the diet being consumed by the sheep was introduced into the rumen. On diets of lucerne hay, lucerne hay plus maize, wheaten hay, and wheaten straw, the decreases in VFC ranged from 90 to 110% of the quantity introduced intraruminally when this quantity varied from 20 to 60% of the VFC during control periods. When sheep consumed wheaten straw ad libitum, and a quantity of coarsely ground wheaten straw equal to 140% of the VFC during a control period was given intraruminally, VFC ceased and digesta accumulated in the rumen. VFC decreased when indigestible materials were introduced into the rumen. The voluntary consumption of lucerne hay decreased by 15% when sawdust was introduced into the rumen at a rate equivalent by weight to 17% of the VFC during a control period ; decreases of 7 and 9% were found when finely ground polyvinyl chloride was introduced at rates equivalent by weight to 25 and 50% respectively of VFC during control periods. The voluntary consumption of wheaten hay decreased by 16 and 19% when sawdust was introduced into the rumen at rates equivalent by weight to 25 and 18% respectively of VFC during control periods. Intraruminal infusions of acetic acid, propionic acid, or a mixture of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids providing 290–510 kcal of energy daily were accompanied by decreases in the voluntary consumption of lucerne hay and wheaten hay; the decreases ranged from 0.29 to 0.86 g dry matter per kcal of energy infused; similar decreases were obtained when propionic acid was infused into the abomasum of sheep given lucerne hay. The intake of lucerne hay was 9% higher when given alone than when supplemented with 6% propionic acid. The results are discussed in relation to factors limiting the intake of lucerne hay and wheaten hay.

A note on propionic acid-treated barley of different moisture contents in the diets of growing pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
I. H. Williams ◽  
P. R. English ◽  
J. R. Luscombe
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Moisture Concentration ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Conventional Manner

ABSTRACTGrowth and carcass traits were measured in pigs grown from 25 to 90 kg live weight on barley stored and prepared in different ways. Some of the barley was prepared in the conventional manner by drying to a moisture concentration of 140g/kg before hammer-milling. The remainder of the barley was rolled after treating batches, containing 140, 180 and 240 g moisture per kg, with propionic acid. A total of 128 pigs was used at three centres.There were no differences between the centres and no differences in the performance and carcass measurements of pigs given acid-treated and rolled, or untreated and milled barley, despite differences in physical form between the rolled and milled samples. When the intake of dry matter was equalized there was no apparent effect on the pigs of acid treatment of barley containing different amounts of moisture.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous chemistry of monocarboxylic acids on α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> at ambient condition

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 3937-3974 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Tong ◽  
L. Y. Wu ◽  
M. F. Ge ◽  
W. G. Wang ◽  
Z. F. Pu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Ambient Condition ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Monocarboxylic Acids ◽  
Al2o3 Particles ◽  
Α Al2o3

Abstract. A study of the atmospheric heterogeneous reactions of formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid on dust particles (α-Al2O3) was performed at ambient condition by using a diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) reactor. From the analysis of the spectral features, observations of carboxylates formation provide strong evidence for an efficient reactive uptake process. Comparison of the calculated and experimental vibrational frequencies of adsorbed carboxylates establishes the bridging coordinated structures on the surface. The uptake coefficients of formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid on α-Al2O3 particles are (2.07±0.26)×10−3, (5.00±0.69)×10−3, and (3.04±0.63)×10−3, respectively (using geometric area). Besides, the effect of various relative humid (RH) on this heterogeneous reactions was studied. The uptake coefficients of monocarboxylic acids on α-Al2O3 particles increase initially (RH<20%) and then decrease with the increased RH (RH>20%) which was due to the effect of water on carboxylic acids solvation, particles surface hydroxylation, and competition on reactive site. On the basis of the results of experimental simulation, the mechanism of heterogeneous reaction of dust with carboxylic acids at ambient condition was discussed. The loss of atmospheric monocarboxylic acids due to reactive uptake on available mineral dust particles can be competitive with homogeneous loss pathways, especially in dusty urban and desertified environments.

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