scholarly journals PROPYLENE GLYCOL AND GLYCEROL AS A FEED ADDITIVE FOR LACTATING DAIRY COWS: AN EVALUATION OF BLOOD METABOLITE PARAMETERS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. SAUER ◽  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
High Lactation

An extensive trial for testing the antiketogenic potency of glycerol and propylene glycol (DL-1,2 propanediol) was conducted with milking Holsteins and Ayrshires over a 2-yr period. Through weekly blood analyses of free fatty acids, glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate for an 8-wk period post-partum, it was possible to classify these cows as normal, clinically ketotic, and subclinically ketotic. The results showed that in cows that were not stressed by either high lactation yield or low concentrate intake these chemical additives only slightly depressed blood ketones and free fatty acids below control values. The beneficial properties of these additives became obvious in cows stressed by adverse environmental factors and slightly reduced levels of concentrate intake. In these cows, the addition of propylene glycol to the concentrate ration significantly reduced blood ketones and plasma free fatty acids and increased the concentration of blood glucose. It was concluded that the use of propylene glycol as a feed additive (3 and 6% of the concentrate) should be economically attractive in high-producing dairy herds because it will significantly decrease the incidence of clinical and subclinical ketosis in cows during the immediate postpartum period (4–8 wk) when they are most susceptible to the metabolic disorder.

scholarly journals Milk Fatty Acids Composition Changes According to β-Hydroxybutyrate Concentrations in Ewes during Early Lactation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1371
Author(s):  
Enrico Fiore ◽  
Anastasia Lisuzzo ◽  
Rossella Tessari ◽  
Nicoletta Spissu ◽  
Livia Moscati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
P Value ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Cell Functions

Ketosis is a metabolic disease of pregnant and lactating ewes linked to a negative energy balance which can cause different economic losses. The aims of this study were to understand the metabolic status of the early-lactating ewes and to identify biomarkers for early diagnosis of subclinical ketosis. Forty-six Sarda ewes were selected in the immediate post-partum for the collection of the biological samples. A blood sample from the jugular vein was used to determine β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations. Animals were divided into two groups: BHB 0 or healthy group (n = 28) with BHB concentration < 0.86 mmol/L; and BHB 1 or subclinical ketosis (n = 18) with a BHB concentration ≥ 0.86 mmol/L. Ten mL of pool milk were collected at the morning milking for the analyses. The concentration of 34 milk fatty acids was evaluated using gas chromatography. Two biochemical parameters and 11 milk fatty acids of the total lipid fraction presented a p-value ≤ 0.05. The study revealed different relationships with tricarboxylic acid cycle, blood flows, immune and nervous systems, cell functions, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress status. Eight parameters were significant for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with an area under the curve greater than 0.70.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency of diet for periparturient dairy cows supplemented with free fatty acids or glucogenic additives

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 760-767
Author(s):  
Renata Klebaniuk ◽  
Grzegorz Kochman ◽  
Edyta Kowalczuk-Vasilev ◽  
Eugeniusz R. Grela ◽  
Maciej Bąkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Transition Cows

The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of two energy preparations used at fixed doses, but for different lengths of time: 1) a loose mixture of propylene glycol and sodium propionate, and 2) a granular formulation of free fatty acids produced from palm oil and palm nut, non-degradable in the rumen.. A three-factorial experiment was carried out on 5 groups of Polish Black and White Holstein-Friesian cows (10 animals each) which were within the transition period. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of two energy preparations administered at a constant dose, but over different time periods, on the animals' performance, as well as on their milk yield and composition. The following treatment groups were formed: control group C, which received a standard diet; experimental groups G1 and G2, which received a dietary additive of a glucogenic preparation; and experimental groups F1 and F2, which received a free fatty acid preparation. The diet of the transition cows was supplemented with the full dose of the additives (500g/head/day) for 2 weeks before the expected calving and 3 or 6 weeks of lactation. The present research confirmed the benefits of dietary inclusion of energy supplements for transition cows. Supplementation with both glucogenic and free fatty acid preparations reduced the negative energy balance in the cow’s organism and improved milk production and composition. The milk yield, higher by ca. 10% for the cows fed diets with energy additives (relative to the control treatment), provides evidence of a substantial beneficial effect of supplemental dietary energy on the efficiency of cow milk production. In the present study, the best basic milk composition was obtained in the cows receiving a dietary addition of the glucogenic preparation at a dose of 500g/head/day until the end of the 6th lactation week. The animals from this group also had the highest milk yield evaluated for 305 days. In order to improve the energy balance in high-yielding transition cows, it is recommended that dairy managers apply feed energy additives based on propylene glycol and sodium propionate.

scholarly journals Effects of lipid-encapsulated conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on milk production, bioenergetic status and indicators of reproductive performance in lactating dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Hutchinson ◽  
Michael J de Veth ◽  
Catherine Stanton ◽  
Richard J Dewhurst ◽  
Pat Lonergan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Igf I

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces mammary milk fat synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Our objective was to determine the effects of lipid-encapsulated CLA (LE-CLA) supplementation on milk production, reproductive performance and metabolic responses in lactating dairy cows fed a grass silage-based diet. Seventy-two Holstein-Friesian cows (32 primiparous and 40 multiparous) were used in a completely randomized block design. Cows received either 80 g of LE-CLA daily or 60 g of calcium salts of palm fatty acids daily (control) from parturition until 60 days in milk. LE-CLA contained a 50:50 mix of cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-10,cis-12 CLA, resulting in a daily intake of 6 g of each isomer. Milk production and dry matter intake were recorded daily, and blood samples were collected 3-times a week. Blood samples were analysed for circulating concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Progesterone was measured in blood samples collected after the first post-partum insemination. Ovarian ultrasound examinations commenced at 8–10 d post partum and were carried out 3-times a week until first ovulation. LE-CLA treatment resulted in decreased milk fat concentration, with consequent improvements in energy balance and body condition score (BCS). The peak concentration of NEFA in blood was reduced by LE-CLA, but circulating concentrations of insulin, glucose, IGF-I, BHBA and progesterone were not affected. There was no effect of LE-CLA supplementation on the post-partum interval to first ovulation. Services per conception tended to be reduced. The reduction in milk energy output and improvement in energy status and BCS in LE-CLA-supplemented cows provides a strong rationale for further studies with greater cow numbers to test effects on reproductive performance.

Fasting serum triglycerides, free fatty acids, and malondialdehyde are increased in preeclampsia, are positively correlated, and decrease within 48 hours post partum

1996 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 975-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A. Hubel ◽  
Margaret K. McLaughlin ◽  
Rhobert W. Evans ◽  
Beth A. Hauth ◽  
Cynthia J. Sims ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Serum Triglycerides
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