INFLUENCE OF FEED PARTICLE SIZE ONpH, CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT, AND VISCOSITY OF RUMEN FLUID

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-J. CHENG ◽  
R. HIRONAKA
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Coarse Particle ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Mean Particle Size ◽  
Fine Particle Size ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

Four fistulated cows were used to compare the rumen fluid properties produced from feeding all-concentrate feeds of fine (344 μ), or coarse (519 μ) geometric mean particle size, or alfalfa hay. A severe frothy condition developed in the rumens of cows fed the fine particle size feed but not in the rumens of cows fed the coarse or hay diets. The average viscosity of rumen fluid from cows fed hay was 7.4 centipoises (cP), about 14.7 cP when fed the coarse feed, and about 30.7 cP when fed the fine feed. After the cows became accustomed to their feed, rumen fluid pH declined from 6.5 to 5.6 when fed the fine particle feed and from 6.9 to 6.0 when fed the coarse. The rumen fluid from the cows fed the fine feed exhibited two viscosity maxima, between pH 5.5 and 5.8, and between pH 7.5 and 8.5, whereas the viscosity of the rumen fluid from the cows fed the coarse feed was not influenced by pH. Soluble carbohydrate levels were 650 μg/ml in the rumen fluid of cows fed the coarse-particle diet and over 1,000 μg/ml in that from cows fed the fine-particle feed. Cows fed hay had less than 300 μg/ml of soluble carbohydrate in the rumen fluid.

Cytoplasmic glycogen inclusions in cells of anaerobic gram-negative rumen bacteria

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1501-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-J. Cheng ◽  
R. Hironaka ◽  
D. W. A. Roberts ◽  
J. W. Costerton
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Rumen Bacterium ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Mean Particle Size

Megasphaera elsdenii, an anaerobic rumen bacterium, produced intracellular polysaccharide granules varying in size from 0.05 to 0.15 μm during growth in batch culture. This polysaccharide material was purified and was found to contain D-glucose as the only reducing sugar. The polyglucose polymer was highly opalescent in aqueous solution and formed a strong reddish-brown iodine complex with a maximum absorbance at 493 nm. Its infrared spectrum had characteristic absorption bands at 8.70, 9.25, and 9.75 μm and was identical with that of the glycogen of enteric bacteria and beef liver. When these polysaccharide granules were observed with an electron microscope, they resembled the glycogen granules produced by Arthrobacter globiformis and Escherichia coli. These properties indicate that the polysaccharide was a type of glycogen. The yield of crude glycogen was 16.82% of the dry weight of late log-phase cells (14-h).The lysis of cells of M. elsdenii and other rumen bacteria that store polysaccharide granules inside the cells, in the rumen of cows fed a feed of fine-particle size (344 μm, geometric mean particle size) and high-energy content, may contribute to the high-carbohydrate level and high viscosity of the cell-free rumen fluid of these cows. Cows fed a coarse feed (519 μm, geometric mean particle size) of the same composition have rumens that contain few bacteria with polysaccharide granules. The cell-free rumen fluid of these cows has low viscosity and low-carbohydrate content.

INFLUENCE OF PARTICLE SIZE OF CONCENTRATE ON RUMEN CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH FEEDLOT BLOAT

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. HIRONAKA ◽  
J. E. MILTIMORE ◽  
J. M. MCARTHUR ◽  
D. R. MCGREGOR ◽  
E. S. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Fine Particle Size

Some rumen characteristics associated with bloat were measured in identical twin cows fed diets of coarse and fine particle size (geometric mean particle size of 715 and 388 μ). A foamy condition developed in the rumen of all cows fed the fine diet and in one of those fed the coarse diet on the 2nd day of the experiment. In vitro gas production 1 h after feeding was 3.46 ml/h per g dry matter (DM) on fine feed and 2.35 ml/h per g DM on the coarse (P < 0.05). During the 1st week of feeding the pH value of rumen of cows fed the coarse diet was 4.86 and that of cows fed the fine diet was 4.75. During the 2nd week the pH of both were lower at 4.53 and 4.12 (P > 0.05). There was no difference in the numbers of Streptococcus bovis present in the rumen attributable to the particle size of the diet. The number of S. bovis increased with an increasing proportion of concentrate fed until the cows were changed to the all-concentrate diet, when numbers declined sharply to a low level. S. bovis does not appear to be a primary cause of feedlot bloat.

Hydrogen Generation by Hydrolysis of the Ball Milled Al-C-KCl Composite Powder in Distilled Water

2012 ◽  
Vol 519 ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Ni Huang ◽  
Zhang Han Wu ◽  
Ke Cao ◽  
Wen Zeng ◽  
Chun Ju Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Aluminum Particle ◽  
Generation Rate ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Fine Particle Size ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In the present investigation, the Al-C-KCl composite powders were prepared by a ball milling processing in an attempt to improve the hydrogen evolution capacity of aluminum in water. The results showed that the hydrogen generation reaction is affected by KCl amount, preparation processing, initial aluminum particle size and reaction temperature. Increasing KCl amount led to an increased hydrogen generation volume. The use of aluminum powder with a fine particle size could promote the aluminum hydrolysis reaction and get an increased hydrogen generation rate. The reaction temperature played an important role in hydrogen generation rate and the maximum hydrogen generation rate of 44.8 cm3 min-1g-1of Al was obtained at 75oC. The XRD results identified that the hydrolysis byproducts are bayerite (Al(OH)3) and boehmite (AlOOH).

scholarly journals Biases Associated with Four Stream Substrate Samplers

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1882-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Young ◽  
Wayne A. Hubert ◽  
Thomas A. Wesche
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
The Other ◽  
Substrate Composition ◽  
Mean Particle Size ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Freeze Core ◽  
Single Probe ◽  
Core Sampler ◽  
Stream Substrate

We compared samples collected from 10 substrates of various compositions with a single-probe freeze-core sampler, a triple-probe freeze-core sampler, a McNeil sampler, and a shovel. The accuracy with which these devices sampled particles larger than 50 mm in diameter varied; they were oversampled by the freeze-core devices, sampled in proportion to their availability by a shovel, and sampled inconsistently by the McNeil sampler. The geometric mean particle size and variance of single-probe freeze-core samples consistently exceeded those of samples collected with the other devices. Most sample means also exceeded the test substrate means. By excluding the proportions of particles larger than 50 mm in diameter in our analyses, we found that proportions of several particles sizes in samples collected by different methods differed significantly from the actual proportions in test substrates. There were few differences between the single- and triple-probe freeze-core samples or between McNeil and shovel samples. All four samplers were biased, but the McNeil sampler most frequently produced samples that approximated the true substrate composition.

Influence of fine particle size and concentration on the clogging of labyrinth emitters

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenquan Niu ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Xue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Fine Particle Size

Mercury Speciation and Fine Particle Size Distribution on Combustion of Chinese Coals

2012 ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Michael Daukoru ◽  
Sarah Torkamani ◽  
Shuxiao Wang ◽  
Jiming Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Mercury Speciation ◽  
Fine Particle Size

Measuring Fine Particle Size with RGB Three Wavelength Bands Light Extinction Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 0712004 ◽  
Author(s):  
黎石竹 Li Shizhu ◽  
蔡小舒 Cai Xiaoshu ◽  
高伟 Gao Wei ◽  
刘浩 Liu Hao
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Fine Particle Size

scholarly journals Sea salt as a potential ocean mirror material

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (49) ◽  
pp. 38926-38930 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rowland ◽  
H. C. Hailes ◽  
J. R. G. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Surface Albedo ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Fine Particle Size

The additives used to produce ocean foams also inhibit Ostwald ripening of seasalt producing very fine particle size and a reflectance of 77% so that seasalt can make a contribution to surface albedo.

Granulometric Characterization of Flotation Products

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1902-1907
Author(s):  
R.C. Santana ◽  
M.A. Santos ◽  
T.C.M. Santos ◽  
T.A.A. Souza ◽  
Carlos Henrique Ataíde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Column Height ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Fine Particle Size ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Feed Samples

This work aimed on the granulometric characterization of flotation products and to analyze the effect of the variables (that were investigated in a flotation work) on the particle size distribution parameters. Besides to compare the parameter values of the granulometric analysis for the concentrate and tailing both results were compared with the parameter values of the flotation feed samples. The analyzed parameters showed lower values for the concentrate products as compared with the parameters for tailing and feed samples. For coarse and fine particle size fractions the column height was the variable that more influenced on the parameter values.

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